Acknowledgements
I am greatly indebted to a number of people without whose help this thesis would not have been possible. I would like to express my gratitude, appreciation and thanks to them all.
Firstly, I am most grateful to my supervisor, Professor 某某, whose conscientious tutoring, insightful comments and constructive criticisms have contributed greatly to the completion of this thesis. At the preparation stage of this study, he provided me with useful suggestions and recommended to me some essential references. When I finished my writing, she devoted a considerable proportion of his time to reading it and making suggestions for further revisions. Her support and encouragement as well as great care for me deserve more thanks than I can find words to express.
My thanks are also extended to all of my other teachers and friends for their continuous support. Here, I give my sincere thanks to my friends 某某 who gave me some very good advice.
Last but not least, a special note of appreciation to my family whose loving considerations and helps are the source of my strength.
To all those mentioned above, and to any other people whom I may have failed to mention, I extend my sincere thanks.
学士学位论文原创性申明
本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，遵照严肃要求的科学精神，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。论文中除已注明引用和致谢的内容外，不包含其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对论文研究做出贡献的个人或集体，均在论文中作了明确声明并表示了谢意。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果，若违反，一切责任由本人承担。
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Contents
Introduction 1
1. Definition of self-translation 3
2. PaiHsien-yung and the Taipei Man 6
3. PaiHsien-yung's strategy of name translation 8
3.1 Name translation strategies 8
3.2 Supplementary transliteration 10
3.3 Transliteration of explanatory form 11
3.4 Alternative transliteration 12
3.5 Free translation 12
4. PaiHsien-yung's translation strategies of expressions with Chinese characteristics 13
4.1 literal translation or literal translation plus notes 13
4.2 Supplement method 14
4.3 Flexible translation 14
Conclusion 16
Bibliography 17
A Tentative Analysis of Translation Strategies of Self-translation Epitomized in PaiHsien-yung's Works
Abstract
Self-translation is a special phenomenon in translation. In this paper, through the analysis of the translation works of PaiHsien-yung’s Taipei Man, found that the use the commentaries on the text, retain the original form of strategy, and innovative use of the world's vernacular this translation strategies, while fully to take care of the target language culture, also highlight the source language culture, spirit of the original, make work life has continued in the target language. Starting from PaiHsien-yung's self-translated work Taipei man, this thesis studies the translation strategies expressed in it. It shows the methods of self-translation in different aspects and helps readers feel the content of the works more vividly and intuitively.
Key words: Self-translation; Taipei Man; Translation Strategies; Worldwide Vernacular
试析白先勇自译作品中的翻译策略
摘 要
自译是翻译中的一种特殊现象。文章通过分析白先勇的自译作品《台北人》，发现其使用了释义文本，保留原文形式的策略，并创新性的使用了世界性的白话这一翻译策略，在充分照顾译入语文化的同时，也彰显了源语文化，传递了原作精神，使作品的生命在译入语中得到延续。本课题从白先勇的自译作品《台北人》入手，研究其中所表现出来的翻译策略。表明不同方面的自译方法，帮助读者更加真切直观地感受作品内容。
关键词：自译；《台北人》； 翻译策略； 世界性的白话
Introduction：
Self-translated works try their best to introduce their works from all aspects. For literary works, they try to achieve functional equivalence of meaning, style and culture. Famous Taiwan writer PaiHsien-yung's creation came into its own unique style, the translation of translation is more accurate than he let the reader grasp with the express intention of the author and its since the translated works in the traditional culture and folk culture includes many factors, make the work more unique charm, make full of feminine literature art strength and strong expressive force of wen wan. There are few self-translated works in China, and few literatures have studied the unique feature of PaiHsien-yung's novels. So far, there are only four ma theses and eight journal articles about Chinese Taipei Man's self-translation. These studies mainly analyze this work from the aspects of the translator's role, literary stylistics, self-translation, translation strategies and some specific translation theories.
Compared with domestic research, foreign research is relatively immature, and only four book reviews can be found. It is obvious that the previous studies on the English translations of the Taipei Man are all creative and novel, without a systematic and holistic view of the translation of this book. The research on translation strategies, although mentioned, is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, there is still much
room for the translation study of this work. This topic is intended to take PaiHsien-yung's Taipei Man as an example to explore this issue in depth.
1. Definition of self-translation
Self-translation refers to "the act of translating one's own work or the result of such an act". Grutman divides the translation into two parts, i.e
Time-lapse self-translation (when texts in two languages are almost completed at the same time and time-lapse self-translation (when the author creates a work in one language two states. Popovic believes that self-translation refers to the translation of the author's works into another language. Self-translation is not a variation of the original text, but a real translation. Li Changbao holds that self-translation is a special form of translation, which usually refers to the self-translation of literary works. Ji-rong Chen from the translation of the particularity of the properties of translation and the translation activity is pointed out in two aspects, the translation is "held by the author is a kind of special strategic, the process of translation and the results of this kind of behavior, the author USES some other language translation of text information and writing intention, the inner motive of translation activities both repetition work topic, also consider double context text in function, and the literature has made a continuation of the sexual function use .
All of the above mentioned scholars emphasized the particularity of self-translation in translation, and Popovic also emphasized the superiority of self-translation over his translation. Although some scholars, such as Yang lianfen and ma ruofei, believe that self-translation is not a translation but a re-creation and re-writing of one's own works, most scholars believe that although self-translation contains more or less a creative element, its essence is still translation. Many the translation of writers both at home and abroad, such as the British bilingual writers beckett, Russian bilingual writer nabokov, Lin yutang, zhang ailing and PaiHsien-yung, Xiao Gandeng Chinese writer, many of their works are not completely faithful to the original, for three reasons: one is that they are writers, translate their own works when due to the influence of their own creation psychology, to add or delete text to rewrite; Secondly, due to the characteristics of the text, the translator will modify the original text to different degrees in order to enrich the poetic effect of the work due to the different genres and expression techniques. Third, considering the perspective of readers, for example, when Lin Yutang translated "between tears and smiles" into Chinese, due to different literary traditions and historical concepts, many contents that are easy for western readers to understand became more detailed and specific in Chinese. In conclusion, the author believes that self-translation is the translation behavior and result of the author's modification, addition, deletion and rewriting of the original text more or less under the influence of the author's own creation psychology, text characteristics and the reader's perspective in the translation process when he or she translates his or her work into another language alone or in cooperation with others.
2. PaiHsien-yung and the Taipei Man
Pai Hsien-yung is a famous Taiwanese writer traveling in the United States. He is known as the "genius of the contemporary Chinese short story writers" by the famous scholar Xia Zhiqing. His representative work Taipei Man is a collection of 14 short stories. These works describe the life of people from the mainland to Taiwan from different aspects, and show the tragic fate of people of all classes under the background of ups and downs of The Times. "The people of Taipei can even be said to be the history of the People's Republic, because the main character in Liang Fuyin had a prominent history during the revolution." In the translation of this collection of stories, in order to better show the true meaning of the original work, the translator adopted some different strategies from the general translation on the premise of considering the original work, the symbolic meaning and the reader's acceptance and other factors. For example, many names of characters in novels have special meanings. In order to retain the symbolic meaning of the original text and better receive English readers, translators adopt a variety of innovative transliteration methods, which are rarely seen in the translation of general literary works.
Mr PaiHsien-yung created a collection of short stories of Taipei Man consists of 14 short story, the narrative of the withdrawal from the mainland to Taiwan in the 1950 s a small group of men and women living experiences, the heroine of the novel to senior generals, general lady, manager, or chaebol, down to the intellectuals, small staff, the maid, long, dancers, etc. These stories do not have a happy ending, but the protagonist of the fate of the helpless. PaiHsien-yung through the description of trivial life and ordinary people, to show us the different characters behind the hidden universal human nature, revealing the bleak sense of life impermanence. PaiHsien-yung's novels use modern techniques such as stream of consciousness and are rooted in traditional Chinese life and culture.
3. PaiHsien-yung's strategy of name translation
In the following paragraphs, some special translation strategies adopted by PaiHsien-yung in his self-translation will be explored from the translation of characters' names and expressions with typical Chinese characteristics in Taipei Man.
3.1 Name translation strategies
As a category of proper nouns, most scholars advocate transliteration, although there are different opinions on specific ways of expression and word selection. However, in Chinese literary works, the name of a character often reflects the author's thoughtfulness. In many cases, he is not only a name, but also can reflect the character characteristics to a certain extent, and even implies the fate of the character. In Taipei Man, many names are closely related to the development and fate of the story, which reflects the ingenuity of the author in literary creation. Due to the differences between Chinese and western languages and cultures, especially the unique connotation and implication of Chinese names, it is really difficult to translate accurately and reasonably into English. Therefore, when translating literary works into English, transliteration method should be adopted where name translation cannot be simplified. "Flexible and diverse approaches should be adopted without necessarily adopting a uniform model". In order to better convey the meaning contained in the names of characters in the original work to English readers, PaiHsien-yung adopted a variety of alternative transliteration methods in his self-translation, such as supplementary transliteration, explanatory transliteration, etc.
From the perspective of readers' expectation, the intention of the original text is supplemented and even consciously interpreted in the translation. From the perspective of hermeneutics, as a result of influence in the process of the translation the translator of the three world (his interaction in the process of translation of author, translator and reader world, because the translator is the author himself, so he is better than anyone familiar with his work and intention, when he read the original work doesn't need to speculation about the author's intention, and just need to think about how to convey your meaning. Through the deliberate retention or creative interpretation of the original content, the translator can make the translation more skillfully convey the author's intention. In Taipei Man, the most obvious place of this kind of conscious interpretation is the translation of people's names. The names in the work are just like the names of Zhen Shiyin and Jia Yucun in a dream of red mansions, which represent the characters' own characters or imply the main idea of the article. Therefore, the translator also USES the names in the translation for vividness and meaning
The traditional translation of a dream of red mansions. Such as:
No matter how the personnel changes, Bai Xueyan will always be Bai Xueyan.
But however the affairs of men fluctuated，
Yin Hsueh － yen remained forever Yin Hsueh －
yen，the“Snow Beauty”of Shanghai fame．
Bai Xueyan is a social butterfly in Shanghai ballroom. She is always dressed in silver, cold and charming, with an indescribable charm.
Always attracting people around her to gather around her. When translated into English, the author believes that it is not enough to transliterate Yin Hsueh-yen as a meaningless name. The addition of the stage name "the Snow Beauty" after the name deepens the image of Bai Xueyan as a dancer for English readers. The author also emphasizes that she was born and became famous in Shanghai, deliberately showing that the protagonist came to Taipei from Shanghai, highlighting the contrast between Bai Xueyan's environment and the past.
3.2 Supplementary transliteration
Bai Xueyan, the protagonist of forever Bai Xueyan, was originally a famous actor in Shanghai blumen. She has a cold and threatening appearance as well as extraordinary ability. "she can confuse all men she comes into contact with". In order to better convey the meaning of the name, PaiHsien-yung adopted supplementary transliteration in his self-translation, sometimes translating it as "Yin Hsueh-yen" and sometimes translating it as "Snow Beauty". The former is the name of the characters (literal pronunciation), the latter is a supplement to the meaning of the characters' names, which not only reflects the beauty of Bai Xueyan, but also reflects the fate of the masters and the whole aristocratic society at the end of the road. They are like snowflakes, although very beautiful, but will soon be doomed to extinction.
Supplementary transliteration transmits characters' characteristics and destiny to English readers, which to some extent makes up for the deficiency of transliteration. There are many other such examples, such as "Chu Yen" and "CrimsonFlame".
3.3 Transliteration of explanatory form
In order to preserve the implied meaning of the names of characters in the original text, PaiHsien-yung also adopted the method of interpretive transliteration to compensate for the translation. In "forever Bai Xueyan", the famous opera actress Wu yanli is translated into "Swallow Wu". "Yan li" is used to describe a beautiful woman with a swallow's voice, while "Wu yan-li" has no meaning at all. It can be said that this interpretive transliteration achieves functional equivalence in translation to the greatest extent. For another example, Verdancy Chu in "a young man" was translated into "Verdancy Chu", which reflected the strong contrast before and after the death of her husband, and served as a foil to the personality change of "the heart is dead and the past is not what it used to be" after the death and separation.
3.4 Alternative transliteration
Flexible transliteration is a method that ADAPTS the translation on the basis of transliteration in order to better realize the translation purpose. the authors will be transliterated into "Chin", its name and the name of "Jolie", is based on transliteration of a flexible, "Jolie" similar to "Chaoli pronunciation", and "Jolly" is very similar, and the word "Jolly" has the meaning of "pleasure and make merry", it reflects the Jin Zhaoli dancers identity, the largest extent, realized its name meaning in his works.
3.5 Free translation
Free translation is also a translation method frequently used by PaiHsien-yung in his self-translation of Taipei Man, especially the stage names or nicknames of characters in novels. Unlike Zhu Limin translation, the author does not leave "red" to "red", as one of the "red" means "fame, fame", is "from the age of seven, had known", and just the word "prodigy" refers to "genius, a child prodigy", is very apt the meaning of the original, and more easily accepted by readers of English.
4. PaiHsien-yung's translation strategies of expressions with Chinese characteristics
It is no wonder that liu shaoming, a famous translator, has pointed out that "no translation is suitable for such a diverse, symbolic, image-rich and alluded language". Compared with ordinary translators, self-translators often pay more attention to the transmission of Chinese traditional culture to English readers through translation. In the self-translation of Taipei Man, PaiHsien-yung adopted literal translation, complement and other translation methods in order to attract the attention of English readers to the Chinese factor. In order to reduce the reading difficulties of English readers in some difficult areas, translation methods are adopted.
4.1 literal translation or literal translation plus notes
In order to convey the special meaning of Chinese to the English readers, the translator translates some words with Chinese characteristics into English by literal translation or literal translation plus annotation. For example, when translating the word "aide", it was considered that the aide was a special rank in the Kuomintang army, which corresponded to the English word "aide de-camp" in form and the English word "batman" in content. The translator translates it as "Fukuan", as in Liu Fukuan Aide-de-camp liu, Lai Fu kuan. Sometimes, in order to facilitate the understanding of English readers and better convey the cultural information of the original text, the literal translation is accompanied by appropriate annotation and addition of information. For example, "Taipan" was literally translated into "Taipan", and at the end of the text, the real meaning was explained in the form of annotations.
4.2 Supplement method
In order to preserve this special way of expression, when translated into English, the meaning of the original text is expressed through supplementary method, and the expression form of Chinese is retained at the same time. How are you, Liu Fuguan? "I'm fine, Thanksgiving to Madame's success." "I'm fine" keeps the habit of English expression, but "Thanksgiving to Madame's warm" reflects Chinese people's special polite expressions. It not only facilitates the understanding of English readers, but also retains the special expression of Chinese.
4.3 Flexible translation
Some words with Chinese characteristics are difficult for English readers to understand if they are literally translated. The application of transliteration, though lacking in form, namely "intentional disloyalty to the original work", can basically achieve the goal of faithfulness in terms of meaning and stylistic effect, which is similar to the same. Such as:
Originally: "two small get knife, frame the chicken soup of elder sister, incredibly still eat the bean curd of elder sister to come!"
Taking advantage of sb., especially a woman taking advantage of sb., taking advantage of sb., taking advantage of sb., taking advantage of sb., taking advantage of sb. If the "small knife" translated as "the one to be cut by knives", although more faithfully, but English readers may be confused, and if the "tofu" translated into "eat the bean-curd of somebody", can not express the true meaning of the original. The translators have adopted a flexible approach in translating them into "gallows birds" and "get fresh with somebody". "Gallows birds" is a slang word for a person who is allowed to be hanged, but it is very much in the nature of a joke or a joke. To get fresh with somebody is an American idiom. "Idea" is another meaning of "taking advantage of someone". The second "fresh" gives us the pun of the original. Although the image of "tofu" has not been retained, both the meaning and style have been accurately reproduced.
Conclusion:
In this paper, the translation strategies of PaiHsien-yung's self-translated works include name translation strategies, translation strategies of characteristic languages, transliteration and annotation, comparison between self-translated works and his translation, and translation studies from different perspectives. There have been a lot of studies on self-translation in western countries, but not so much in China. Especially, Mr. PaiHsien-yung has a lot of research space on the translation of Chinese characteristic languages in the process of self-translation.
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