英语论文
原创论文
留学生作业
英语论文格式
免费论文
essay
英国硕士论文
英国毕业论文
英语论文
留学生论文
澳大利亚论文
新西兰论文
澳洲Report
澳洲留学生论文
美国留学论文
Dissertation
美国硕博论文
essay case
Eassy
Term paper
英语毕业论文
英文论文
课程作业
德语论文
德语专业论文
德语本科论文
德国留学论文
Assignment
日语论文
韩语论文
法语论文
俄语论文

从人道主义角度分析《大卫•科 波菲尔》中的大卫

时间:2022-12-30 来源:未知 编辑:-1 阅读:
Acknowledgment
 
I am greatly indebted to a number of people without whose help this thesis would not have been possible. I would like to express my gratitude, appreciation and thanks to them all.
    Firstly, I am most grateful to my supervisor, Professor 某某, whose conscientious tutoring, insightful comments and constructive criticisms have contributed greatly to the completion of this thesis. At the preparation stage of this study, he provided me with useful suggestions and recommended to me some essential references. When I finished my writing, she devoted a considerable proportion of his time to reading it and making suggestions for further revisions. Her support and encouragement as well as great care for me deserve more thanks than I can find words to express.
    I am deeply indebted to Professor 某某, Professor 某某, Professor 某某, Professor 某某, Professor Wang 某某 and other teachers who gave me generous instructions and interesting lectures. I have learned so much from them all. I could have done little without their teaching and encouragement.
   My thanks are also extended to all of my other teachers and friends for their continuous support. Here, I give my sincere thanks to my friends 某某 who gave me some very good advice.
   Last but not least, a special note of appreciation to my family whose loving considerations and helps are the source of my strength.
To all those mentioned above, and to any other people whom I may have failed to mention, I extend my sincere thanks.
 
 
 
Abstract
 
David Copperfield is the eighth full-length novel by the English novelist Charles Dickens, known as his favourite child. It was published in twenty parts every month between 1849 and 1850. The book is told in the first person, incorporating many of the author's own life experiences. The novel tells the story of the life course of the protagonist David from childhood to middle age. Based on the birth of I, it gathers the sincerity and darkness of friends, the naivety and impulsiveness of love, the sweetness and triviality of marriage, and the contradiction and harmony of family into a stream, which flows slowly on the riverbed of fate and finally blends into the magnificent sea of tolerance. It is interspersed with characters and opportunities. The language is humorous and humorous, showing the broad picture of England in the middle of the 19th century, reflecting Dickens' ideal of a world full of kindness and justice.
This paper began with a brief introduction of the author and the social background, and then it tried to analyze the novel. Thus the author paved the way for the following analysis, then it came to the essential part of the paper—the analysis of humanism image of David. Next, the essay came to the author’s impact on the figure to make. Finally, the author attempted to analyze readers know more about the novel and the author. The paper wanted to tell people that maybe fate is unfair to you, so that you are suffering from human sufferings, but you cannot do anything without the goodness of heart and you must fight for your own destiny. And stressed: only love can give courage to face the misery and suffering.
 
Key words: Character Image; Humanitarian Spirit; Critical Realism
 
 
 
 
 
摘要
 
《大卫•科波菲尔》是英国小说家查尔斯•狄更斯的第八部长篇小说,被称为他“心中最宠爱的孩子”,于一八四九至一八五零年间,分二十个部分逐月发表。全书采用第一人称叙事,融进了作者本人的许多生活经历。小说讲述了主人公大卫从幼年至中年的生活历程,以“我”的出生为源,将朋友的真诚与阴暗、爱情的幼稚与冲动、婚姻的甜美与琐碎、家人的矛盾与和谐汇聚成一条溪流,在命运的河床上缓缓流淌,最终融入宽容壮美的大海。其间夹杂各色人物与机缘。语言诙谐风趣,展示了19世纪中叶英国的广阔画面,反映了狄更斯希望人间充满善良正义的理想。
本文从作者简介和社会背景入手,试图对小说进行分析。从而为下文的分析奠定了基础,进而进入文章的核心部分——大卫的人文形象分析。接下来,文章就来谈谈作者对人物形象的影响。最后,作者试图分析读者对小说和作者的更多了解。这篇文章想告诉人们,也许命运对你是不公平的,所以你正在遭受人类的苦难,但你不能没有善良的心,你必须为自己的命运而奋斗。并强调:只有爱才能给人勇气去面对苦难和苦难。
 
关键词:人物形象;人道主义精神;批判现实主义
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
Acknowledgment I
Abstract II
摘要 III
Chapter One Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction of the Writer and The works 1
1.2 About the Humanism 4
Chapter Two The manifestation of David's of Humanism 7
2.1 Benevolent 7
2.2 Positive and Optimistic 8
2.3 Being Lenient to His Friends 9
Chapter Three The Causes of David's Humanism 10
3.1 The Miserable Childhood Experience 10
3.2 The Unequal Treatment on Him 11
3.3 The Love Influence of His Relatives on Him 12
Chapter Four Conclusion 14
4.1 Major Findings 14
4.2 Enlightenment 15
4.2.1 Dare to Challenge Fate 16
4.2.2 To be a Kind Person 17
4.3 Significance And Limitations 18
Chapter 5 Conclusion 19
Conferences 20
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chapter One Introduction
 
1.1 Introduction of the Writer and The works
 
In America, Dickens is also very popular and “the audience enthusiastically welcome him, people even sleep in the ticket office at the stool out of the window, waiting to buy tickets. Small hall can not meet the requirements of the audience, then the place has changed in the cathedral. Dickens has been in America for more than five months, and read three hundred and seventy times. Then he feels that his thoughts is acceptable even at abroad, and he decides to popularize it when he returns to his motherland. In this period, he creates another masterpiece David Copperfield, which is even his “the most favorite children”, because he once said that “of all my works, I like this best. It will be easily believed that I am a fond parent to every child of my fancy,  and that no one can ever love that family as dearly as I love them. But, like many fond parents, I have in my heart of hearts a favorite child. And his name is DAVID COPPERFIELD.”  (Charles Dickens, 1869: i) 
In addition,just like his other works, David Copperfield is also a novel about a young boy’s sufferings, facing hardships during the process of growing up in a poor family and then living a life of a beggar in a big city. In some way, the whole story was similar to Dickens’, so it can be said that it is Dickens’ autobiography novel or the literature reappearance of his personal story, the countless plots in the book are very similar to the experience of Dickens, and the author poured numerous efforts and feelings into the book. Well, the main content of the book is that the hero David Copperfield was self-taught after his birth, experienced so much various difficulties and hardships and met so many evil and kind people, and eventually became a famous writer on his road of life. The novel described a broad and panoramic picture of the early Victorian era in 
British society during the middle 19th century comprehensively and with detail, showing the people’s state of different classes at that time. Many of characters in the novel were not rich, middle-class men and women, but low-class, poor, hungry people. Dickens used his unique talent to call for the public attention to the maladies and concern with the 
weak, especially the mistreatment of children, the hypocrisy of the bourgeoisie and children’ rights to fair education. In other words, the novels deeply expressed Dickens’ humanitarian philosophy of f life and moral ideas through the different characters portrayal and different subject analysis. David Copperfield was the masterpiece of Dickens; it was his unremittingly efforts up to the longest of a semi-autobiographical work, in May 1849 to November 1850 installment was published. In the preface, Dickens said: In all my works, my favorite in this department. ... It is my favorite child. 
David and Steerforth were two different images that have great differences. Such as kind-hearted fisherman Peggotty and David, despite a poor family, didn’t receive education, but to hold an honest and good heart, while rich Steerforth was an invalid character in stark contrast.
At the same time, it reflected Dickens' own morality: What goes around comes around. Such as a symbol of evil Heap and Steerforth has been duly punished; kind-hearted people have found a popular destination that they were dreamed to come all the time.
Dickens was the main representative of realism literature of the 19th century. The art of witty words, nuanced psychological analysis and realism were combined together closely. He was particularly famous for his vivid comic characterizations and social criticism. He was the first author who had written of the poor with fidelity and sympathy. His works were famous during novels of the Victorian age and among the great classics in all fiction.
Dickens was born in February, 1812, at Landport, Portsmouth. He was the second of eight children. His father was a clerk, hardworking but imprudent, later caricatured as Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield. In 1822, the family moved to London, where Charles had to leave school to help support his impoverished family. In 1824, his father was put into prison for debt. At the age of 12, Dickens was sent to going to work at a factory. He wrapped and labeled for 6 shillings a week. After work, he wandered through the streets of London, enthralled by the sight of the dockyards, the files of convicts, and vast sections of the city inhabited by the poor. These bitter days remained in his memory and later found expression in his works.
Dickens was able to return to school after a small legacy helped release his father from prison. He was an avid reader and spent much time in the reading room of the British Museum and learnt short-hand. Although he later returned to school for a time, this experience left a permanent mark on the soul of Charles Dickens. Even many years later, after he had become a successful author, he could not bear to talk about it, or be reminded of his family’s ignominy.
At the age of fifteen Dickens began Scholars believe that David Copperfield's careers, friendships, and love life were most highly influenced by Dickens' experiences, as well as his time working as a child. David's involvement with the law profession and later his career as a writer mirror the experiences of Dickens. Many of David's friends are based on people Dickens actually knew, and David's wives, Agnes Wickfield and Dora, are believed to be based upon Dickens' attachment to Mary Hogarth. Dickens keenly felt his lack of education during his time at that factory, and according to the Forster biography, it was from these times that he drew David's working period.
As a famous British realistic critical writer, Charles Dickens always connected with The Times and tried to keep pace with The Times in the process of writing his works. Dickens shows the hypocrisy, greed and cruelty of the society through realistic ways. Use deep feelings to show sympathy for those at the bottom of society. David Copperfield is not only an important representative of his autobiography, but also a work showing a strong humanitarian spirit.
When Dickens was a child, his family background was not very good. His father's income was limited, but he was often extravagant. The Dickenses ran up a lot of debt. It is a pity that Dickens's father ended up in debtor's prison for his debt prison. At the age of 11, Dickens agreed to work as a child laborer in a leather shoe factory with his parents to solve his family problem. There are often children eating cake and pressing their noses against the glass to watch Dickens' expressions and movements. These actions hurt Dickens's pride. But it also made Dickens sympathetic to the underclass. At that time, Dickens developed a desire for more care and help. Dickens did not use the form of resistance to liberate himself. That is, he did not fight violence with violence and evil with evil. So Dickens is kind and weak. Like David Copperfield, he was pure and kind at heart. He wanted to use softer forms to make life better for the lower classes. This is a kind of humane Lord, the spirit of righteousness.
 
1.2 About the Humanism
 
Humanitarianism is an ideological system originated in the Renaissance period of Europe. It advocates caring for, loving and respecting people, and it is a people-oriented and people-centered world view. In the period of the French bourgeois revolution, the connotation of humanism was concretely translated into such slogans as "freedom", "equality" and "fraternity". Humanism played an active role in opposing feudalism during the bourgeois revolution. Dickens advocated equality and fraternity and hoped that the world would become equal and fraternity while criticizing the malady of capitalist society. Throughout his work, he promotes fraternity and equality. Take David for example, he is sincere, philanthropic and kind. No matter what difficulties he meets, he is firm and full of hope. The final taste of happiness and sweetness is also their own kindness and love, unswerving confidence and tolerance of others.
David Copperfield is full of humanitarian love and kindness, which may be related to the author's own Christian belief. In the 19th century, the British bourgeoisie developed rapidly. At the same time, the freedom, equality and fraternity of the Renaissance prevailed in the whole society. It is also in this social environment, Dickens was deeply affected. In this novel, it is not difficult to find that David's various encounters are only the surface, and the deep surface is that Dickens USES David's experience to expose the malpractice of the whole society, that is, the destruction of money on family, marriage and other aspects. He deeply expresses his criticism and aversion to the material society. While criticizing, he pays more attention to the praise of beautiful things -- equality, freedom, fraternity, sincerity and integrity. David may have been poor, sad, his mother was crushed to death, but he was also lucky. After his mother died, he was also cared and loved by Peggotty, which was also the "great love" Dickens wanted to show. People may be many obstacles, but by the encouragement and care of others may come out of the life of disappointment and hesitation, also ushered in the light.1.3 Literature Review
British writer Somerset Maugham as truly a masterpiece of literary works. 
By looking at a large number of books and humanitarian academic literature, I found that although Dickens’ novels have been studied from many perspectives, the novel David Copperfield has not attracted much academic attention.
In the past few decades, Dickens and his novels have been the focus of academic research. It is not difficult to see the history of humanitarian studies in various countries from the studies of China and the West. At the same time, humanitarian analysis of the person image of the play is not a small number of works.
George Gissing published Charles Dickens: A Critical Study in 1898 which analyzes the style,characterization, satiric portraiture and so on.
Edgar Johnson’s Charles Dickens: His Tragedy and Triumphs this scholars concentrated on Dickens’ life, in which the writer considered his life to be just like the life in his novels, full of tragedy and comedy.
 Others focus on the art of Dickens’ works, like in The Imagined World of Charles Dickens by Mildred Newcomb. Dickens’ popularity in China could be fully manifested by the increasing number of scholars who study on his works. 
Some scholars have studied the relation of Dickens works to the political, moral, and social realities of the Victorian age, like in George Newlin’s Everything in Dickens: Ideas and Subjects Discussed by Charles Dickens in his Complete Works. There are also many domestic researches, mainly concentrating on the theme and characters study, comparative study and artistic research. 
The book Research in Dickens’ Novels by Zhao Yanqiu was written from three aspects: theme, character and writing technique.  And there are also a small number of articles starting from railway, ruins, prisons and other specific images. Most of the domestic thesis mainly focus on a single work and the materials are fragmented, lacking a holistic and systematic statement about Dickens’ humanistic thought.
One of American literature connoisseurs recommends one hundreds of the 20th century, distinguishing English novel. David Copperfield is filled with characters of the most astonishing variety, vividness, and originality, noted Somerset Maugham. They are not realistic and yet they abound with life. There never were such people as the Micawbers, Pegotty and Barkis, Traddles, Betsey Trotwood and Mr. Dick, Uriah Heep and his mother.
The story is told almost entirely from the point of view of the first person narrator, David Copperfield himself, and was the first Dickens novel to do so.Dickens based the book in part on the difficult early years of his own life.
Influenced by Carlyle, Dickens learned, as did his literary contemporaries, to direct his fiction to a questioning of social priorities and inequalities, to a distrust of institutions, particularly defunct or malfunctioning ones, and to a pressing appeal for action and earnestness. He was prone to take up issues, and to campaign against what he saw as injustice or desuetude, using fiction as his vehicle. He was not alone in this in his own time, but his name continues to be popularly associated with good causes and with remedies for social abuses because he was quite the wittiest, and he have had the most persuasive, and the most influential voice. Dickens was faithful to the teaching, and to the general theological framework, of Christianity as a moral basis for his thought, his action and above all, for his writing, nevertheless. A critical awareness that there was something deeply wrong with the society in which he lived sharpened the nature of his fiction and gave it its distinct political edge. Dickens’ novels are multifarious, digressive and humorous.
In an important way, they reflect the nature of Victorian urban society with all its conflicts and dis-harmonies, its eccentricities and its constrictions, its energy and its extraordinary fertility, both physical and intellectual. But the standard pattern in his novels is the basic conflict between money on the one hand, and loves on the other. What this conflict usually reveals is that the people who have greatest love for their fellow humans are also the ones who are most hurt by the world of money, simply because money is power. In his novels, the people who possess most money and most power seem incapable of love, whereas the people who are capable of love are very often both poor and powerless. And yet, this gloomy view is counteracted by Dickens’ comic way of dealing with his characters.
 
Chapter Two The manifestation of David's of Humanism
 
Charles Dickens' position in the development of English realistic literature is self-evident. It has become an important representative writer of realistic culture. It is not hard to find that Charles Dickens prefers to describe the "little people" at the bottom of society in detail. It is also an expression of concern for public life. David Copperfield is a representative work in his creative process. The form of the work is semi-autobiographical. He spoke in the first person, mainly to the orphan David. His life experience is described. The humanitarian spirit is everywhere in the works.
 
2.1 Benevolent
 
In David Copperfield, David Copperfield is a lovely figure. Its image is also an important display of the author himself. David had a rough fate. He lost his mother when he was a child, and then he experienced a lot of hardships. shoppers
What followed was the seizure of property, forced child labor and exile. This made the young David suffer a lot. However, after experiencing all the hardships of life, David still has a kind and pure heart, and he still believes in the existence of society
Sincerity and true love. Here, David still has a certain hope for society and a strong passion for life. The emergence of these phenomena is an effective manifestation of the humanitarian spirit. No matter how hard life hits David, it still hits him
He lives with hope and in his life there is always love. In this situation, David finally got love and happiness. That's how much life loves David.
David Copperfield is Dickens' attempt to expose and criticize the darkness and evil of capitalist social reality by means of the interests of the British middle and small bourgeoisie. It incorporates the author's own experience. Dickens also worked as a child laborer, and it was his own experience that made him more clearly show his criticism of social exploitation. Under the new historical conditions, due to the change of class relations, humanism also had new characteristics. The slogan "freedom, equality and fraternity" is not only aimed at the feudal aristocracy, but also at the big bourgeoisie in power. The difference between the rich and the poor in capitalist society is also an obstacle to the full display of their aspirations. In this way, critical realism writers not only lashed out at the feudal hierarchy, but also focused their fire on the relationship between people in the capitalist system where money was the only thing. In their eyes, due to the money caused by the tragedy, the drama, is against the "humane" spirit; The deformed soul caused under the control of money, as well as the decline of morality and the corruption of morality, are not in line with the natural development of "human nature". Dickens also fully demonstrated this point in his novels.
 
2.2 Positive and Optimistic
 
David had deep emotions, with a pure love to the world, even if later destroyed by her stepfather and bad schools, also still kept his candor, sincere and noble quality, he was forced to leave home for his age, involved in the struggle to survive in order to seek the future and hope, with indomitable perseverance, he was walking tens, go to my aunt never seen before our eyes is brushed not to such a picture: a screen weak young, ragged sill lv, destitute, dusty and tired, but still firmly to walk in the dusk, although he did not know what is waiting for his will, and in the face of setbacks and suffering, is not David resignation, Passive submission to the external environment and bad forces, but continuous efforts, always keep the confidence to move forward. In the eyes of the strong, hardship and fear are nothing but the whirl and chaos of life. His positive spirit never changes, but he always seeks for the true meaning of life. This echoes Dickens himself: I can't relax at all, only struggle to the end, anxiety, or whatever you want to call it, it always drives me to stop, I can't do anything about it and if I don't go far enough, if I don't go fast enough, I'm going to explode, I'm going to be destroyed, that's my nature. I drive myself forward as if I were driving the characters in the novel forward. Power is such big, 0 the enterprising consciousness, is to purify the soul, self transcendence, the spirit of self-improvement motivation, is innovation, environment of self driven, is a kind of historical progress and time requirements for self-regulation of the reference system, is the life consciousness and subject consciousness appearance, also agreed with the British unceasingly enterprising, calm and brave national character, after such edify, characters become increasingly full, characters are more sincere and pure, more passion and charm, full of vitality.
 
2.3 Being Lenient to His Friends 
 
The character of David is the key image of the author, because his story runs through the whole novel, and the persistent, brave, open and aboveboard and kind character traits emanating from him are so dazzling. From childhood to adulthood, David is so "approachable", he attracts others to approach him, he wins Dora's heart with his own hard work, and he realizes his dream of being a writer with his own efforts. Of course, the personality charm presented by David in the novel galloped in that depressed era, and his tender nature radiated from his heart to his body, making his friends and relatives moved. When aunt Bates went bankrupt,
He took her in without reserve; When he found Mr. Wiggins still on the run, he offered to help him. When Mr. Weaver was persecuted by Heep, he took the initiative to negotiate with Heep, hoping to keep weaver away from danger. He went to the countryside to look for Peggottyand visited her family many times. David's various behaviors made him win the love and attachment of his friends and relatives. He did not suffer from the blow he suffered in his childhood. He was favored by the god in his constant struggle and finally realized his dream.

...............
...............
...............
 
分享到:
------分隔线----------------------------
发表评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
最新评论
随机推荐原创论文