0 ??
0 Introduction
?? 2015 ? 11 ?????????????????????? 51 ????????? 27?????? 24 ??????? 8 ????13 ???????????????????????? 30 GW,?????????????? 54GW,????????????????????????????????????????????????????? CPR1000 ?????????????????????? ????AP1000 ???????????????????????????????? 2023 ???????????????????????????????????????
As of November 2015, nuclear power plant has been put into operation, and Chinese has been approved in the construction of a total of 51 units, which have been put into operation in the construction of unit 27, unit 24, distributed in 8 provinces, 13 coastal nuclear power base. By the end of this year, China operation of nuclear power installed capacity of about 30 GW in operation and under construction nuclear power installed capacity will exceed near 54GW, South Korea, Russia, ranked fourth in the world, generating capacity ranked third in the world. Has been put into operation of nuclear power units mainly for the two or two generation of improved technology, a large proportion of the two generation of CPR1000 technology in China and the construction of nuclear power nuclear power group; to the third generation of AP1000 advanced passive technology by improving the engineering practice and design, will be batch development; after 2023, fourth on behalf of China's independent research and development of high temperature gas cooled reactor, fast reactor nuclear power units will be put into commercial operation.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[1].??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The experience of international energy development, nuclear power is a safe, clean, reliable energy, is the only effective alternative to fossil fuels, and can meet the demand of the large-scale energy without greenhouse gas emissions [1]. power supply after the Fukushima incident, most countries still insist on the development of nuclear power is also based on this reason. In the energy environment, as an important alternative to coal decarbonization of energy, nuclear power is an important pillar of Chinese optimize the structure of energy supply and actively respond to climate change.
????“???”???? 2020 ??????????????58 GW,??30 GW.???????? 2016 ????????????????? 6 ~8 ????????????????? 2030 ??????????
According to the national "13th Five-Year" plan, by 2020 China's nuclear power installed capacity will reach 58 GW, built in 30 GW. Chinese government has decided to start in 2016 of the thirteenth five year plan, 6 per year ~8 rate of investment to build nuclear power plants. The Chinese government has committed to the peak of carbon emissions by 2030.
??? 10 ~15 ???????????????????????????????? 60 GW ??????????????? 10 GW ??? ??? 10 ???????? .? 2030 ?????????????????????????????????????????????
The next 10 ~15 years is an important window of China's nuclear power development. According to the forecast, at least in each of the 60 new GW decarburization power installed peak before the new nuclear power is about 10 GW (equivalent to 10 million kilowatt units). By 2030, the foundation continues to maintain our nuclear power construction and safe operation of the field of international leading position on the full implementation of the construction of nuclear power to the target.
??? 2050 ??????????????????????????????????????? 2 ~ 3 TW,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 200 ~300 GW,??????? 10% ,????? 15% ~20% ??[1].
China in 2050 to enter the international advanced countries, the average level of developed countries, then China's installed power generation will reach 2 ~ 3 TW, the coal based energy structure caused by the problems of environment and resources will be unable to imagine, in order to ensure our national economy sustained and rapid development, need a scientific plan for the future of China's energy structure. Nuclear power installed capacity is expected to reach 200 ~300 GW, nuclear power accounted for about the total installed capacity of about 10%, accounting for the total power generation of about 15% [1]. ~20%
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[2].??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 31 ????????????????
Along with the inland areas to speed up economic development, future power supply and demand gap increases, the total energy consumption and per capita energy consumption will significantly improve, countries in the layout of nuclear power, nuclear power infrastructure in coastal and inland nuclear power development [2]. relevant state departments actively carry out the inland nuclear power demonstration and research work, the relevant local government attitude is also very positive. At present, more than and 10 provinces have made clear to the development of nuclear power, has completed a preliminary feasibility study report review site 31, China development of inland nuclear power to represent the general trend.
1 ????????????
1 inland nuclear power planning site selection
????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 20 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
From the current situation and development trend of nuclear power plant construction at home and abroad, the development of inland nuclear power is inevitable, nuclear power has entered a period of rapid development. So far, the country has more than and 20 provinces have carried out the nuclear power plant siting, from coastal to inland, the site has dramatically increased the number and the location problem of nuclear power plant is facing increasingly complex.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”????????????????????????????
People in the development of nuclear power, but also pay more attention to the safety of nuclear power. Regulations and standards in nuclear power design and nuclear safety regulators are closely tracking abroad, perfecting the regulations of nuclear power standard system combined with national conditions, to nuclear power plant siting, design, construction, from the operation and decommissioning the entire process is safe and reliable. From the legislative level, in order to change the status quo of China's nuclear power long term "vacancy", the state is making a sound system of laws and regulations and ensuring the healthy development of nuclear power.
??
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Nuclear power development, nuclear safety must be placed in the first place. The construction of inland nuclear power projects related to nuclear power plant site selection is beneficial to the people's livelihood, the first step in the construction of nuclear power, one of the most important steps. Site selection should not only stand in the interests of the whole height of the tradeoff, without putting too much restriction site balance protected, and no benefits to people's life and local economic development. Because once the site should enter the site to determine the protection, in the restricted area within the scope of population and industrial aspects of further development. The necessary co-ordination is needed, in order to promote the healthy development of inland nuclear power safety, to ensure national scientific and decision-making, and should carry out in-depth work on a good site, avoid all sites are human and material inputs and waste.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[4].
The coastal and inland nuclear power plant safety level differences in the impact is not big, but the inland nuclear power plant siting faces in terms of environmental impact factors of the problem is much more complicated than in coastal areas. Should according to the characteristics of the inland areas of natural and social environment, based on comprehensive analysis of safety impact, environmental impact and implementation of emergency plan feasibility and other factors, reasonable to carry out site planning, investigation and evaluation of [4]., factors which should pay special attention to effects of inland nuclear power plant on the environment
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[5].?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Nuclear power development is related to national economic development and people's life, more and more attention to look after the Fukushima nuclear accident in fact focused on inland nuclear electric surge, but also triggered a new anxiety [5]. China attaches great importance to nuclear power development policy has experienced the change process of moderate development, accelerate the development, positive development, efficient development safety. We need to think about the issue of nuclear power on the basis of the development of two aspects:
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
One is how to in the construction of nuclear power nuclear power plant early scientific planning selection and determine the appropriate technology, while ensuring the safe operation of nuclear power plant, the impact on the surrounding environment is minimum; two is in the "atomic energy law", "nuclear safety law" the absence of background, how to perfect the legal siting of nuclear power the decision procedure of legitimacy, as far as possible the risk of natural and social environment and avoid the nuclear power plant.
2 ?????????????
2 the impact of nuclear power plant siting on Urban Planning
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
In the future China's nuclear power plant will be both coastal and inland. The overall planning of a nuclear power plant shall be in accordance with the relevant state and local regulations on urban planning and construction, and shall be coordinated with the local urban planning. In the development of economy and power demand in accordance with the overall planning, with the construction of nuclear power plant conditions shall be approved by the inland site, included site protection, arrangement of development and construction, the first pilot to promote the implementation of land in batches, and gradually explore the experience.
2. 1 ???????????
2.1 general principles of nuclear power planning and site selection
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
In general, the nuclear power plant should meet the overall planning, and urban planning to achieve a unified, coordinated, and the implementation of the development and construction of the project will not affect people's production and life as the basic principles. Nuclear power planning and siting to deal with the development of nuclear power and social environment and other aspects of the relationship.
1? ????????????????????????????????????????????????
1 nuclear power planning should make full use of local natural environmental conditions, from the environmental characteristics of nuclear power to reflect the safety, cleanliness and coordination between the environment.
2? ?????????????????? ?????????? ,??????????????????????[6].
2) nuclear power plant to occupy part of agricultural land, forest land (but not the occupation of basic farmland), so to optimize the layout, land conservation and land occupation category [6]. attention
3? ???????????????????????????????
3 nuclear power plant construction must be done to protect and improve the ecological environment, to prevent environmental pollution and other disasters.
4? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4) location must be in the premise of ensuring the safe operation of nuclear power, development and construction should highlight the recent focus on planning, to avoid future city planning to protect the nuclear power site effect.
2. 2 ????????
2.2 ecological environmental protection
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
The problem of environmental protection is the most important problem in the construction of nuclear power plant. From the security point of view, the safety of nuclear power plant facilities must be very effective; from the clean point of view, the nuclear power plant emissions targets should be better than the thermal power plant. Only in this way can we call safe and clean energy.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????
The key problem of environmental effects of nuclear power, first from the perspective of security, related to the impact on the surrounding area residents may cause; and from a technical perspective, also relates to the technical conditions of site selection; then from the economic perspective, still relates to the site and water transport and so on, can be analyzed from the following several aspects.
1? ????????
1) requirements for the distribution of the population
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? 0. 5 km? ??????????? ,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5 km ??????????????? 10 km?50 km ?80 km ?????????????????????????????????????????
With the continuous improvement of nuclear power safety technology, nuclear power plants need to be close to the load center as far as possible, but also far away from the residential areas. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the suitability of population distribution. Meet the general requirements of nuclear power plant siting: non residential site for the coastal area of radius 0.5 km (at the lower end of the range required by the regulations, value) but some inland sites due to atmospheric diffusion conditions, non residential area radius may reach several kilometers with the same evaluation method to calculate the. The inland city is densely populated areas, a radius of 5 km for the population of the restricted area, from the three ring site radius is 10 km, 50 km and 80 km in the population distribution, population density and evaluation center city status, consider the relationship with city planning.
2? ????????
2) requirements for external events
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The social environment around the nuclear power plant should not be too complex to prevent the occurrence of fire, water flooding and intentional destruction. Some poisonous and dangerous goods production, storage and transportation facilities, such as oil refineries, pipelines and oil, liquefied gas, drug store, airports and other facilities to keep away from nuclear power plant site, take engineeringprotection measures when necessary. Civil aircraft routes, bell and nuclear power plant should maintain a certain safety distance; any new military facilities and military training airport locations are not close to the nuclear power plant site. Chemical explosion shock wave, plane crash impact and many other risk factors to safety related systems or facilities in architectural design should be fortified and redundant serial, physical isolation measures, including open at a distance.
3? ???????????
3) impact on water resources and other ecological environment
????????????????? 4 ???????????????????????????? 1. 6 ×108m3,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????[6].
Our country is currently planning the inland nuclear power plant, such as the layout of the 4 million kilowatt nuclear power plant, the two years cycle design for new water about 1.6 * 108m3, the water resources condition is the key condition, the layout of the inland nuclear power may also become disruptive factors. The river water is limited, and the residents of water and water are closely related, to take measures to solve the cooling water and low radioactive waste emissions impact on water quality, drinking and ecological concern; flood, collapse, river shipping brings to the problem of nuclear power plants; nuclear power should pay attention to solve the heavy equipment transportation mode and route choice [6].
2. 3 ?????????
2.3 public participation and communication issues
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[7].
Public participation is mainly related to the nuclear power plant construction is facing the social soft environment problems, including the public and interest groups to participate in consciousness, government policy and strategic support and international cooperation, such as [7].
1? ????????????
1) awareness of participation of the public and interest groups
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[8].
It is a matter of concern to the public and some public welfare organizations, especially the risk assessment mechanism, information exchange and management of nuclear power. At present, the core problem is the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the nuclear knowledge of the public and some public welfare organizations, and there is a great difference between the understanding of nuclear experts. Therefore, how to carry out effective propaganda and education activities for different groups, to eliminate unnecessary concerns of the public, groups or organizations of nuclear power, nuclear power industry has become a common concern of the urgent need to address a task [8].
2? ????????????
2 national technology policy guidance and support
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The operation of nuclear power plants depends on the whole set of standards to maintain and supervise, and the establishment of a series of standards in addition to their own participation in nuclear power enterprises, government regulation and support is also very necessary. In particular, such as nuclear power in the country's strategic industries, but also need to support national policy guidance and support. The development of China's nuclear power industry needs the correct guidance and scientific decision-making, which is the fundamental condition and policy guarantee for success.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Therefore, as soon as possible to determine the technical route of nuclear power development, as soon as possible to improve China's nuclear power industry standards, the preparation of nuclear power as soon as possible, in line with the project approval system, the legitimacy of the process to keep up with the program as soon as possible.
3? ???????????
3) encourage international cooperation and technological innovation
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[8].
The development of nuclear technology has a significant international characteristics, because any country's nuclear activities have a certain impact on other countries, the impact of nuclear accidents on the environment is also borderless. According to the globalization and under the new normal economic situation, adhere to the all-round opening up policy, with the world advanced technology, make full use of domestic and foreign market resources and development opportunities, the introduction of advanced technology, equipment, talent, learning advanced management concept and mechanism, by adding the fast pace of innovation, forming the core technology with independent intellectual property rights the country has its own brand, this is the hope for the construction of nuclear power [8].
3 ????????????
3 inland nuclear power station siting should pay attention to the problem
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Based on analyzing the requirements of foreign inland nuclear power safety and operation, summarize our preliminary work of the achievements and requirements of relevant laws and regulations according to the nuclear power plant siting process experience, nuclear safety and environmental protection, puts forward several problems of Chinese inland nuclear power plant site safety and environmental impact assessment should be paid attention to.
3. 1 ??????????????
3.1 revision of nuclear safety laws and regulations
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? HAF101? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? HAF102? ??????? 2004 ???????????????????????????????????????????
Because our country's nuclear power construction is located in the coastal areas, inland areas of nuclear power construction is still lack of experience. The researchers in China according to the "nuclear power plant siting safety regulations" (HAF101) related issues involved, although already in hydrogeological conditions, atmospheric dispersion, water dispersion, external human events and other aspects to carry out related research, but it's not enough. China's current "nuclear power plant design safety regulations" (HAF102) of the revised time in early 2004, more than ten years, already cannot meet the need of the current international situation and technical level, it is imminent to revise.
3. 2 ????????????????
3.2 strengthen inland nuclear power site planning, reduce blindness
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ; ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The location of nuclear power in inland areas can not only be considered from the demand of electric power, carbon dioxide emission reduction, but also the factors such as homeland security, water crisis, environmental crisis, social stability and so on. For the protection of water resources, reduce the impact of basin water resources management, should be included in the nuclear emergency response mechanism and emergency plan system (involving cross industry collaborative development); in order to protect the ecological environment, reduce the heat pollution, should carry out research on the influence of inland nuclear power plant on the regional environment and site selection and environmental safety. On the basis of this, it is necessary to define the technical route, cooling mode, cooling tower type and final heat trap of inland nuclear power plant.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
In the inland nuclear power site planning deployment, set the box or the red line, such as the capital circle, Yangtze River Basin in ecologically fragile areas and densely populated areas, national defense and economic development strategy of the core area, absolutely can not be placed in nuclear power plant, but not as a test field without the practice fully confirmed nuclear power technology. On strategic objectives, adhere to ensure safe, stable and efficient, sustainable development.
3. 3 ???????????????
3.3 strengthen environmental information disclosure and public participation
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[5].????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The development of inland nuclear power projects can not be separated from environmental information disclosure and public participation. China's nuclear power project construction unit of nuclear information disclosure and communication with the public legislation has been missing. Western developed countries in the development of inland nuclear power positive and negative aspects of the experience has shown that the acceptance of the public, groups of inland nuclear power project site acceptance depends on the location of the public participation in the decision of two. Environmental information disclosure to protect the public's right to know at the same time, more important is to protect the public environment right to participate in decision-making on major expression and the right to supervise, the right to participate in the core of [5]. wide and effective public participation is not only conducive to the smooth implementation of nuclear power development and the national strategy, but also let the public the government and the supervision and management of nuclear power shared responsibility.
3. 4 ??????????????
3.4 strengthen nuclear safety supervision of nuclear power prophase work
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[6].?????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”???????????
At present, the construction of nuclear power program in the actual implementation of the existing sequence has not been straightened out, many human factors problems, the relevant departments need to adhere to the approved feasibility study report and review the project application, reasonable order and connection construction permits and construction site, to avoid losing the optimized design time, inconvenience and economic waste of future production, environmental protection [6]. (Department of the National Nuclear Safety Administration) of nuclear and radiation should strengthen the preparatory work for nuclear power plant safety supervision, the establishment and implementation of nuclear power plant siting nuclear safety supervision mode of the evaluation process, to supervise the quality evaluation procedures, and key technologies of location selection process, to ensure that the nuclear power plant siting two assessment report of the evaluation of quality and efficiency.
3. 5 ???????????????
3.5 emphasize the sense of responsibility of environmental impact assessment experts
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Get effective guarantee for the safety of nuclear power in China, China's nuclear safety regulatory body should effectively improve the ability of independent review and supervision and inspection, to ensure the safety assessment without any commercial interests, the impact of the local government and interference, to ensure the authenticity of security matters. In the event of an accident, the nuclear safety and environmental expert committee in charge of nuclear power project review shall be legally liable for the results of the review.
??
4 ?????????????
4 the development of inland nuclear power construction in China
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 400 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
At present, China has entered a new stage of quantitative and large-scale development of nuclear power. It is a great challenge for China to make nuclear power plant safer. Under normal circumstances, the nuclear power plant external radiation is very weak, the energy is safe; however, once the accident, it could lead to disastrous consequences, Fukushima, Chernobyl and the Three Mile Island nuclear shadow have in the past, but the memory of the disaster has been lingering in the hearts of the people. Although there are more than and 400 nuclear power plants around the world, every day to clean electricity delivered every household, people in the enjoyment of it brings to life convenience, once the accident brought shock is a long-term memory.
4. 1 ???????????????
4.1 correct location is the first to ensure the safety of nuclear power
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[9].??????????????????????????????????????????????????????[9].??????????????????????? 300 km2????????????????????????????????????????
Nip in the bud, it is important to prevent security. The siting of nuclear power plant is the first hurdle of prevention, the basic starting point is to consider the event of an accident, the loss of the degree to be reduced to the minimum, the impact on the surrounding environment to a minimum. After a long period of practice and exploration, in the sparsely populated, away from the big city to meet the conditions at the same time, on the other hand have to meet the engineering construction of natural conditions. If the selected location must not caused by other geological stability, natural disasters damage; need to have enough water to take heat emitted from the plant and provide drinking water; atmospheric environment must have good diffusion conditions, the power station discharge of radioactive gas to dissipate and so on. The electricity is mainly transported to the nearby city, so it can not be too far away from the city of [9]. to meet the above conditions and selection of the site is very difficult, so the construction of a nuclear power plant before, have to spend a lot of manpower and resources to work site like [9]. before and after the location of Dayawan nuclear power plant took three over 300 years, the land of km2, after repeated comparison demonstration, weigh a variety of factors and finally finalize the comprehensive conditions are relatively good site.
4. 2 ??????????????????
4.2 straighten out the relationship between power demand, environmental protection and nuclear power distribution
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? - ?????????????? 30 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 30 ???????????????????????????????????????????????[10].
With the rapid development and the increasing demand for energy and environmental protection pressure of China's economic construction, the demand for nuclear power in inland provinces increasingly significant, the prophase work of some inland areas of the site has started in the industry. A research unit based on the analysis of factors influencing and changing trend of layout of nuclear power in our country, using Cobb Douglas production function, built in 30 provinces of China's nuclear power demand model, the key factors of power demand, power supply, environmental protection and the influence of three China inland nuclear power distribution were verified in two the theoretical and empirical dimensions. At the same time, it shows that there is a big difference between the 30 provinces in China, which provides a certain basis for the decision of the location and construction of the domestic nuclear power plant [10].
4. 3 ???????????????????
4.3 defense in depth and improve the level of technology is the key to ensure safety
???????????????????????????????---???????????????????????????????????????[11].?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????[12].
Defense in depth is the basic principle of the safety of nuclear power, nuclear power plant is designed to keep the three basic security functions, power control, fuel cooling and radioactive substances containing normal play, helps to ensure public safety, health and environment such as [11]. nuclear power plant adopts the double layer containment structure closed, even if the accident, also can to prevent the serious pollution to the surrounding environment; nuclear power plant waste heat generated can be cooled by air, without a lot of water; using a highly intelligent automatic feedback control system to eliminate safety hazards; radioactive effluent depth recovery, reduce and discharged into the surrounding environment; the establishment of supervision and operation status of detailed measures, the power plant is always running in good condition, when appropriate to conduct a comprehensive maintenance of [12].
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[12].??????????????????????????
The key is to improve the safety of nuclear power plant itself process equipment, construction management of all aspects of quality, strengthen self-control ability to reduce the probability of accidents. If these do a good job in the safety of nuclear power plants will be greatly improved, especially for some scarce land resources provinces, there is not much to choose from but also want to develop nuclear power in the region, but also to pay attention to this problem. Geographical conditions can also be used to make up for the shortcomings of the [12]. international many nuclear power plants and cities apart from a certain distance rather than far away.
??
4. 4 ???????????????
4.4 to strengthen the coordination and management of the development and construction of the site
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3 ~ 4 ????????????/?????? 3 ???? 4 ???????????????5 km.?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????
As the number of different investment to develop nuclear power plant site increased, the number of site protection requirements are also increasing. In view of nuclear power plant in the earthquake, geology, water resources, environment, security and other aspects of the strict requirements, can choose different owners in the same province where nature is very close, some have 3 ~ 4 group in the site in a province, or even a city / county area is 3 general selected more than 4 sites, some of which are far less than 5 km. due to task delegation from different units, each only need to consider their own projects, resulting in repeated commitment in the presence of construction land use planning and resource utilization, the site will be difficult to set up at the same time, so there is the same province (city, county) in multiple choice and optimization of nuclear power plant.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Suggested that the relevant departments to coordinate the development of inland nuclear power and city planning, the relationship between water function zoning and environmental function zoning, balance the development of inland nuclear power plant construction layout, and targeted to protect the site. Therefore, do a good job in the national and local nuclear power long-term development plan, clear the next five years, or even within fifteen years of the development of the arrangement is a very important work in the future. Whether coastal or inland nuclear power plant, the valuable resources are very scarce, so how to carry on the rational utilization and arrangement of construction sequence is the most concerned problem.
4. 5 ????????????????
4.5 establish the strategic planning of national nuclear power industry chain system
????????????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ??? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? 20 ~ 30 ?????????????? 50 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
At present, uranium exploration nuclear power industry chain in China (front) technology has a certain progress but still being explored; nuclear power plant reactor (in the end) core technology still has its own brand, heteronomy, but still need time to go abroad; postprocessing plants and high level radioactive waste disposal (Hou Duan) technology is weak and long-term lag; reactor type technology route is not very clear, the fourth generation nuclear reactor using the system in a variety of reactor type and research status; and to represent the three generation of Technology (thermal reactor) and four generation (fast reactor) between nuclear fuel recycling plan not to mention, not in line with China's national conditions and long-term development. The development of a new type of reactor and achieve commercial operation in 20 to 30 years, the establishment of a fuel cycle system is more than 50 years, must from the fundamental interests of the country, the scientific research of a nuclear reactor fuel cycle system in consideration of the establishment of nuclear fuel cycle system in line with China's national conditions, the overall planning of nuclear power industry in the end, the chain, rational distribution and coordinated development. Natural uranium resources are limited, nuclear power to sustainable development must have a reliable nuclear fuel security system, the need to have their own brand of innovative research and development and production of the corresponding equipment manufacturing capacity and high-end talent to ensure.
5 ??
5 conclusions
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
At present, our country is in the sensitive period of the development of nuclear power, nuclear power plant construction site early from Binhai extended to inland areas, the early part of the inland areas of work site in an important window of nodes, the related research work has also made some achievements. Should pay attention to inland nuclear power site planning in the investigation and evaluation, including evaluation of environmental factors and the combination of nuclear power plant reactor type and design characteristics, broaden the space location conditions, in order to make the Chinese inland nuclear power plant siting evaluation work towards improved more reasonable direction, should establish and perfect the relevant environmental impact assessment model and standard. Transfer of nuclear power plant siting and change of population distribution, and the cumulative effect of radioactive effluent on the ecological environment of the earthquake and climate situation, water flooding problems beyond design basis of inland nuclear power plant and water resource management contradictions, radionuclides in groundwater in the inland, inland nuclear power and water resources management of water resources management, water resources argumentation, depth water resources emergency response mechanism and other aspects should be standardized.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Results for the safe operation of foreign nuclear power plant although the development of inland nuclear power plant construction that is completely feasible, but because of the great difference between China's inland and coastal areas of the natural environment and social environment, the complex degree of influence that the inland nuclear power plant on the environment has greatly increased. International nuclear power sector constantly remind the premise of nuclear power development is to think about how to deal with nuclear waste and nuclear decommissioning, otherwise these problems will eventually become a lingering nightmare. How to overcome the problem of the world's nuclear facilities decommissioning and solve the problem of high radioactive waste disposal is also one of the important topics of the development of inland nuclear power safety. The popularization of the knowledge of nuclear safety and the public participation and communication are the problems that should be solved urgently in the process of inland nuclear power construction.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Safety and environmental factors involved in the development of inland nuclear power plant issue is relatively complex, in this paper the problems mentioned is my experience and interest in the work process, hope to carry out in-depth study in the future work. We should learn from the experience of foreign countries at the same time, we should analyze the specific problems in China, strengthen the study of weak links, and ensure the safety of nuclear energy utilization and the protection of the ecological environment.
?????
Reference?
[1] ??? ??????????????? [D]. ??? ???????2012.
[1] Xue jing. Study on safety and location of nuclear power plant [D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2012
[2] ???? ?????????????? [J]. ?????2005? 9? : 20 - 23.
[2] Zhang Xiaolu. A study on the location of domestic nuclear power plant [J]. China electric power, 2005 (9): 20 (in Chinese) (in Chinese)
[3] ??????? ??????????????????????[J]. ???????2011? 2? : 7
[3] Zhang Zhang, Zhong zhang. Discussion on some problems of environmental impact assessment in siting of nuclear power plant [J]. Electric Power Survey and design, 2011 (2): 7