By the end of August 2014, Ministry of agriculture, national development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance and other departments jointly issued the on the guide and promote the views of farmer cooperatives development ", the opinion clearly will promote cooperative information construction as the main task of regulating the development of cooperatives. Cooperative information construction is the inevitable demand of agricultural production and management modernization, but also to promote the internal needs of the development of cooperatives. As of the end of 2014, the number of farmers cooperatives reached 88.4, an increase of 39.5% over the previous year.
?????????????4?5????5?1%??????38?3%?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Among them, the number of agricultural cooperatives, 4.5, accounting for 5.1%, an increase of 38.3% over the previous year. Despite the vigorous development of agricultural cooperatives, but the current lack of information on the development of cooperatives and information needs of the research and research. The next step to promote the construction of agricultural cooperatives information, it is necessary to find out the current situation of the development of cooperative information and the demand for information technology.
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1, the current situation of cooperative information
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From a national perspective, Anhui province in promoting the construction of information technology in the forefront of the country. Since 2009, the agriculture of Anhui Province began working to strengthen cooperative information construction, and gradually explore the a with Anhui characteristics of "the government to promote, sectoral collaboration, platform upward, service extension, multi linkage, the operation of the market" cooperative information construction, the construction of the "policy support, technical support, promotion of demonstration, guide service four system and" station (site), a machine (computer), line (cable), a member of (information) "of the" four a "cooperative informationization promotion application model [1]. At present, most cooperatives information literature has focused on the case study: Li Lin 2 through empirical research in Hebei found that the construction of cooperative information infrastructure to strengthen gradually, cooperative e-commerce has gradually developed; King Zhijun 3 in Ningyang County of Tai'an city as an example, the organization and management of all aspects of information technology applied to the cooperatives, and in the geographical information platform extended to the development of farmers' cooperatives comprehensive information platform; Jianping 4 in Beijing city of Daxing District muskmelon production and marketing cooperatives as an example, analyzed the effect on magnetic card application system for carrier; Yuan Zhihua and Liu Qingxiu 5 in Shandong County of Wulian province professional cherry Hills cooperatives as an example, the analysis of e-commerce marketing cooperatives to bring benefits, ensure the interests of farmers.
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At present, the market there are a lot of cooperative relation management system, such as Beijing Zhongnongxin Information Technology Co., Ltd. launched the rural professional cooperative information management system, producer of the Ministry of agriculture farmers' professional cooperatives financial management system, Jiangsu Provincial Agriculture Commission and sign east software company launched in cooperation levy East farmer cooperatives financial software such as. From these products that the market most of the software is mainly designed for the personnel and management of cooperatives, financial management and the purchase and sale of inventory management needs, product function is not comprehensive enough, according to the different types of cooperatives personalization options less is more prominent.
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2, research results and analysis
????????????52??????????20?????????????????480?????100?????1250?????????????????????????????????????????????????
The survey reports a total of 52 samples, the sample area distribution involving 20 provinces. Cooperatives equipment asset size of the sample average of 480 million yuan, minimum 100 million yuan, highest 12.5 million yuan can reflect the current situation of the informatization construction of different asset size of agricultural cooperatives, the status quo of China's agricultural cooperatives analysis can provide an effective basis.
2?1????????????
2.1, information infrastructure construction
????????????????????????????????????????????6?7????52???????????:???????????47?????????????????????????????????4M???????????????4?1?????????????????33??57?7%???????????????2?4??3?8%?????????????????1???
Number of computers and Internet access rate, the rapid development of smart phones and mobile applications to create a good foundation [6-7] for cooperative information. According to the survey of 52 agricultural cooperatives show: there are 47 Internet interface cooperatives, and these cooperatives have been able to open Internet access, broadband broadband are concentrated in the 4M. The average number of computers owned by the co OP is 4.1 units. The sample has the largest number of computers have 33 units, 57.7% of the average number of cooperatives owned by 4 to 2 units, 3.8% of the cooperatives there is no computer, as shown in figure 1.
In addition to the use of the Internet, and now more farmers will use smart phones to surf the internet. According to statistics, members have a proportion of smart phones to reach more than 90% of nearly half of cooperatives, members will use the proportion of mobile Internet access to more than 90% of the proportion of cooperatives near 1/3. Although cooperative members have a higher proportion of smart phones, but the proportion of the real use of mobile Internet is not very high, 60% of the use of mobile Internet users in the proportion of 50% of the following.
1)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????18???34?6%;????????????34???65?4%?
1) cooperative information officer. High quality information personnel is one of the key factors to improve the information of cooperatives. Information collection, information processing and information submission are the main functions of the cooperative information officer. The sample cooperatives have a full-time staff of 18, accounting for 34.6%; no full-time information member of the cooperatives have 34, accounting for 65.4%.
2)??????????????????????????????????????????????2????????????????15????????????35????????????3?8%?28?8%?67?3%???????????????????????????16???30?8%?
2) cooperatives to use the network for information query. In the cooperative use of network query information. The results showed that never use cooperative network 2, the occasional use of network information query of 15, often search the Internet for some information has 35, accounted for cooperatives surveyed, 3.8%, 28.8% and 67.3%, respectively. In the survey of cooperatives, the use of the Internet for online advertising cooperatives have 16, accounting for 30.8%.
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In terms of information, the information is the most information, respectively, the agricultural product information, agricultural subsidies policy, climate information and information on agricultural operations, as shown in figure 2.
?1 ?????????????
Figure 1 statistical units have cooperative computer case
?2 ?????????
Figure 2 cooperative inquiry information statistics
3)????????????????????????????????40???76?9%;??????????12???23?1%???????????????????????????????????????????
3) cooperative websites and third party applications. In the survey of cooperatives, there is no 40 portal cooperatives, accounting for 76.9%; there are 12 of the cooperatives portal, accounting for 23.1%. From the perspective of the function of the cooperative website, the main members of information, equipment information, job information, machine hand information and the sale of second-hand equipment, etc..
4)??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10????????????????????????????91?7%;??????????75%;??????????50%?
4) cooperative information management system. Cooperative information management system use, mainly is the utilization of cooperatives in daily life, examined the need to use the financial management system, personnel management system, file management system and equipment management system. According to statistics, there are 10 agricultural cooperatives with related management information systems, financial management application of the highest, reaching 91.7%; followed by operations management, reaching 75%; again is the file management, reaching 50%.
2?2?????????????????
2.2, members of the application of computer ability and master software
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(37??????71?2%)????????????????????????????48??????????????????76?9%????(40????)????QQ????????;59?6%(31????)???????????????;50%(26????)????????office?WPS??????
In recent years, with young rural labor migrant workers, rural labor force aging is more serious, some farmers lack knowledge and the capabilities of the application of information technology, computer software application and operation of difficulties, cooperatives mainly rely on artificial paper records information (37 cooperatives, 71.2%), members of the use of information technology ability is poor. In the research of the computer software, there are 48 cooperatives can master the relevant computer software. Among them, 76.9% (40 cooperative cooperatives can master QQ, micro channel communication software; 59.6% (31 cooperatives) cooperatives can master the UF financial software; cooperatives in 50% (26 cooperatives) to command of office, WPS office software.
????????????6??????????11?5%;26???????QQ???????50%;18?????????????????34?6%?
In the use of third party applications, there are 6 cooperatives to establish micro-blog, accounting for 11.5%; 26 cooperatives established a QQ group and WeChat group, accounting for 50%; 18 cooperative agricultural information management client installation, accounting for 34.6%.
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2.3, information demand situation
2?3?1?????
2.3.1, demand type
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According to the content of information demand, the content is divided into two categories: one is the internal information needs; the other is the external information needs. The internal information management can achieve the standardization of management, so as to improve the organizational efficiency. For example, the application of financial management system can regulate the financial operation, reduce manual errors, financial transparency, conducive to the end of the accounting of the distribution, return the surplus; office automation to make clear to the cooperative business, assets and liabilities, such as information, and convenient to open and share, in order to improve the efficiency of communication between members of cooperatives, the realization of democratic management.
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Cooperatives external information to achieve foreign business information, mainly to produce a material purchase, access to the job market information, and cross when they go out to the surrounding gas, maintenance, product sales and instructions.
1)?????????????????????????????41????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(OA??)??
1) internal information of agricultural cooperatives. According to statistics, there are 41 internal information needs of cooperatives, the most urgent needs of the contents of membership management, financial management, operations management and equipment management. From the content, the most hope to improve cooperatives is the internal management of cooperatives information management information, including members of management, financial management, office automation (OA system), etc..
2)?????????????????????????35????????????????????????????????
2) external information of agricultural cooperatives. According to statistics, there are 35 external needs of cooperatives, the most urgent needs of the contents of the order is the production of information to buy, sales of agricultural and sideline products and the sale of machinery and equipment.
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2.3.2, cooperatives access to information and ease of access to information
1)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????63?5%??????????????42?3%????????????40?4%???????????????3????????????????????????????????????????
1) access to information channels. From the research situation, the current understanding of the main channels of agricultural machinery operation needs of radio and television, network, intermediaries and government, etc.. In the main channel of agricultural information about the operation of multiple choices, 63.5% of the cooperatives chose by government issued, 42.3% of the cooperatives selected network query, 40.4% of cooperatives choose intermediaries introduced, as shown in Figure 3. Visible, the government issued, network inquiry and intermediary people have become an important channel for agricultural cooperatives to obtain information.
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Figure 3 cooperatives to understand the operating information of agricultural operations channels
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2) the urgency of information demand. Answer in the types of information needs, 88.5% of cooperatives choose agricultural products information; followed by agricultural subsidies policy information, 75% of the cooperatives chose the; followed by the information of agricultural machinery market information, agricultural training information and the weather and climate. Thus: the most urgent needs of cooperatives is closely related to the agricultural production of agricultural products, especially in terms of product performance, operational technology, etc.. Overall, the cooperative type of demand information is divided into three levels: the first level is directly related to agricultural production and the agricultural product information; the second level is government policy document information, and agricultural production related market information; the third level is the meteorological disasters and agricultural production is directly related to the type of information.
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From the above problems, but also to the side of the current level of information to reflect the extent of the difficulty. In the process of agricultural production, the most useful information is the information that can help farmers to avoid and resist all kinds of natural disasters. Such information should be in the production and life of farmers everywhere need information, but cooperatives not first choice the appropriate option, that this kind of information should be in practice are easy to obtain and can be obtained by the general public communication tools can, such as television, radio; but for farmers, agricultural product information is difficult to obtain, the majority of farmers or by agricultural extension staff and others, such as exchange of experience to obtain information of agricultural products.
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2.3.3, different asset size of the information needs of cooperatives
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Overall, the development of cooperative information is still in its infancy, but there is a certain difference in the demand for information technology of different asset size, the importance of information technology is not the same degree of cognition. Here in a sample of agricultural cooperatives in accordance with the different types of equipment assets for different groups of information demand difference comparison, respectively is 100 million yuan, 100 million to 300 million yuan, 300 million to 500 million yuan, 500 million to 900 million yuan, 900 million yuan or more, a total of 5 groups.
?????????900????????????????????5?5??????;?????3?3?8?4?1?4?7??????4???
From the owner of the computer units, more than 900 million yuan of assets scale of agricultural cooperatives has an average computer 5.5, located at the highest; followed by 3, 3.8 and 4.1 and 4.7 and Taiwan. As shown in figure 4.
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Figure 4 different asset size of agricultural cooperatives have computer units
?????????????:100??300???????????????????????????;??????????????????????????????????????????????????300??500?????
The importance of information awareness level as follows: 100 million to 300 million yuan assets scale of agricultural cooperatives that informatization of cooperatives to help is very big; professional management system, often through the network query and release information, employ full-time information officer and built a portal of agricultural cooperatives asset size are concentrated at 300 million ~ 500 million yuan.
????????????????????????????????????(????????????????????????????)?????1???
From the perspective of information needs, for different groups of agricultural cooperatives, cooperatives internal information needs are more urgent (internal information needs of proportion are greater than or equal to the proportion of external information needs), as specified in Table 1 below.
?1 ?????????????????
Table 1 information needs of agricultural cooperatives in different asset size
????????????????(??2)?300?500???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
From cooperatives internal information needs urgent degree (see Table 2), 300 to 500 million yuan of assets scale of agricultural cooperatives demand content and other groups differ, most urgent demand in turn is training for members and expert system, agricultural products sales and agricultural inventory management and equipment management. From the other groups, the most hope to improve the cooperatives is the internal affairs management information, including job information management, membership management and financial management, etc..
?2 ???????????????????????
Table 2 internal information demand of agricultural cooperatives in different asset size
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From cooperatives external information needs urgent degree (see Table 3), different groups of agricultural cooperatives are agricultural procurement informationization and agricultural and sideline products sales demand more strongly, in the back row of the followed by equipment sale and cooperative website construction demand. Cooperatives external business content is the purchase of agricultural products sales and production materials. In the field research, many cooperatives are hoping to use the Internet to open network procurement platform, improve the efficiency of procurement and sales.
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Table 3 external information demand of agricultural cooperatives in different asset size
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In conclusion, different asset size of agricultural cooperatives on the information needs of content are roughly the same, from another side shows the information level of our country's agricultural cooperatives in a low level and facilitate cooperative informatization construction is a long-term and arduous task.
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3, further analysis
3?1?????????????????
3.1, agricultural cooperatives in the development of information technology problems
1)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4?1?????????33????90%???????????????????????????????????????????
1) cooperative information infrastructure to improve, but the ability to use information technology is not high. The information infrastructure is the hardware condition for the realization of the information. According to research, the average number of cooperatives with a computer for 4.1 units, up to 33 of the cooperatives, and 90% of the cooperatives have access to the internet. All these show that the construction of the basic facilities of cooperatives has been significantly improved.
?????????????????????????????????????59?6%????????????????50%????????office?WPS??????
But from the perspective of the use of computer and network, computer application ability of the members cooperatives still needs to be improved, such as only 59.6% of cooperatives are able to master the financial software such as UF, 50% of the cooperatives can command of office, WPS office software.
2)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????;????????????34?6%??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
2) lack of awareness of the importance of cooperatives, lack of professional information technology personnel. Although nearly half of the agricultural cooperatives that information on the level of cooperation is very large, but in terms of investment in information technology, especially in terms of personnel, according to statistics, only 34.6% of the cooperatives have full-time information. In cooperatives, the ability to master the information technology knowledge and the lack of information on the use of basic skills, but also hinder the effective use of information technology and popularization. To implement the cooperative information construction, the focus is on the introduction of information technology personnel, on the one hand to attract professionals to join, on the other hand to strengthen the relevant training, so as to promote the improvement of the professional ability of the existing information.
3)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3) cooperative network and management system, and the lack of relevant professional management information system. From the survey statistics, the cooperatives did not make full use of the site for publicity, but also to talk about the use of electronic commerce network to achieve agricultural electronic trading services, the use of the network for job supply and demand information release, etc..
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From the perspective of the co-operatives are using professional management system, lack of overall performance of information system, most of the cooperatives are still stuck in the financial management, file management, operations management and so on, information application level is low, information technology to effectively penetrate to the cooperative production and management decision-making and market services, lack of cooperative office automation system, members of the training and expert system, production process management system, management system of the quality and safety of agricultural products, network marketing system comprehensive function type strong integrated system.
3?2????????????????
3.2, restricting the development of information technology factors
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From the survey data analysis (see Figure 5): the most important factor affecting the construction of the information construction of cooperatives is the financial aspect, the second is the government support and the membership computer application ability. In addition, the importance of knowledge of information construction is also an important factor in the construction of cooperative information.
?5 ????????????
Fig. 5 Statistics of the influencing factors of cooperative informatization
3?2?1???????
3.2.1, internal control factors
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Factual investigation to know: at present most of the cooperatives have financing demand, especially the purchase of farm machinery demand for funds, land contracting demand for funds, plus peasant household computer application level is limited, the importance of information technology lack of understanding, cooperatives in the aspects of information technology investment in a lot less.
??????“?????????????????”???????16????(?30?8%)???????“?????????????”;9????(?17?3%)????“?????????????????”;11????(?21?2%)??????????“???????????????????;???????????????????????????”?
In the setting of cooperatives under the informationization step with what to answer, there are 16 cooperatives (30.8%) cooperative answer is "still groping, no further intends; nine cooperatives (17.3%) answer is" after the capital and talent to make information; 11 cooperatives (21.2%) intends to further, the content is "intend to the inside of the building to get up, buy computers and other hardware facilities; there are some is is the site of perfection, the establishment of a simple job management system".
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In addition, now the rural population out more and more migrant workers, young people in general, cultural degree relative higher are out of work, cause of rural population's cultural level is relatively low, and aging phenomenon is serious. Therefore, in accepting the information technology knowledge is slow, it is not enough to understand the information technology. According to the field survey, most members of cooperatives do not understand cooperatives information content, CO president and only a few members understand the huge interest in cooperatives information can bring to the cooperatives.
3?2?2???????
3.2.2, external constraints
According to the survey, 50% of the cooperatives that the government to support the efforts of the important factors affecting the cooperative information. In a number of options on the main channel to understand the agricultural information on the issue, there are also 63.5% of the cooperatives selected by the government issued. All these show that the government can play a key role in promoting the development of the information society.
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Cooperative information of the main building, including the government, cooperatives and society, the current strength of their own alone is far from enough. China's agricultural industry, with the government as the leading public information service has made some progress: Department of Ministry of agriculture, agricultural mechanization relying on China agriculture mechanization information network set up the national agricultural production information management service platform of agricultural machinery service trans regional operations train; and in recent years in some areas to meet the information needs of agricultural machinery operation types of agricultural production and operation organizations and began to gradually start agricultural mechanization information service platform construction, such as "agricultural" SMS platform. However, these platforms focus on agricultural production scheduling aspects of information technology, e-commerce, internal office automation and other information concerned is not enough.
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In the survey found that some local governments of cooperatives information hardware facilities gave financial support, but also for cooperative building portal website, and cooperatives to offer free financial management software, these are an important measure of support development of the cooperative information. Next government support the focus should shift to the talent introduction and membership information level training. Only in this way can improve cooperatives by the enthusiasm of the information resources, enhance the cognition of cooperatives on the importance of information technology, active participation in the informatization construction in.
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4, policy recommendations
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At present, the development of cooperatives in our country is late, and it can be an effective means to standardize the cooperatives. In addition, the information construction to play the role of grass-roots information services is also becoming more important. Cooperatives can convey the members of all kinds of information and policy needs to the government, and the government's agricultural policy accurately and effectively convey to the farmers; and let the channels of communication more efficient, informatization is an important prerequisite.
1)??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
1) continue to increase financial support to promote the construction of information infrastructure cooperatives. In the basic stage of the construction of cooperative information, information technology has to rely on the main building. At this stage, should strive for various financial year to arrange a certain amount of funds for construction of the cooperative information demonstration project, first in the core business areas based on information technology, such as agricultural production management information platform, cooperatives internal general affairs of electronic, web portal and e-commerce platform construction.
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On the other hand, improve existing government agricultural production management information platform, and relying on these platforms will cooperatives of portal website, information management system integration together, raise the utilization of the cooperative efficiency of existing information service platform, and to promote the level of application of cooperatives internal information management and electronic commerce.
2)?????????????????8?9?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2?3????????????1??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
2) the introduction of talents, strengthen the education and training of 8-9, improve information quality of talents. Talent is the fundamental information, but also the key factor in the development and growth of cooperatives. One is to speed up the information of the team construction, to encourage agricultural extension workers to cooperatives part-time or as technical adviser. The information model society, the requirements of the cooperatives in general to determine the 2 ~ 3, the size of the small, there are 1 information staff, responsible for information collection, transmission, publishing and other work. To strengthen the training of information member and make full use of the new farmers training, sunshine project, the people's livelihood projects for agricultural cooperatives Management and information personnel training, with the focus on the basic knowledge of information, computer basic knowledge, network information platform application knowledge and operational skills and training.
3)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3) adhere to the local information in advance, and gradually promote the development of comprehensive information. Agricultural cooperatives information relates to agricultural procurement management, financial management, marketing management, equipment operation management and agricultural production information management aspects [10], in the course of the cooperative information, from the degree of urgency of internal office automation as a breakthrough point, starting from the management of the need to resolve the link, driven by cooperatives to the whole informatization management level.
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?1????????????????????????????????J????????2012(8):14?18?
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?5??????????????????????????????J??????????2014(2):47?49?
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?6??????????????????D????:???????2013:20?
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?7?????????????????????????????J???????2013(2):5?8?
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?8?????????????????????????—??????????J???
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