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Deng Xiaoping's contribution to the popularization of Marx

时间:2015-10-16 来源:未知 编辑:梦想论文 阅读:
Deng Xiaoping is the chief architect of China's reform and opening up and the modern construction. Deng Xiaoping in the new period of reform and opening up, to promote the popularization of the Marx doctrine has made a historic contribution.
 
One, to uphold the emancipation of the mind and seek truth from facts, in order to promote the popularization of the Marx doctrine laid an important ideological basis
 
After the "Cultural Revolution", according to some people to the wrong attitude, the doctrine of Mao Zedong's ideas and vulgar attitude, in April 1977, Deng Xiaoping wrote to the Party Central Committee, clearly pointed out: "we must be from generation to generation to guide our party, army and the whole party, army and the national people, the cause of the party and socialism, the cause of the international communist movement, the victory of the.[1]
 
According to the "two whatevers" error and harm, Deng Xiaoping give resolutely refuted, he pointed out that the "two whatevers" does not accord with Marxism. [2] "two all" to the Mao Zedong thought absolute, the doctrine, made the thinking method on the metaphysics error. He pointed out, "a person who speaks of each sentence is right, a person is absolutely right, without this thing".[3]
 
Mao Zedong thought is a scientific system, to complete and accurate understanding, can not out of context, how can the catch word or two, one or two points, one-sided propaganda?? " [4] "what would we do now? If it was just what Mao Zedong had to say. Marx's development!" Deng Xiaoping's criticism of the "two general", in fact, reflects the attitude of the party to the Marx doctrine, and gradually lead to an ideological emancipation movement.
 
In May 11, 1978, the "Guangming Daily" published "practice is the sole criterion for testing truth" article, set off a discussion on the question of the truth standard. Deng Xiaoping's strong support for this big discussion, he pointed out: "the debate over the standard of truth is indeed an ideological line, is a political issue, is related to the party and the country's future and destiny". "This argument is very necessary,".[6]
 
It can be said that the discussion on the criterion of truth is a great Marxism education movement, not only to enhance the people's correct understanding of Marxism, and to further publicize and popularize Marxism laid the ideological foundation, it is the people from the dogmatism, bookishness caused by rigid state of liberation, for the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the party held to create the conditions. On December 13, 1978, in the central working conference at the closing session, Deng Xiaoping made a "emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, looking ahead in unity" of the speech, he stressed: only by emancipating the mind, persist in seeking truth from facts, all from the reality, theory with reality, our socialist modernization construction can be carried out smoothly, our Party of Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought also to the smooth development of the. A party, a country, a nation, if everything from books, rigid thinking, superstition prevailed, that it can not move forward, its life will cease, wangdangwangguo. This speech is actually the theme of the Third Plenary Session of the eleven report, it opened a new historical journey of the Marx doctrine. In the 1979 March the party's theoretical work retreats, Deng Xiaoping said: emancipating the mind, is to the basic principle of the use of Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, study new situations and solve new problems.
 
In the central work conference in the end of 1980 12, Deng Xiaoping pointed out: the idea of liberation, is to make the thought and the actual situation, so that the subjective and objective, is to seek truth from facts. In the future, we must continue to emancipate our mind when we want to be realistic in all work. At the beginning of the south in the beginning of 1992, Deng Xiaoping again stressed: "seeking truth from facts is the essence of Marx. To promote this, do not advocate the bookishness ". Emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts is a prerequisite for enlightenment theory development and people's sleep, the party and the masses of the people's ideas become more fit, for Marxism deep among the masses of the people, the people of the public service, laid the ideological foundation of good.
 
Two, adhere to the main position of the people, in order to promote the popularization of the Marx doctrine has laid an important foundation for the masses
 
Materialist view of history, historical activity is the cause of the masses, the decision of the historical development of the action of the masses. [10]
 
Deng Xiaoping has always put the people as the main force of the creation and development of scientific theory. Deng Xiaoping knows that the scientific theory is not from the mind of a saint or a prophet, but from a scientific summary of the experience of the people. In November 1987, he was talking about the characteristics of the 13 points out, we are now doing a new career, Marx did not say that we have not done before, other socialist countries have not done, so there is no ready-made experience to learn. We can only do the middle school, in the practice of exploration. To continue to sum up experience, listen more to the views of the people. [11]
 
In 1992, he said in the "South Talk" to the rural reform is quite representative: "the rural household contract, the right to the invention of the farmers. A lot of things in the rural reform are created by the grassroots, we take it as a guide to improve the national guide.[12]
 
In the process of promoting the popularization of Marx, he respect the people's pioneering spirit, sum up the experience of the people, give full play to the wisdom and strength of all walks of life, through practice, cognition, and then practice again, and promptly put these new experiences and new understanding to the height of the theory, and the people in the promotion and promotion, the main role of the people. Always put the people as the main object of scientific theory education.
 
As a politician, Deng Xiaoping is very clear, the theory is to grasp the masses can be transformed into a huge material force, for this he asked, at all levels of leading cadres and theoretical workers, all involved in ideological work, in the process of propaganda and popularization of Marx, should carry out research, to understand the theory needs, and strive to make their own ideas and language expression close to the reality, he criticized those who are divorced from the practice of the practice, such as learning theory, learning to learn, is not practical, the results are tired."
 
He asked, theory of cultural workers should go deep into the masses of the people, responsible to the people and strive to contribute to the people the best nourishment for the mind. "On the ideological and theoretical front soldiers, should be the engineer of the human soul," "should hold aloft the banner of Marxism, socialist banner, with their own articles, works, teaching and learning, lectures, performances, educate and guide the correct attitude towards history, understanding of reality and believe in socialism and the party's leadership, encouraging people to strive to excel, truly ideals, morality, culture, discipline, for the cause of socialist modernization Wei Dazhuang beautiful and heroic struggle."
 
Always put the people as the scientific theory, to carry out self education rely on force. In the early period of Baise, Guangxi and Ruijin in Jiangxi Soviet Area, Deng Xiaoping explored forms loved by the masses of the people, such as publication, education, blackboard, folk songs, poetry, drama, dance, slogans, painting, lectures and other forms of culture, propaganda and revolutionary truth. In the new period of reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping insisted on these fine traditions, pay attention to the promotion of people's scientific theory, self education, self learning, self advocacy, self appreciation of the initiative of the initiative. He asked the party committees and governments at all levels, to give full play to the grass-roots mass organizations, grassroots cultural theory backbone role, it is necessary to make full use of vivid forms, such as novels, poems, plays, films, folk art, report literature, music, dance, photography, art promotion of scientific theories and inspire people to unite as one modern well.
 
Three, adhere to the development of the times and the needs of the practice process, in order to promote the popularization of the Marx doctrine has laid an important practical basis
 
To focus on the development of the times, and to further promote the popularization of the Marx doctrine. Deng Xiaoping believes that promoting the popularization of the Marx doctrine should closely follow the development of the times and the practice of development, to the world development situation, the trend of the times and the history of their own to tell the people. It is based on the transformation of the theme of today's world profound understanding and thinking, in the Third Plenary Session of the party's eleven, the party and the state's work center to shift to economic construction. In order to allow people to focus on the development of the economy, Deng Xiaoping made important judgments about the trend of the times:
 
"Now the world is open world" [16], "China's development cannot leave the world".[17] socialism wants to win the comparative advantage of capitalism, it must take a positive attitude to learn and absorb all outstanding achievements of human civilization, absorb and draw lessons from all countries in today's world. Driven by the new technological revolution, the economic development of some countries and regions is developing rapidly, and has become an emerging industrial countries and regions. Deng Xiaoping is keenly aware of the situation and thinks that this is a new opportunity for China's development, but also a new challenge for the Communist Party of China. Therefore, we should take economic construction as the center, implement the reform and opening up, learn and introduce foreign advanced technology and management experience, respect for knowledge, respect for talent, and seize this rare historical opportunity. It is on the basis of the correct analysis of the world situation and the correct analysis of the theme of the times, Deng Xiaoping put forward the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the theme, and in the practice of exploring the theme gradually answered, it can be said, Deng Xiaoping Marx promote the popularization of Marxism is closely related to the era of Marx.
 
Focus on exploring the essence of socialism and promoting the popularization of Marx. What is socialism and how to build socialism, Deng Xiaoping said? The understanding of this problem is not very clear. Since it is not clear, we should call on the people to carry out in-depth exploration. In order to understand "what is socialism, how to build socialism", he asked the people liberated from the Marx doctrine erroneous and dogmatic understanding, liberated from the fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics, figuring out what is the basic principle and method of the Marx doctrine, which is the Marx doctrine discussed aiming at problems what is the specific issue, the Marx doctrine has been out of date, which is the successor to the Marx doctrine of development, which is a distorted understanding of the Marx doctrine, which is attached to Marx's name wrong arguments, this is a major political issue, is the relationship between the party and the country's future and the fate of the problem. From the proposition of "building socialism with Chinese characteristics", he continued to explore and think, in many times, he pointed out that Marx's most attention to the development of productive forces. In the final analysis, the superiority of socialism is reflected in the development of its productive forces faster than the development of capitalism.
 
Poverty is not socialism, socialism is to eliminate poverty. Socialism is not poor, but rich. In 1992, in the South conversation, clearly pointed out that the essence of socialism is to liberate and develop social productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization, and finally achieve common prosperity. At the same time, it is said that only the two civilizations are a good job of socialism with Chinese characteristics, etc.. It can be said that Deng Xiaoping's popularization of the Marx doctrine, which is closely integrated with the exploration of the essence of socialism.
 
Focus on promoting the application of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new practice, and further promote the popularization of the Marx doctrine. Deng Xiaoping believes that the essence of Marx's popularization is to publicize and popularize the latest achievements of Marx's China. Deng Xiaoping's "take central file with the masses to meet directly, the central spirit really received a household name, Poyi doll know."
The 14th National Congress of the party explicitly requested by the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics to armed cadres and the masses, with the standpoint, view and method of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics to think and solve practical problems. Vigorously promote party in the primary stage of socialism, the basic theory of the basic line, vigorously develop education, science and culture, and constantly improve the people's ideological and moral qualities and scientific and cultural level of the, should be closely combined with the actual production and life of the masses, and vigorously promote the party's policy of enriching the people, the rich Gongfu propaganda to the people there, into a conscious action.
 
Four, adhere to the fundamental interests of the people, to promote the popularization of the Marx doctrine has laid an important foundation
 
Always concerned about the economic interests of the people. Interest is the fundamental motive and motive force for people to engage in activities. People's attitude to the theory, and this theory with their interests closely linked to the extent that the people can not get benefits from the reform and development, it is not possible to make Marx doctrine into the masses of the people's conscious and conscious action.
 
Deng Xiaoping said: "the socialist always want to make people's life gradually improved, the people's income continues to increase." "Do not pay attention to the material interests, to a small number of advanced elements can, for the majority of people, for a period of time can not be long." [20] the party only closely rely on the masses, closely linked to the masses, at any time to listen to the voice of the masses, to understand the feelings of the masses, on behalf of the interests of the masses, to form a powerful force to successfully complete their tasks.[21]
 
In 1992, in the "southern talk" clearly said: do not adhere to socialism, not reform and opening up, develop the economy, improving people's life, can only be a dead end. The basic line of the one hundred years, the shake. Only by adhering to the line, people will believe you, support you. Judging whether the standard of reform and opening up is mainly to see whether it is conducive to the development of socialist productive forces, whether it is conducive to enhancing the comprehensive national strength of the socialist state, whether it is conducive to improving the living standards of the people. Deng Xiaoping's deep concern over the people's interests, and solve the problem of the great thought of the people's interests in the long term, the Marx doctrine popular to a new realm. Pay close attention to the political interests of the people. Since the reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping has attached great importance to the realization of the political interests of the people, and constantly strengthen the democratic construction, expand the scope and level of democratic elections, and try to implement the political participation of the people. Deng Xiaoping believes that the key to the success of the socialist cause lies in the people's participation. "To consult with the people".
 
In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of the political participation of the masses, in the vast rural implementation of villager autonomy, in factories and enterprises established a general Congress, apply the publicity of factory affairs, play the role of the masses in the democratic management and democratic supervision. Such as the people's jury system, hearing system, hire discipline supervisors, allows people's letters and visits etc.; at the same time to speed up the reform of the political system, such as reforming the system of Party and state leadership, and constantly improve the people's Congress system, the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system, regional homemade system, grassroots autonomous system, for the development of more extensive, full and healthy people's democracy, the political interests of the people has made unremitting efforts. Deng Xiaoping's concern for the people's political interests has greatly aroused the enthusiasm of people to promote scientific theory.
 
Pay close attention to people's cultural interests. Deng Xiaoping believes that the theory to adapt to the needs of people is an important aspect to promote the ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural level. He said: "we want to build a socialist country, not only to have a high degree of material civilization, but also to have a high degree of spiritual civilization. The so-called spiritual civilization not only referred to the education, science, culture, but also refers to the ideology ideals and beliefs and moral discipline revolutionary standpoint and principles, and comradely relations, and so on. He pointed to some places in the hard and soft of said to adhere to both hands, both hands to hard, two civilization are doing a good job, is socialism with Chinese characteristics.
 
The value of the theory lies in the scientific response to the concerns of the people. In the process of promoting the popularization of Marxism, Deng Xiaoping's masses ideological and cultural reality, around issues of concern to the masses, given to dispel misunderstanding. After the reform and opening up, especially after the drastic changes in the Soviet Union at home and abroad on the Marx doctrine and the socialist suspect or even negative thoughts, Deng Xiaoping firmly said: I believe that the world in favor of the Marx doctrine will be more, because Marx is a science." , "some countries appear serious twists and turns, the socialist seems to be weakened, but the people have been tempered, draw lessons from, will promote the socialist toward a more healthy direction. So don't panic, don't think that Marx is gone, it's gone, it's gone!" Continue to respond to the concerns of the masses, get through people's minds, so that Deng Xiaoping's theory is more popular.
 
Five, adhere to the popular, artistic, emotional theory of the style, to promote the popularization of the Marx doctrine laid an important foundation for art
 
Easy to understand, be lively and vivid language style. Deng Xiaoping is a great master of language, he is good at using the language of the masses of the people to express the basic theory of Marxism, his language is accurate and vivid, lively, can say is a modern and national public. He said: "we are talking about a lifetime of the Marx doctrine, the Marx doctrine in fact is not abstruse." [27]
 
Deng Xiaoping theory is the main form of speech, talk and a reporter asked, there are still some brief inscription, the form of the profound theoretical implication in popular language, easy to grasp the masses. Such as "crossing the river by feeling the stones", "poverty is not socialism", "the revolution is to liberate the productive forces, reform is to liberate the productive forces", "development is the hard truth", surnamed the 'capital' surname 'society' theory "," three benefits "," seeking truth from facts ", practice is the sole criterion for testing truth", "vigorously develop the productive forces," and so on, contains both profound thoughts, and very much in line with people's discourse habits, for the masses of the people loved, familiar, add the Chinese style, Chinese style Marxism.
 
Concise, simple and effective style of study. The pragmatic known of Deng Xiaoping, advocating concise and simple, and oppose formalism, abandoned from the actual complicated and obscure abstruse. He criticized the "conference, the article is too long, the talk is too long and duplicate content, new language not many phenomena, saying that" Marxism is very simple thing, very simple truth ", put forward" study Marxism must, to be effective. Long thing is a small number of people engaged in professional reading, the people how to read? All that is required to read book, formalism, not to do."
 Deng Xiaoping said, "fine", is refers to in studying Marxism Leninism must force to study the "quintessence". Marxist theory is broad and profound, contains a wealth of content, only from the grasp of the "essence" of, in order to highlight the key and comprehend the essence of. Deng Xiaoping said "useful", refers to the study to guide the practice, that is, to be able to stand, viewpoint and method based on the position of Marx, the right to analyze and solve practical problems in the current work.
 
The theory of feelings for people's patriotic, sincere and warm. Deng Xiaoping once said with deep feeling, I am the son of the Chinese people, I love my motherland and the people. "To our country to love, to make our country developed."
 
The creation of Deng Xiaoping theory, always reflects his love for the motherland, love the people's sincere heart. He put the people's interests up to the height of the party's line of policy, all the people in favor of disapproval, happy, promised not to agree, support does not support as a test standard for their own theory. It can be said that Deng Xiaoping's theory of books, everywhere can feel a great patriot's deep national sentiments in the surging, in the pentium. It is because of this on the country, the people 's deep a vigor of the emotions that Deng Xiaoping to proletarian revolutionist of the talent, to open the new realm of Marxism theory of courage, the creation and promotion of scientific theories, is because of the deep feelings that his theory has more attraction and appeal, easier for the general public to accept. It can be said, full of emotional theory is an important experience of promoting Marxism popularization of Marx Deng xiaoping. In short, the reform and opening up of the new era of Marx to promote the popularization of Marxism Deng Xiaoping made an indelible historical contribution, is a great example of Marx's popular.
 
[References]
 
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][15][18][20][21][23] Editorial Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of china. Deng Xiaoping anthology (second volumes) [C]. people's publishing house, 1983:39,38,38,37128143162364, 208,9146342,36.
 
[11] [12] [13] [14] [16] [17] [22] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [9]
 
[29] Editorial Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of china. Deng Xiaoping Wen (third volume) [C]. people out of the press, 1993:382258382195,40,64,78268378382383382382378.
 
[10] Central Committee of the Communist Party of china. Complete works (second volumes) of Engels Marx, the people's publishing house, 1956:104.
 
[19] the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist party. Deng Xiaoping (1975-1997) [G]. in the Central Literature Press, 2004:724.
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