Will the Danish literature ascend to level of the literary world, Andersen, life has created a large number of poetry, novels, plays and travel, eventually to 168 fairy tale creation laid his important position in the literary world, known as the "father of modern fairy tales". Since 1913 by Zhou Zuoren introduces to China. Time has reached a hundred years old. Hans Christian Andersen with rich imagination woven vivid stories, with a soulful tone write he to the care of human misery, of humble respect for life with rich poetic fairy tale to nourish the soul of a generation of children in China. As a classic of children's literature, readers of different times in different times can find their own interpretation of the entry in Andersen's fairy tales. As Wang Quangen said: "the classics are timeless, and often read the new. So is the world of fairy tales created by Andersen. Andersen's fairy tales will continue to be a young child read and accepted, the scholars will also continue to be young and not so young scholars explained and deconstruction.
In today's increasingly ecological crisis of the moment, ecological awareness needs to be strengthened, ecological civilization construction. Lookback Andersen creation in the mid-19th century beautiful fairy tale, still surprise found flashes of the ecological thought and is the valuable resource of ecological education of people. Works of nature of love and respect, is a jump off of anthropocentrism ecological holism, ambivalence to the modern science and technology and the industry is implies his ecological awareness, lack of supervision of worries, the desire to criticize and unsophisticated natural life regression is provide the guidelines of the fairy tale for the loss of life in the present moment.
The life of non - human centralism.
In today, to prevent environmental pollution, maintaining the urgency of the ecological balance we have a considerable consensus. More and more people clearly recognize, "environmental problems is not only a technical problem, slow speed is not the science and technology resources (or eliminate pollution) in human consumption speed of resources (or pollution). Technical problems are only surface symptoms of environmental crisis. The essence of environmental problem is the problem of value orientation."
Modern ecological science has proved that nature, including human beings, is an organic, systematic, self organized, first in, objective, homogeneous. Non anthropocentrism ecological ethics, therefore, that as the life system of individual existence, in value is not better than the human dignity. Nature is the same active body as the human, so it has the objective intrinsic value as well as the human. Human and non-human, are "the way of the existence of protein body", so it also has the same value of the talent can not be deprived.
Growth in Odense, Denmark poor shoemaker family of Hans Christian Andersen, for the pursuit of art, 14 years old to leave his homeland for Copenhagen, hard work, the achievements of the "fairy tale life", during which suffered the inconstancy of human relationships, through the vicissitudes of human, so his humble life existence, struggle and value has a very deep experience and understanding. Therefore, in the fairy tale, he often with affectionate tone, to those seemingly insignificant as worthless life description, the description of the environment in which they live, their emotions, their struggle to survive, their own ideal value.
Such as "linen" depicts the flax plant of a happy life, with blue flowers in it pulled up to rubbing beating woven into beautiful cloth, and then cut into clothes. When the clothes into the rotten cloth was beaten into slurry into spreading knowledge of the white paper, eventually turned into ashes still happily singing "I am the happiest", because it is a member of the world, it to the world. Compared with the fir tree, "tree" is always full of regret, in its efforts to grow up to success was cut to do a Christmas tree, after Christmas is discarded debris dizzy corner, was eventually chop wood for burning into ashes, it knows the grown in the woods before beautiful, decorate the glory of Christmas tree and the little mouse to listen to his story of happiness, regret feel happy when happy myself for not being able to. Regardless of the flax fir tree sad or happy, they all have their inherent unique value, so should affirm the value of their own, be happy. In the fairy tale, no matter is the slight irony and enthusiastic praise, these "insignificant" life itself has been greatly respected, their growth environment, life experiences, and their psychological activity and value pursuit are independent completely displayed. In the world of Hans Christian Andersen, these tiny lives has a their unique value, as he said "there is no what life would be forgotten: every life will get you can enjoy, suitable to own a happiness." 384 similarly, the old oak tree at the end of a dream ", 365 years old oak tree, though high into the sky, rich experience, by sailors as a standard to miss, still do not have the power to scoff at only one day of life of ephemera, when it on Christmas Eve was uprooted by the storm, Hans Christian Andersen sigh, it falls, it's three hundred and sixty-five years like mayflies day.
In "green small things", Andersen gave a more direct criticism of the different ways of dealing with aphids by ants and people. Tells the story of delicate and charming rose because of the aphids and losing its vitality on the verge of death, "I" with a soapy water to get rid of the aphids, but hear the aphid complaints: original and ants towards aphids is not the same. Ants of the aphids in the cold season egg moved to nests in protected, blossom in warm spring, ants will be hatched aphids sent to green leaves, aphids suck plant sap will produce containing a lot of sugar "honeydew" ants to suck the honey dew "even for their nests, and drive away predators of aphids ladybirds. This story has been basically the common existence of ants and aphids between the biological symbiotic phenomenon emerged, it almost from the aphid position in their own interests to the human center, so that they can enjoy the delicate and charming rose, will kill the aphids with soap and water, style is quite simple and rough, and argued that God allowed the "fruitful and full of everywhere". In fact, aphid has delicate organs and poetic can milk eggs in life, they should be called "ant cow" and "Rose corps" or "little green thing". "Have many, is everywhere" this is God's promise to the human race in in genesis, but since God let aphids have strong reproductive capacity, aphids should also have the value of its existence and reason. Out of the perspective of narrow anthropocentrism, Andersen would like to let me see as a chain in a ring of aphids, from the human point of view, it although neither the aesthetic value, also does not have, even hurt the economy value, but it is the ant mutualism ally and ladybug food is has its inherent objective value. In modern ecology, natural things are a community of life, and all things are highly dependent, even the smallest of living things are important to the entire system of natural economy. As the father of the world ecological history, British modern ecological thoughts of Founder Gilbert white pointed out: "earthworm, though is a natural chain of tiny and insignificant part, from the surface. However, if the loss of it will lead to broken sad." [5]31 will naturally as the most abundant source of writing, through the fine observation of nature, Andersen found a lot of rich ecological meaning of life. The Ibis bird, "a text tells the Ibis bird due to have children sing a song of sarcasm and continuous efforts to learn to fly catching food learning, finally get Ibis bird general" good at capturing the highest reviews of frogs and snakes ". Fly to the Nile for the winter before, Ibis bird in its own way punished the love singing ridicule their children, return the said "ridiculed animal is a sin" good boy Peter, Ibis bird name named Peter.
Through this story, we can understand the interesting ecological knowledge. Ibis bird in the marsh or lake pond frogs and other small animal foraging snake, is living in a migratory bird of the nile. In the summer, it will fly to northern Europe for the summer, and it will build a nest on the roof of the people. Ibis bird is a bird in the Danish people are very familiar with, in Danish folk have many legends, as well as Andersen's very fond of animals, which often appear in his fairy tales. The little bird Ibis in order to have enough skill and strength to cope with the long-distance migratory flight, must be hard flight and predation ability, otherwise they will face the tragic fate of the bad children sing songs, or burned and hanged, fell dead, killed, because as the famous father of modern environmental protection proposed by Leopold each creature in a unified ecosystem in Pyramid, the Pyramid is composed of numerous food chain, large and complex, seems to be out of order no order at all, but the stability of the whole system proves that this is a highly organised structure, its operation is mutual cooperation and competition between the various components of the based on the [6]199. in the long process of evolution, these birds Ibis rules of survival into a genetic code, and the bird in flight exercises Ibis in general Qualified peck in punishment, Ibis bird mother to the small Ibis bird strict training are the genetic code of the external appearance and supervision. The warmest place in the story is that through Ibis bird treat different attitude of the two children, reveal and Ibis bird, people and natural right along, bad boy to the Ibis bird sneer symbol is the human centre doctrine of animals and natural arrogance and contempt, good boy Pete "mock animal is represented by a sin" is people to achieve and harmonious coexistence of all things the proper attitude, is a good reader of ecological education for children. Andersen's works have a lot to the natural world for the protagonist's fairy tale, in addition to the above works and the toad "story" thistle "a pod in the five grains beans" the elder tree his mother ", if only to understand the metaphors will be of Andersen's fairy tales value threshold, but also to the non human center doctrine of misunderstanding.
Two, city of desire elegy.
In the middle of the nineteenth Century, the first industrial revolution had expanded from Britain to the continent of Europe, and the system of capitalism had been established in succession in. Along with the industrialization and urbanization. On the one hand to bring abundance of material goods, convenient life, but also bring large emissions of carbon dioxide, freon, carbon monoxide and other toxic gases, air is seriously polluted. With the development of the industry to increase and urbanization expansion, but also makes a number of plants and animals endangered or extinct, the destruction of biological chain, causing ecological crisis. Ecological theologian Moore Terman has admitted: "the ecological crisis of the modern world is from the beginning of the modern industrial countries." [7]31 and capitalism to profit on the desire for their spiritual essence, the desire as a driving force to promote the development and progress of mankind, however in natural finite, Limited earth in pursuit of unlimited expansion of desire, mankind will inevitably pay a heavy ecological price. Today, the lack of ecological consciousness supervision of industrial and technological development have suffered the consequences of human ecological deterioration.
The Dryad, the heroine, is a chestnut tree elves, originally grows in the country freely, fresh air and sunshine and rain to nourish, accompanied by birds, priests, and children, but she is longing for Paris of the prosperity of the world, to life at the expense of change to visit the exhibition in Paris a chance, final like a soap bubble, the breakdown of the die. The story background is in a steam engine can drive trains, boats and flying the general advance of "fairy tale" era, the Mars square in Paris is a industrial and artistic "Aladdin's Palace", the exhibition is the world of the new industrial and technological achievements. For the miracle of the modern industry and science and technology, the author does not mean tone to describe the science, technology and industry and brought about the flourishing wonderful scenery. In the new age of the goddess
"The fairy tale of my life" is also on modern science and technology, the invention of the machine industry "no blood master" praise. Chestnut essence through in this seat by numerous iron and steel, gas pipes and telegraph wire net the intermingling of modern city, although she saw the from all over the world fish, flowers, see the magnificent building, soft carpet, dress costumes woman, lively dance, but all this with the advent of the day is fleeting. Story in Paris is the symbol of the city after the industrial revolution, "progress", "downtown", but has been seriously polluted, chestnut is "the plant is soot, smoke and the city is all enough to deadly smell kill the, uprooted trees" alternatives. Chestnut extract demise is from expanding inner desire, the story of her desire to expansion of the process, from the countryside to the Paris Square, from fixed tree house to walk in Paris, did not meet the desire, when she will Jedi locks the door to her tree house and throw away the key, has been doomed her tragic ending. At the same time, the author set up a country girl Mary corresponds to and chestnut fine. She carries her to Paris a lady of her dreams do eventually become poor prostitutes. Andersen sighed in the article: "God gives you a place to give birth to a root, but your request and desire but make you pull out your root. Poor Dryad ah, prompting you to perish!" [8]226 city is a place where the old priest said, "let a person be hurt". The surface is full is praise on scientific and technological progress and civilization of the city, the essence but with chestnut essence and the little girl suffered denies this is the era of "fairy tale", and predicted the human to the rapid development of science and technology and industrial production, a spin off of the nature with his close and harmonious relationship, the poetic existence would not return. In the industrialization and high technology has long been a human with the earth will destroy the great and terrible power of the N today, had to marvel at the Andersen in the fairy tale era of the discordant sound is how valuable.
"The evil Prince" is a desire to expand the expansion of the terrible outcome of the fable. The prince in the story in the conquest of the world also delusion to conquer God, but was eventually conquered by the God sent to the little gnats. Prince's desire can be said is a symbol of human desire for unlimited expansion to the extreme, although he to advanced science and technology as the basis, created to fly in the air and sent thousands of rounds of ammunition ships, made of steel, lightning, can be a huge army with God, but he was unable to overcome God fortress. Advanced technology, which is the endless desire if kidnapped, bring people only creatures of misery, self destruction. In today's human desire to meet the unlimited desire to create a "growth habit of culture", followed by the growth of no limit and economic priority development model. But the earth is limited, and its ability to withstand human activities is limited. Has successfully predicted oil crisis, climate warming, environmental pioneer organization the club of Rome had to the warning: "if the world population, industrialization, pollution, food production, and resource consumption according to current growth trends remain unchanged, on the planet's economic growth will in the next hundred years a time limit is reached. [9]12 historian Arnold Toynbee, who also once pointed out: "in the way of life in the so-called developed countries, greed is by praise as a virtue, but I believe that in the allowed greed ridden society, the future is no hope. No homemade greed will lead to suicide." [10] (57) so when people are still wantonly worship with Faust Wai great boldness of vision of reclamation of land from the sea and the great strength of the mid-19th century, Andersen was with the demise of the Dryad expressed their deep misgivings. He carefully doubts behind is a basic consensus in our today's environmental philosophy, while it is important to the development and progress of science and technology to human beings, but if the lack of ecological thinking, can not let life dwelling, it brings people will eventually be more grave disaster.
Three, the wilderness of poetic dwelling.
Happened in Western Philosophy in the wilderness to today, wilderness "by human interference minimum or not by the multiple value of the development of geographical and ecological systems" [11]107 been accepted by more and more people, the bear the brunt of the should be: "wilderness is in the phenomenal world we could experience to the life of the original foundation, is the most original life power." [12]242 because it is an important place to cultivate people's sense of natural ecology and study the process of natural ecology, and also is an important description object of ecological writers. As the tourism bath refreshing, make the youth replies Medea beverage of Hans Christian Andersen, of nature and of the moor rather love, in his biography "my fairy tale life" has repeatedly referred to the concerns of wilderness in the travel. The summer of 1830, when he went to Jutland Island Travel wrote: "the summer travel can bring to my life, what, or my heart will therefore have what kind of change, and no heart number. I just want to see a special wilderness, possibly encountered Gypsies in family there." [13]851840 he second to Italy travel also mentioned the "I browse the beautiful scenery of the hormone Stein, to see the scrubby heath and bog." [13]226 Hans Christian Andersen's "the Marsh King's daughter" had of the marshes in North Jutland, Denmark had painted the image, it is a by a human drainage stem into farmland or site of the wilderness of the world, the original land. The story of the heroine Heerga is Egyptian princess to save his dying father, fly to swamps in northern Europe for lotus swamp and Marsh King gave birth to daughter, badger bird to give the pirate's wife brought up, due to the Heerga was cast a spell, the day is cruel and ferocious woman beautiful evening it becomes ugly gentle kind of toad. Heerga in Christ the priest to help runaway process by the conversion to God, curse be lifted become a beautiful gentle pious girl, after successfully rescued the mother picked lotus and fly back to Egypt, to bring the king back from the dead. The religious implication of the story goes without saying, and the relationship between the human and the wilderness of the swamp can not be ignored. Heerga is the identity of the Marsh King's daughter, imply that human is the child of earth of the wilderness, not tending to the wilderness of the earth to support no human birth and survival of profound meaning.
Egyptian Princess and king was saved requires both devotion to God, also need to return to the primitive human to comprehend life the true meaning. From the point of view of a historical atlas of life on earth, "the wilderness is the root of our life, our antecedents. It will also be a where we belong."
The story of dune is to the reader that in the eyes of the Hans Christian Andersen, far from the madding crowd, return to the wilderness, pristine, minimize the disturbance of the natural life is the most poetic, closest to the dwelling of God. Hero of the story Yuergen, descendants of the Spanish aristocracy, because the ship to parents buried at the bottom of the sea, himself, was living in coastal dunes, fisherman couple adoption grew up. The house where he grew up is composed of sand dunes, wasteland, marsh, bay Danish urangan area, sandstorm, snow hit to the ship breaking for are buried, people mainly rely on fishing for a living. When he was a sailor, he went to the big cities of the south, he saw the big city: "the house is so big, the streets are so narrow, how crowded it is."! Some people crowded toward the side, some people down there crowded --- just like citizens and farmers, monks and soldiers formed a large cellular - cries and shouts, donkeys and mules bells and church bells mixed group; singing and drumming, wood sound and beat the sound, the formation of chaos worse worse, because each industry craft factory is in the consciousness of the door or order. The sun so hot, the air is so boring, people seem to be into a crowded with buzzing beetles, beetles, bees and flies the stove. "
Although he had been wronged in the sand dunes and did not allow him to go to the land of the south of the great city of life from the change to the father. To calm and friendly, desolate plain dune Skagen, he fell in love with the owner's daughter Clara, later in a boat to in order to save the drowning Clara knocked into an idiot, eventually and his beloved girl is buried in sand in the church. Perhaps the great cities of the South have the delicious fruit, red pomegranate flowers, carved marble mansion, vast wealth, but Yuergen chose cold desolate sand dunes of the North's simple life, where there are the best air, sea to fly back to the swan, with Heather elderflower and linden flowers beautiful summer. Although there is a sand dune, wasteland, the composition of the swamp wilderness world, but that Yuergen are not material desires of slavery, close to nature, simple, primitive life get the Hans Christian Andersen great affirmation, in at the end of the story he told the Church of the holy become "Yuergen" the graveyard tower become Yuergen nice headstone, cemetery on long with the Hawthorn and rose tree.
This is he can think of the best outcome for believing Christian Andersen. Maybe Yuergen dunes life is like Thoreau's Walden Pond of a cabin, is accustomed to the comfort and convenience of modern people difficult to match the poetic Utopia, but restrain desire the simple life, ecological tourism feel wilderness charm is a ski and balancing act, but also our personal and effective way in the ecological crisis era practice of environmental protection.
So in the current ecological crisis is getting worse and worse, ecological education to grasp from the children, to guide the children love and respect for all life, close to nature, understanding the ecological processes, environmental protection, simple life, in order to enable them to eventually assume human beings should take the ecological responsibility. Hans Christian Andersen's use of colloquial language of children, beautiful fantasy created a lush life world, where there are plenty of rich Nordic features of beautiful flowers and trees, birds, insects, fish, he used vivid style interpretation of their comfortable life ups and downs, happiness and sorrow, which is full of simple and abundant ecological thought is the valuable resource of ecological education for children.
Reference
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