30 years of reform and opening up, our country with the resources to the elements and investment driven approach, the manufacturing industry rapid development, become the main driving force of the domestic economy, but behind the China manufacturing surface brilliant is lower returns, compared to the developed countries, its development level is still much room for improvement. The global pattern of manufacturing industry is facing a new round of reshuffle, the developed countries through the implementation of the "re industrialization" strategy to adapt to global change, developing countries have also accelerated the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, the development of China's manufacturing industry to the elements and investment driven in "two-way extrusion" dilemma, China's manufacturing industry must follow the path of development innovation driven, in order to seize the new round of competition. Therefore, under the new economic normal, and actively carry out research on innovation driven capacity evaluation of China's manufacturing industry, help to respond to the "made in China 2025" planning and implementation of China's manufacturing driven transformation.
Construct the evaluation index system
The innovation driving ability is the comprehensive performance of the innovation drive level, and the evaluation of innovation driving ability should be the main part of the whole process of innovation driven (see Figure 1). On the basis of reference to other scholars on the ability to drive innovation, based on innovation driven process, driven by innovation ability to generalize the basic elements of the driving ability and green technology innovation driven development ability, driving ability and economic benefit driving ability four aspects; on the basis of scientific, operational, and system than the principle, based on the above four aspects of main indicators of [1-3] evaluation index system of driving ability Chinese manufacturing innovation (see Table 1), the sub index according to the connotation of main indexes and data availability are determined. Specific indicators are as follows.
1 basic elements of innovation driven capacity indicators. From two aspects of internal factors and external factors. The internal factors mainly choose A1, A2, A3 three index, A1 index is used to reflect the quality of China manufacturing employees and knowledge structure, to measure Chinese manufacturing talent driven; A2 and A3 index is used to measure manufacturing assets scale and assets structure, measure the manufacturing enterprise assets driving situation. The external factors from the infrastructure and external funding of driving with A4, A5, A6, A7 four A4 index, and A5 index is used to reflect Chinese manufacturing communications and Internet infrastructure drive, measure the level of information; A6 index funds for financial institutions to reflect the development of the manufacturing industry driving force; the A7 index for the opening degree reflects the manufacturing and manufacturing of external financing of driver.
2 scientific and technological innovation driven capacity indicators reflect the input and output of science and technology innovation. The input of human, financial and material resources index is B1-B7. The scientific and technological human resources input index is B1, which is used to reflect the driving status of the researchers in the manufacturing industry. Science and technology investment selection index of B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6 are used to reflect the scientific research funding drive, the B2 index is between R&D expenditure and expenditure of internal R&D external funds and the total cost of the index is to reflect the scientific research and manufacturing technology for internal and external research foundation; B3 index get the renovation expenditures to reflect China manufacturing technology, the R&D technology four expenditure is the sum of technology introduction, digestion and absorption of technology, technology and technological transformation of domestic funds expenditure to buy; B4 index is used to reflect the manufacturing industry in the new product development input; B5 and B6 were used to reflect the government index support manufacturing R & D and manufacturing research cooperation. The index of material input is B7, which is used to reflect the scale of manufacturing industry. Science and technology innovation output from the output of intellectual property, new products and products of high technology industry output and technical transformation ability three aspects of selection index is B8-B11, which takes B8 intellectual property rights on behalf of driving, in the manufacturing sector reflects the effective knowledge production capacity and technical level; B9 and B10 index were used to reflect the development of new products and high technology product sales; B11 index is used to measure the technology input and output efficiency and technology into a product's ability to drive.
3 green development driving force indicators measure manufacturing innovation driven energy and environmental drivers. Energy indicators used for the selection of C1, C2, C3, which, C1 and C2 indicators are used to reflect the intensity of energy consumption and power consumption intensity of the manufacturing sector, C3 is mainly used to reflect the coal consumption in the manufacturing sector. The environment is from "discharge and treatment of waste, the index of C4, C5, C6, C7, C4, C5 and C6, among them, three indicators were used to reflect the manufacturing industry" three wastes "emissions, to measure the degree of pollution of the environment, the C7 index is used to reflect the comprehensive utilization of manufacturing industry the" three wastes "and governance.
4 driving force of economic efficiency. Using D1, D2, D3, D4 index, the D1 index is used to reflect the contribution of manufacturing to the industrial economy; D2 index is used to reflect the profitability of the manufacturing industry; D3 index is used to reflect the manufacturing enterprise's profit ability and management level; D4 is used to reflect the exports of manufactured goods do the contribution of the industrial economy, to measure the foreign trade export manufacturing.
The construction of two, improved entropy method evaluation model
The evaluation of innovation driving capability of manufacturing involves a number of indicators, which is a multi attribute decision making problem. The entropy method can according to the information content of the indicators so as to objectively determine the index weight, but the entropy method can not solve when an index value of the index weight large discrete degree caused by the unreasonable problem, therefore, this paper used the improved entropy method, AHP method and entropy method combined with the principle, based on entropy method on the difference of the coefficient of each index by 22 comparison judgment matrix, then calculate the weights and evaluation value [4-5].
Three, empirical analysis and empirical analysis of China's manufacturing innovation driven capacity
This paper selects Chinese manufacturing industry as the research object, all index data from the "Chinese Statistical Yearbook" (2010-2015), "Chinese Industrial Economic Statistical Yearbook" (2010-2015), "China Technology Statistical Yearbook" (2010-2015), "China Energy Statistics Yearbook" (2010-2015) and "Chinese Environmental Statistics Yearbook" (2010-2015). The statistics for large-scale industrial enterprises".
1 overall evaluation. The index data with 2009-2014 years Chinese manufacturing innovation drive capability based factor driving ability, green technology innovation driven development ability, driving ability, social economic development ability, using the improved entropy method to calculate the mapping of 1-9 scale value and the weight of each index and evaluation object evaluation value (see table 3-, table 5).
From table 5 can be found, along with the development of national economy and science and technology innovation, China manufacturing drive capability of the overall upward trend, the comprehensive evaluation value rose from 01 in 2009 to 07588 in 2014, indicating that the "12th Five-Year" national planning achievements. The science and technology innovation drive capability to maintain a rapid growth trend, but the development of green driving ability and the economic and social development is slowly improving, which limits the driving ability of Chinese manufacturing innovation in a certain extent improve.
In addition, analyze the four abilities of manufacturing innovation drive capability, also find the following specific circumstances (taking into account the public space, redundancy and related data sources that list and delete the following analysis of some specific data of the involved):
(1) the driving force of the basic elements of manufacturing industry is increasing, but the basic environment for innovation driven needs to be improved. The evaluation value rose from 00289 in 2009 to 01470 in 2014, indicating that the internal and external environment driven manufacturing enterprise innovation is improved, which is largely due to Chinese manufacturing industry total assets scale and national Internet communication conditions continue to improve, especially the financial institutions lending rate is greatly improved, better promote the the development of Chinese manufacturing industry. However, there are still some problems in the basic environment, innovation driven first among the number of employees, bachelor degree or above accounted for the proportion of manufacturing employees were around 30%, reflecting the above manufacturing enterprise undergraduate less staff, staff quality needs to be improved. Secondly, the Internet penetration rate is up to 50%, compared with the Internet infrastructure is backward, which is not conducive to the Chinese manufacturing industry has achieved rapid development in the "Internet plus" era; more attention is the manufacturing industry foreign direct investment decreased year by year, from $467 billion 700 million in 2009 dropped to $399 billion 300 million in 2014, the further development of this the phenomenon is not conducive to China's manufacturing industry.
(2) the driving force of science and technology innovation in manufacturing industry is increasing, but there are still some problems, such as the weak ability of technical transformation and the lack of independent innovation ability. Evaluation value increased from 00344 in 2009 to 2014 of 04665, indicating that science and technology innovation driven capacity is particularly rapid, which is China's "plan" in the year of the results of scientific and technological innovation in 12th Five-Year. The R&D personnel and R&D funds in 2009 has greatly improved in 2014, indicating Chinese manufacturing enterprises in the basic research and Application Research on the investment of more and more, most of the manufacturing enterprises begin to pay attention to the role of science and technology innovation; patent application, patent number, and number of papers also increased year by year, reflecting the manufacturing industry enterprise intellectual property protection consciousness has improved. However, government investment accounted for the proportion of R&D funds was less than 5%, indicating that the government of manufacturing science and technology research and development of China financial support is not enough; manufacturing expenses for research and the proportion of R&D funds accounted for no more than 4%, reflecting the manufacturing cooperation, and the Chinese manufacturing enterprise development the science and technology innovation enthusiasm is not high; in addition, in the case of manufacturing R&D expenses is larger, output value of new products and high technology industry main business income accounted for the proportion of manufacturing output is less than 15%, the manufacturing technology innovation input and output coefficient is low, which reflects the a China manufacturing technology into products of science and technology innovation ability is not strong, the problem of low efficiency, which may be associated with the manufacturing enterprise one-sided pursuit of short-term interests of the company and the number of patents, but then suddenly On the management of scientific research projects.
(3) the driving ability of green manufacturing industry increased, but the coal consumption is too large, "three wastes" emissions is high, serious damage to the environment. The evaluation value rose from 00239 in 2009 to 00916 in 2014, reflecting the manufacturing capacity of energy saving and environmental protection capacity gradually increased, indicating that the "12th Five-Year" planning adhere to green development, build a resource-saving society strategy to a certain extent, help Chinese manufacturing implementation of energy-saving emission reduction work, the development of green manufacturing Chinese the driving ability increased. Although manufacturing unit output energy and power consumption control, energy saving and emission reduction play a certain effect, but China manufacturing coal consumption proportion coefficient has increased year by year, rising from 62% in 2009 to 718% in 2014, reflecting the coal is still the manufacturing enterprises in the energy supply of the main manufacturing industry; the "three wastes" emissions are rising year by year, and increased greatly. The "three wastes" emissions may be rising with the national "12th Five-Year" plan to focus on the development of iron and steel, building materials and other high pollution policy of manufacturing industry, the "three wastes" emissions increased year by year; "comprehensive utilization of wastes production" 2009 to 2014 the growth rate is slow, reflecting the processing capability of manufacturing enterprises "three wastes" needs to be improved.
(4) the economic benefit of manufacturing driven capacity increased year by year, but there are still problems of low management level, the value of exports less. From 00128 in 2009 to 2014, the value of the social economic development of the manufacturing industry has been improved. Among them, the proportion of China's manufacturing industry output value of China's total industrial output value reached 88%, indicating that China's manufacturing industry has played a role in promoting China's industrialization process and China's economic development. However, from table 5 we can see that from 2009 to 2014, the ability to drive economic growth is slow, which is constrained by the low efficiency of the total assets of the manufacturing industry and the low proportion of the total industrial output value. From 2009 to 2014 with total assets of the manufacturing industry average rate is not higher than 15%, and in 2014 the contribution rate of total assets was less than 9%, which reflects the enterprise the management level of the manufacturing industry is low, the problem of weak profitability; China manufacturing export value less than 13%, which may be relevant to the implementation of trade barriers and the finance in 2008 the crisis and abroad, the manufacturing industry of foreign trade gradually reduced.
2 industry innovation driven capacity evaluation. Understanding the differences in the level of innovation driving capability of the various segments of the manufacturing sector also has a reference value to improve the manufacturing industry and enhance its innovation driven capability. Therefore, the four aspects of driving ability innovation based on data China manufacturing industry in 2014 28 industry segments, innovation evaluation using the improved entropy method obtained in 2014 28 sectors of the drive capacity values (see Table 6).
From table 6 can be found, the level of development of innovation driven transportation equipment manufacturing, communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing industry is in front, and this kind of innovative chemical fiber, wood processing, leather production and food manufacturing industry driven development the level is relatively backward, the highest score is 0523936 in transportation equipment manufacturing, chemical fiber manufacturing industry the lowest score was 0036306 points, so the innovation of China's manufacturing industry sub sectors driving development level differences, specific analysis is as follows.
(1) the proportion of highly educated talents in various segments of the gap is obvious, uneven distribution of talent. Wood processing and Kitake To brown grass products industry, furniture manufacturing industry employees are bachelor degree or above accounted for the proportion of the total number of employees in more than 40%, but the general equipment manufacturing industry, printing and record medium reproduction industry, papermaking and paper products industry in the proportion is about 25%, the maximum distance reached 491%, reflecting the industry talent resources are unevenly distributed, and a high degree of talent distribution, some enterprises lack of attention on talents, the high degree of talent flow to a single.
(2) the gap of science and technology innovation ability of manufacturing industry is obvious. Chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry in the science and technology funds R&D personnel, material and so on greater investment, innovation driven results are also more prominent; but the leather fur and feather manufacturing, furniture manufacturing industry and printing and record medium reproduction industry science and technology investment of scientific and technological achievements is not obvious. Reflecting the various segments of the industry investment in science and technology gap, the core part of R & D industry low enthusiasm and innovation driven technology is not fully valued, in addition, technology innovation in all segments of the industry input-output coefficient was about 0006, the technical transformation ability is very weak.
(3) the breakdown of the industry waste emissions is high, the environmental damage intensity and high cost of environmental governance. Copy, printing and record medium black metal smelting and rolling processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry and petroleum processing and coking and nuclear fuel processing such as high pollution industry, energy saving and environmental protection ability ability was increased year by year, but the comprehensive evaluation value is still low, and waste emissions of various industry segments the absolute value is still high, and the average cost of treatment of industrial wastewater and industrial waste gas reached 10 million 440 thousand yuan and 3 billion 760 million 150 thousand yuan, reflecting the manufacturing industry segments, high cost of environmental governance governance technology behind.
Four, conclusions and recommendations
This thesis applies the improved entropy method to China manufacturing industry in 2014 to 2009 the driving ability are analyzed, the research found that from 2009 to 2014, capacity is being increased year by year Chinese driven innovation in manufacturing industry, this is the "12th Five-Year" plan China home to develop science and technology innovation and upgrade the manufacturing industry achievements, I believe in the future "13th Five-Year" in the planning, development China manufacturing industry to achieve better, innovation driven capacity can be further improved. But innovation China manufacturing industry to enhance the ability of driving smaller, currently there is still a lack of highly educated people, the Internet infrastructure is backward, lack of independent innovation capacity, serious environmental pollution, low management level, this paper puts forward the following suggestions.
1 manufacturing enterprises should pay attention to improve the internal environment, take a variety of channels to select talents, improve the level of enterprise management. In the enterprise, the manufacturing enterprises should adopt a variety of channels to recruit talents, colleges and universities actively in the organization recruitment, active cooperation with universities and colleges in the construction of academic training base, to attract and cultivate more innovative talents; secondly, to enhance the management and staff quality, system innovation and management innovation, to improve the manufacturing industry the management level of enterprises.
2 the government should take advantage of the policy to help the manufacturing enterprises to upgrade and stimulate the vitality of the manufacturing industry. The government should actively expand the manufacturing industry financing channels, the establishment of manufacturing government special funds, increase financial support for emerging industries, high-end equipment and other industries; strengthen the propaganda Chinese "made" and "environmental protection" concept of efforts to strengthen information construction and environmental construction supervision Chinese manufacturing enterprises.
3 manufacturing enterprises should improve the Internet infrastructure, building R & D centers, improve the ability of independent innovation, improve product technology content. Manufacturing enterprises should constantly improve the Internet infrastructure, information technology and enterprise integration; manufacturing enterprises should work together to establish the national science and technology laboratory and engineering research and development center of government agencies, research institutions and universities to increase the R&D expenditure to strengthen cooperation, enhance the manufacturing enterprise technology into product ability and independent innovation ability; development and actively develop new products and focus on products of high technology industry, expand strategic emerging industries, improve the technological content of products, in order to reduce the risk of export trade barriers.
4 manufacturing enterprises should actively research and development of energy saving and environmental protection technology, the full implementation of the green transformation and upgrading of enterprises. Under the support of the government, enterprises should actively introduce or independent research and development of advanced energy saving technology to reduce the use of coal resources, to enhance the treatment of "three wastes", in order to reduce the cost of environmental governance, improve the utilization rate of resources; and actively develop new green products, the full implementation of green supervision, perfecting the green manufacturing system of the enterprise, to green low-carbon development to promote manufacturing.
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