1 福建省高速公路服务区经营现状分析
1 Fujian province expressway service area management status analysis
1.1 经营管理的现状
The present situation of 1.1 management
(1)经营管理的概况。1997年12月15日,福建省第一条高速公路厦高速公路正式通车,通车里程81.4公里,只有一个服务区。随着高速公路建设的不断发展到2009年底,全省高速公路通车里程达2000多公里,建成服务(停车)区达50对,已建的50对服务(停车)区占地面积5000亩,面积最大的服务区为天福服务区为2000亩,最小的停车区为云淡停车区面积为20亩,平均面积为100亩,总投资额19.34亿,两对服务(停车)区间的平均距离约为37公里。
(1) of management. In December 15, 1997, the first in Fujian province highway Xiamen Expressway opened to traffic, traffic mileage of 81.4 kilometers, there is only one service area. With the continuous development of highway construction by the end of 2009, the province's highway mileage of 2000 kilometers, built service (parking) zone up to 50 to 50, has been built to service (Park) district covers an area of 5000 acres, the largest area of Tianfu service area service area of 2000 acres, the smallest of the parking area for cloud light the parking area is 20 mu, the average area of 100 mu, a total investment of 1934000000, two of the service (stop) the average distance of about 37 km interval.
(2)经营管理的模式。一种是根据“谁投资谁管理”的原则,由高速公路业主或者承建商全权负责建设运营,如沈海线福泉段、泉厦段、厦漳段等;一种是采取成立合营公司的合作投资经营模式,由高速公路业主单位分别委托所属开发公司或其它子公司联合中石化福建石油分公司按一定股比出资联合成立合营公司,负责所属路段服务(停车)区的投资建设经营管理,并按合同将前期道路“三通一平”费用以租赁费形式逐年返还给高速公路业主,主要有漳诏段、福宁段,京福福建段、莆南段、龙长段。在具体经营方式上则以对外承包经营为主,自营项目为辅。
(2) management model. One is based on the "who investment management" principle, by the owners or contractors responsible for highway construction and operation, such as the sea line, Shen Fuquan sections of Quan Xia period, Xiamen Zhangzhou section; one is to take the cooperation mode of investment operation of the establishment of the company, by the highway owners units were commissioned which developed by the company or any other a subsidiary of Sinopec Fujian company jointly funded joint according to certain shares than the establishment of the company, responsible for road service (parking) investment and construction management area, and according to the contract will be pre road "three links one ping" fee to lease fees form year after year returned to the expressway owner, mainly in Funing Zhangzhao segment, segment the Beijing Fuzhou, Fujian section, Pu Nan Duan, long long. In the specific mode of operation is based on foreign contracted project management mainly, supplemented by self.
1.2 经营管理的分析
Analysis of 1.2 management
(1)功能设施基本一致、潜在效益挖掘不深。一方面是省内大多数服务区对闲置空地不开发,各个服务区功能单一,项目简单,经营范围基本相同,除加油站、餐饮、超市外,很少开发其它的服务项目。另一方面是各服务区的设置功能和经营业务一致,但采购、销售以及人员、设施上又各自为政,加上部分高速公路上的服务区选址和间距不合理等,都造成人财物配置的极大浪费。
(1) facilities are basically consistent, the potential benefits of mining deep. Hand is the province most service area not development of idle land, the function of each service area single, simple project, the scope of business is basically the same, except for the gas station, restaurant, supermarket, seldom develop other services. On the other hand is the service area of the set functions and business uniform, but the procurement, sales, personnel, facilities and act of one's own free will, and location and spacing on the part of highway service area is not reasonable, have made tremendous waste of adult property configuration.
(2)管理人员仍需充实,整体素质有待提高。每个服务区只配备1-2名管理人员,从事管理的人员太少,缺乏高素质的专业管理人员;经营管理人员的素质相对较低,对经营项目的认知程度不够,经营缺乏自主性和灵活性;制度虽多,但约束性差,效率不高,特别是缺乏良好的激励制度,不能充分发挥员工的主观能动性,很多时候不能正确理解和自觉执行公司的经营管理制度,致使工作差错率偏高。造成服务区管理人员缺乏的其他原因还在于,服务区与征费所相比,职级和收入待遇等方面的差距;服务区的管理水平难以尽快提高,也就难以创造良好的社会效益和经济效益。
(2) managers still need to enrich, to improve overall quality. Each service area is only equipped with 1-2 managers, engaged in too few management personnel, the lack of high-quality professional management staff; management personnel quality is relatively low, the cognitive degree on the operation of the project is not enough, the management is lack of independence and flexibility; although the system constraints, but poor, efficiency is not high, especially the lack of a good incentive system, can not give full play to the initiative of employees, many times can we correctly understand and consciously implement the company management system, resulting in the high rate of work mistake. Other reasons causing the service area management lacks lies in the service area, and levy the aspect compared, rank and income benefits gap; service area management level to improve as soon as possible, it is difficult to create a good social and economic benefits.
(3)经营地位实际垄断,性价比例整体偏低。高速公路服务区内的餐饮、住宿、购物、通信、加油、汽车修理等经营项目大都采用承包经营方式,由于司乘人员上了高速公路以后,只能在服务区内加油、就餐和消费,服务区内的经营单位实际处于垄断地位,存有“卖啥买啥”、“供啥吃啥”的独家买卖观念上,思想上没有从“关注顾客需求”的焦点上,抓管理、搞经营、提质量、上水平。经营上的随意性,违背了市场规律,障碍了服务区的发展。服务区内商品的价格高于市场,而服务质量却低于普通经营场所的事实降低了司乘人员的满意度,使其主观上尽量减少在服务区的消费行为。
(3) the actual operation status of monopoly, the overall low price cases. In expressway service area catering, accommodation, shopping, communication, gas, automotive repair and other business projects mostly adopt contracting method, since the company by personnel on the expressway, only gas, in the service area dining and consumption, the actual business units within the service area in a monopoly position, there are "sell what what to buy.", "for what eat what" exclusive sale idea, thought not from "focus on customer needs", grasping management, engage in business, raised the quality and level. Management of the arbitrariness, contrary to the laws of the market, the obstacles to the development of the service area. The service area of commodity price higher than the market, while the service quality is lower than that of the ordinary business premises fact reduces the passengers satisfaction, so that consumer behavior in service area to minimize the subjective.
Development of expressway service area 2 view of the Hercynian construction
就服务区发展论服务区发展,其前景和规模都是有限的,跳出服务区,从更大的视野审视服务区的发展问题,更有助于服务区的发展,要在竞争中获胜,不仅仅是与时俱进,更要有前瞻性。笔者认为,随着海西经济的快速发展,海西路网密度的加大,高速公路服务区的功能、定位和经营模式也将发生相应调整。
Service area service area development theory of development, its prospect and the scale is limited, out of service area, service area development problem to examine from the larger perspective, the more help to the development of service area, to win in the competition, not only to keep pace with the times, more must be forward-looking. The author thinks that, with the rapid development of Hercynian economic increase, Hai Xi Lu network density, function, orientation and management mode of expressway service area will also be adjusted accordingly.
(1)由休息功能向休闲功能转变,经营范围更加丰富。无可否认,人们选择高速公路出行的主要目的是尽快抵达目的地。但随着人们对生活质量要求的提高和自驾游的发展,司乘人员在服务区内停留的时间也将会延长。服务区内的商品质量将会大大提高,经营品种将更具个性化和地方特色,当地特有的水果、药材、工艺品等将成为服务区销售重点。服务区内餐饮服务将会更加丰富,具有当地特色美食、小吃将成为经营重点,连锁经营的中高档餐馆将在服务区内涌现,满足一些自驾游和高端商务人士需求;服务区也将为地方经济和旅游提供宣传服务,起到旅游推广作用。
(1) the transition from rest function to the leisure function, the business scope is more abundant. There is no denying the fact, people choose to travel the main purpose of expressway is arrived at the destination as soon as possible. But along with the people of the quality of life for the improvement and development of self driving tour, drivers and passengers to stay in the service area of the time will be extended. The quality of the goods will be within the service area is greatly improved, operating varieties will be more personalized and local characteristics, the unique local fruits, herbs, and other crafts will be the focus of the service area sales. The service area catering services will be more abundant, with local characteristics, Food snacks will become operational focus, chain operation in high-end restaurants will emerge in the service area, meet some ZiJiaYou and high-end business needs; service area will also provide advocacy service for local economy and tourism, tourism promotion role play.
(2)由配套设施向物流园区转型,节点作用更加突出。现代物流行业的快速发展将改变部分服务区的经营方向。高速公路上不仅存在人流与物流的流动,还有商业流、信息流、金融流、文化流,因此,高速公路沿线适宜发展以商流、物流、信息流和资金流为标准的现代流通业。目前许多物流中转站多设在毗邻高速入口的城郊,进出该城市的货物都先经过该中心分配后再进入高速公路网络配送。这种在高速公路网络以外进行中转的物流方式无疑增加了进出高速公路的物流时间。随着现代物流业的,服务区独特的土地资源、物流区位优势和信息网络优势将使着物流配送中心逐步向高速公路服务区转移并迅速形成高速公路货运系统,使在高速公路服务区内进行物流中转成为一种发展趋势。
(2) the transformation from the supporting facilities for the logistics park, node a more prominent role. The rapid development of modern logistics industry will change the direction of the operation part of the service area. Flow and logistics flow not only exist on the highway, and business flow, information flow, financial flow, culture flow, therefore, highway suitable modern circulation industry development with the business flow, logistics, information flow and capital flow as the standard. At present, many logistics transfer station located in the adjacent suburb of high-speed entrance, and out of the city of goods are firstly passes through the center of the distribution and then enters the highway network distribution. The logistics means in highway network outside will increase the import and highway logistics time. With the development of modern logistics industry, the service area of land resources, unique location advantage and the advantage of logistics information network will make the logistics distribution center gradually to the expressway service area transfer and the rapid formation of highway freight system, made in the expressway service area logistics transit into a trend.
(3)由垄断经营向连锁经营转变,服务品牌更加普及。一方面,随着我国汽车拥有量不断增加,高速公路的车流量不断上涨,驶入服务区的车和人在不断增加;另一方面,人们对单一功能、低性价比的现行服务区经营模式越来越不满。这种高需求水平与低服务质量的矛盾中存在着无限商机,势必引发高速公路经营模式转变;连锁经营将作为改变矛盾、实现转变的一种经营模式进入高速公路服务区。可以预见,一些连锁经营经济型酒店、连锁经营餐饮店和连锁经营休闲娱乐品牌,将陆续进驻高速公路服务区,加快服务区品牌化建设步伐,提高服务区的服务质量和形象。
(3) from monopoly to chain management changes, service brand more popular. On the one hand, as China's car ownership is increasing, highway traffic rising, into the service area of cars and people on the increase; on the other hand, more and more business model current service area people for the single function, low price more unhappy. There are unlimited business opportunities this contradiction between high levels of demand and low quality of service, it is bound to trigger a change in the expressway management mode; chain operation as change the contradiction, a business model to realize the transformation into the expressway service area. Can foreknow, some chain operation, chain operation Econo Hotel, restaurants and leisure entertainment brand chain operations, will be in service area of expressway service area, to speed up the pace of brand construction, improve service quality and image of the service area.
3 正确把握海西建设历史机遇的思考
Thoughts on the construction of 3 correctly grasp the historical opportunity of Haixi
国务院支持福建海西建设《若干意见》的出台,为福建省高速公路发展提供了极为难得的机遇,福建经济的快速发展,必将为高速公路公路带来持续稳定增长的交通能够流,这也必将为我省高速公路服务区发展提供更加广阔的空间。
Fujian Haixi construction "several opinions of the State Council issued" support, for the Fujian province expressway development provides a very rare opportunity, Fujian's rapid economic development, will bring about sustained and stable growth of the traffic can flow into the highway, it also provides a broader space for development will service area of highway in our province.
3.1 确保企业持续稳定发展必须制定科学的经营发展规划
3.1 to ensure the sustainable and stable development of business enterprises must formulate scientific development plan
战略规划对公司的发展至关重要,对资源型企业而言,尤为重要。在资源越用越少的情况下,如何保持企业的持续增长,的确是必须面对和思考的课题。公司的核心业务是服务区的经营,如何充分利用服务区各种资源创造最大收益是业务发展的重中之重,对此应有清醒的认识。
Strategic planning is crucial to the development of the company, for resource type enterprise is concerned, it is particularly important. In the resource becomes less the case, how to maintain sustained growth of enterprises, is indeed must face and thinking subject. The company's core business is the service area of the business, how to make full use of various resources to create maximum benefit for the service area is the priority among priorities of business development, to this due and sober understanding.
(1)科学确定服务区的经营模式。高速公路服务区的经营应该采用自营与加盟连锁经营(对外承包)相结合的方式。这种方式有两个层面的含义:一是服务区所有项目整体外包,二是服务区主营业务由公司经营,一些较难控制的项目(如汽修等)外包经营。根据海西高速公路网规划,全省将有112对服务区,这些服务区全部由公司投资经营是不现实的。因此,可取的方式是选取条件较好的服务区自营,其余的对外承包经营。而对于外包经营的服务区,可以按照一体化管理的要求,统一品牌和标识、统一服务标准、统一外在形象,充分利用社会资源,维护公司整体形象,减少公司投资风险。
(1) the science to determine the service area management mode. Service area of freeway management should use self-supporting and franchising business (the way of the combination of foreign contract). This approach has two meanings: one is the overall outsourcing service area for all projects, two is the service area of main business operated by the company, some of the more difficult to control projects (such as auto repair etc.) outsourcing. According to the Hercynian highway network planning, the province will have 112 of the service area, service area all these investment companies by the business is not realistic. Therefore, desirable way is to select the conditions for its own good service, foreign contracting the rest. As for the outsourcing service area, according to integrated management requirements, unified brand and logo, uniform service standards, unified external image, make full use of social resources, maintain the overall image of the company, reduce the company's investment risk.