????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????---???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
In the late 1970s, with Deng Xiaoping as the core of the central leadership collective emancipation of the mind, unity, led all the people to open the great journey of reform and opening up. In the practice of the reform process, Deng Xiaoping dares to explore, constantly thinking, summarize experience in a timely manner, to reform is what, why and how to promote the made a profound answer, and it puts forward a series on the reform of the important ideas, forming a distinctive characteristics of the times of the Deng Xiaoping Thought on reform. Of the party since eighteen, especially of the party since the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, a new generation of central collective leadership with Xi Jinping as the core, in the new era and the realistic demand, opened a comprehensive deepening reform of the great new journey; discusses the important problems in current China's comprehensive deepening reform; reform based on Deng Xiaoping thoughts on the formation of a rich heritage of a series of new ideas, new ideas and new conclusions --- Xi Jinping reform thought, undoubtedly, compare and analysis of Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping's two general designer of the reform and the reform ideas, to clarify the reform context, fully grasp the spirit of deepening reform and promote the comprehensive deepening of reform has important practical significance.
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First, what is the reform
1985 ? 3 ? 28 ???????? “????????????”[1]P113?? 8 ? 21 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1985 ???????????????????? “?????????????????????????????????????”[1]P1421992??????????????????????????????????????????????? “???????????????????”[1]P370“??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[1]P370???????????????????????????????????????????????
In March 28, 1985, Deng Xiaoping put forward: "reform is the second revolution in china." 21 [1]P113 in August of the same year, Deng Xiaoping in the meeting with President Nyerere of the United Republic of Tanzania, this assertion made supplement, he pointed out that the reform is a revolutionary change, its properties with the revolution of the past, in order to eliminate the obstacles obstacles to the development of the productive forces. In the 1985 National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "reform is the self perfection of the socialist system, in a certain extent, there are some degree of revolutionary change." [1]P1421992. Deng Xiaoping's nearly 90 year old elderly Southern Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places to inspect, published the famous southern talk, talk points out: "the revolution is to liberate the productive forces, reform is to liberate the productive forces." [1]P370 "in the past, only the development of productive forces under socialist conditions, not to say that through the reform of the liberation of productive forces, not entirely. Should emancipate the productive forces and develop the productive forces two to speak all." [1]P370 it is worth noting that Deng Xiaoping will reform as a revolution, not to change the socialist system, but from the meaning of the emancipation of the productive forces.
????????????????????????????????2012 ? 12 ???????????????? “?????????????????????????????????????????????”[2]P2???“???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[2]P32012 ? 12 ? 31 ????????????????????????????? “?????????????????????????‘?????’?????????????????????”[2]P3??????????????????“?????”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“???”?“???”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
After more than thirty years of glorious practice, people have further understanding and understanding of it. In December 2012, Xi Jinping in Guangdong inspection work pointed out: "reform and opening to the outside world is the history of our party on a great awakening, is the great awakening gave birth to the great creation in the new period from theory to practice. At the same time, [2]P2. "The policy of reform and opening to the outside world is the source of vitality for the development and progress of contemporary China, is an important weapon to our party and people have to catch up with the times, is that the persistence and development of the Chinese characteristic socialism is the only way." [2]P32012 in December 31,, in the eighth session of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the second collective study meeting, Xi also stressed: "the policy of reform and opening to the outside world is to decide the destiny of contemporary China the key move, also decided to realize the" two one hundred years' struggle goals, to achieve the Chinese nation great rejuvenation of key strokes. " [2]P3 can be seen, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping in different dimensions of reform is what gives a different answer, but this appears to be different answers are similar to the Miao. Deng Xiaoping is the analysis from the dimension of the essence of reform, because at the beginning of the reform, people's understanding of the reform is still very vague, confused the essential difference between reform and revolution and common, to reform and opening up there is considerable doubts. To achieve this, we must first understand the reform in the end is what the fundamental problem, only to reform the clear understanding, in order to maximize consensus, brought together hundreds of millions of people's boundless strength, sailing, open the wheel of the history of reform and opening to the outside world. While Xi Jinping is from the great significance of the reform of this dimension analysis, because the reform and opening up has made remarkable achievements in history, people have a more profound understanding of the reform. And the current reform is to "deep water area", "critical period" forward, increase the difficulty of reform, so it needs that reform is of great significance to strengthen people confidence in deepening the reform to redouble their efforts to promote the wheel of history is the smooth progress in reform and opening up.
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Two, on the reform of why
???????????????????????????????????????“???”?“?????”?????????????????????????????1976 ???“???”?????“????”??????????????????????????????????????????????????????1978 ?12? 13 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“???????????????????????????”[3]P131.??????????????????????????????????????1989 ?9 ?4 ????????????????????????????????????????????????“????????????”[1]P318.“??????????????????????? ??????????”[1]P320“? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ???”[1]P321???????????????????
As is known to all, our party in the exploration of socialist construction road had quite a few detours, suffered a big setback, "great leap forward", "the Great Cultural Revolution" movement of productivity caused great damage and cause there was a low level of people's life. 1976 years down the "Gang of four", but also by the "two whatevers" error of the guiding ideology of the impact and economic development has been hovering before. In this context, the liberation and development of productive forces has become the most urgent requirements of the masses of the people. Deng Xiaoping in the 1978 December 13, the central working conference closing ceremony "emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, unite as one to look ahead," the speech, he in a statement issued a call to emancipate our minds and brains, solve problems left over from the past and new a series of problem, "right reform productivity and rapid development does not adapt to the relations of production and the superstructure" [3]P131. this speech is then held the Third Plenary Session of the 11th to make reform and opening up the great historical decision made the ideological preparations. On September 4, 1989, Deng Xiaoping in with several central responsible comrades talk earnestly said that the policy of reform and opening to the outside world may not be waived, if not try some, some test, "certainly not up to [1]P318. our strategic goal" "no reform and opening to the outside world, there is no hope. Where did you come from these ten years? Is from the reform and opening up." [1]P320 "policy of reform and opening up is stable, China has great hope." [1]P321 in addition, in the South Talk, Deng Xiaoping also pointed out that:
“???‘?·?’????????????? ???????????????????????????????”[1]P371??????????????????????????????????????????????“???????????????”[2]P6.2013? 9 ? 17 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
"Why 'four, six' after our country can be very stable? Is because we have engaged in reform and opening up, promote economic development, people's lives have been improved." Current [1]P371 and environment at home and abroad happened very profound changes, facing a series of problems and challenges in the aspects of education, social security, ecological environment, "to solve these problems, the key is to deepen the reform [2]P6.2013 in September 17, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee held a panel discussion with non party people will on deepening the reform of the inevitability for the profound exposition, he points out, deepen reform, is the realization of the party's eighteen depicts the completed a comprehensive well-off society, further emancipate and develop social productive forces and achieve economic and social sustainable and healthy development of the inevitable requirement. It can be said that the reform and opening up is the inevitable choice to conform to the trend of world development, to meet the new requirements of China's development and the people's new expectations and to seize the commanding heights of the future development of the inevitable choice.
???“????????????????????????????????????”,“???????????????????????????????????”.[4]P39 -40?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”???????????????????????????????????????????????????
Therefore, "in the process of socialist modernization, we must reform and opening to the outside world, hold high the banner, must not have the slightest shake", the whole party to strengthen confidence in the reform, with greater political courage and wisdom, more powerful measures and methods to promote reform and.[4]P39 40 obviously, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping for understanding the necessity of reform and opening to the outside world and the urgent is basically the same, that is, reform is the urgent need of social development, in order to solve the corresponding background under the most prominent, the most important problem. We can see that in the Tang era, the biggest problem facing society is collective poverty, reform is to accelerate economic development, the "cake" bigger, encourage the elite few have the knowledge, technology and thinking through their own hard work and ability and cleverness first rich; and in the learning era, economic development has been has made remarkable achievements and prominent problems into a few people to get rich first build benefit curing barriers and monopolise the development opportunity, therefore, the current reform is to break the interests of curing barriers, creating a development environment more fair, the cake good, let all people to share the reform and development of the bonus results. In the final analysis, the reform is forced by the problem, is to solve the problem of China's reality.
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Three, on how to promote reform
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(a) the same point
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1985 ? 4 ? 15 ?????????????? “???????????????????????????????????????????????”[1]P1161985 ? 8 ? 28 ?????????????????????????????“???????????????????????????????”[1]P138.“????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[1]P139???? 1985 ???????????????????? “?????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ???”[1]P142??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2012 ?12 ?31 ???????????????????????????? “??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[2]P15??????????????????2013 ?11 ?12 ??????????????????????????
First, the direction of reform. Our reform is the self perfection of the socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it must not be subversive at all. We must always adhere to the four cardinal principles and adhere to the correct direction of socialism. Both Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping have made a deep and special emphasis on this. April 15, 1985, Deng Xiaoping met with foreign guests in pointed out: "now we are trying to reform the economy, still have to adhere to the socialist road, adhere to the Communist lofty ideals, the younger generation especially to understand this." [1]P1161985 in August 28,, Deng Xiaoping emphasized that we must always adhere to the socialist orientation in the reform process, "we now speak to invigorate the economy and opening to the outside world is carried out in adherence to the principles of socialism," [1]P138. "in short, our reform, adhere to the public ownership as the main body, and do not pay attention to polarization, over the past four years, we are going in this direction, which is to adhere to the socialist." Deng Xiaoping, the [1]P139 in 1985, the Communist Party of China National Conference on speech pointed out: "in the reform, we always adhere to the two basic principles, one is the society socialist public system economy as the main body, one is common prosperity." [1]P142 Xi Jinping pointed out that our reform is not bourgeois liberalization, but the self perfection of the socialist system, we must adhere to the basic direction of socialism throughout the entire process of reform. On December 31, 2012, at the second session of the eighteen Central Committee of the Political Bureau, Xi Jinping stressed: "in the direction of the problem, we must be very clear headed. Our direction is to continue to promote self-improvement and self-development of the socialist system, rather than to the change of the socialist system. " [2]P15 will never be a subversive error on the fundamental issue. In November 12, 2013, Xi Jinping pointed out at the second plenary session of the Chinese Communist Party in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee:
“???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[2]P20?????????“?????????????”,?????????????????????
To proceed from China's national conditions, from the actual situation of the economic and social development leadership step by step to promote reform, nor a sensational effect, not superficial, always adhere to the reform and opening to the outside world in the right direction. " [2]P20 the so-called reform in the right direction, that is, no matter how the reform, how open, we must unswervingly follow the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1985 ?4? 15 ??????????????????????“??????????????”[1]P118,????????????????????????????????????????1988 ? 6 ? 7 ????????????????????????????????????????“????????????????”[1]P268.
Second, on the subject of reform. Historical materialism tells us that the people are the source of the real power to promote the progress of history. Reform as a key step in the process of great history, the same must closely rely on the people, fully respect the wishes of the people and the spirit of the first, adhere to the people-oriented. Xi Jinping and Deng Xiaoping, as two great historical materialist, have a deep understanding of this point. Deng Xiaoping in 1985 April 15, met with the United Republic of Tanzania Vice President Ali Hassan mwinyi pointed out that "reform is everyone's doctrine, the demands of the people [1]P118. The success of the reform and no end to whether meet the requirements of the broad masses of the people, whether to raise the people's standard of living. June 7, 1988, Deng Xiaoping in meeting with the leaders of the Polish United workers' Party and mentioned, our successful reform experience lies in two points. "The first rule is to make with the people together to discuss the work [1]P268.
Xi Jinping in "to ensure the ideological unity of the party's spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the eighth up" article pointed out: "the reform and opening up the reason to get the broad masses of people's wholehearted support and actively participate in, the most fundamental reason is it makes the cause of reform and opening up deeply rooted in the masses of the people...... Without the support and participation of the people, the success of any reform can not be achieved. Regardless of any difficulties and challenges, as long as there are people to support and participate in, there is no difficulty to overcome, there is no more but the hom." [2]P141 reform and socialist revolution and construction, is to the people's fundamental interests and struggle, in order to promote more equitable social justice, in order to realize the people's desire for a better life. Therefore, "on the journey ahead, as long as our party always adhere to the people's interests above everything else, closely rely on the people will forever remain invincible" [4]P23.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1987 ? 6 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[1]P237.1988 ? 6 ??????????????????????? “??????????????????????????????????????????????”[1]P268????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????[5]P3 -5.?????????????????????????????????????????
Third, the field of reform. Reform is the first from the rural areas, mainly to change the rigid production relations, that is, the main economic system reform. In the economic system reform made significant progress at the same time, Deng Xiaoping acutely aware, if not at the same time to carry out political and other areas of reform will greatly obstacles and restricting the progress of the reform of the economic system, we advocate the reform should be is a whole, comprehensive reform. In June 1987, Deng Xiaoping in meeting with the Yugoslav Communist League leaders said that our reform is a comprehensive reform, including the reform of economic system, the reform of the political system and the corresponding in all other areas of reform [1]P237.1988 in June, Deng Xiaoping met with Polish president a PKK leader, profoundly pointed out: "only by deepening reform, and is a comprehensive reform, to ensure this century to reach comparatively well-off level, but also in the progress of the next century better." [1]P268's the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decision to focus on making the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources to deepen economic reform, uphold and improve the basic economic system; closely around the party's leadership, the people are the masters of the rule of law to deepen the political system reform; focus on the construction of socialist culture and power of socialist core value system, deepen the culture system reform; focus on better protect and improve people's livelihood, promote social fairness and justice to deepen reform of the social system; focus on the construction of the beautiful Chinese deepening reform of ecological civilization; focus on the improvement of scientific democratic and law based governance to deepen the reform of Party building system [5]P3 -5. which can be seen, with Xi Jinping as the core of the new central the collective leadership and pay more attention to the whole field of reform And overall.
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It is necessary to point out that, due to the limitations of the times, Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening to the outside world mainly concentrated in the field of economic, political, social, is not related to culture, the field of ecological civilization, but undeniable is, Deng Xiaoping is with the reform of the overall thinking.
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(two) different points
???????????1978 ? 12 ? 13 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[3]P131.1984 ? 10 ?26 ????????????????????“???????????‘????’?????????”[1]P95.?????????????????????????????????
First, on the premise of reform. In December 13, 1978, Deng Xiaoping published a report entitled "emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts in the central work conference concluded the meeting, looking ahead in unity" of the famous speech, speech pointed out that only the ideological liberation, we can correctly reform with rapid development of productivity is not adapt to the production relations and superstructure, in order to solve the issues from the past and a series of the new [3]P131.1984 in October 26th, Deng Xiaoping in talks with Maldives's then president, said, "our reform experience is to adhere to the" realistic "principle, go your own way" [1] P95. in general, in Deng Xiaoping's view, the basic premise of the reform is to emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts.
Station in the comprehensive deepening reform and the new historical juncture, a new situation in the face of social structure, profound changes, social interest is cured, the social contradiction is more prominent, Xi Jinping, should more firm confidence, greater consensus, unswervingly push forward reform and opening up. One is confidence, is to "dare kenyinggutou, dare to wade rapids, both the courage to break through obstacles of ideas, and the courage to break the barriers of the interests of curing, do key to -31. confidence in reform does not stop, do not stop open [2]P30 is" further liberate thought, further emancipate and develop social productive forces, further emancipate and enhance social vitality [2]P16. second consensus, "is to form a joint force reform. People Qi, Taishan move." [2]P31. agglomeration consensus lies in considering to different places, different classes, different areas, different aspects of the pattern of interests, "seek common ground while reserving differences", to extract the greatest common divisor, focused on the reform and opening up, gathers the advance the power of reform and opening to the outside world.
???????????????“?????”????????????????????????“???”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Second, on the way of reform. Due to the impact of the "Cultural Revolution" ten years of catastrophe, our country's legal system by a considerable impact, the public security organs were smashed the stopped. Check system is canceled, the rule of man above on top of the rule of law, the legal consciousness of people is also very weak. At the beginning of the reform and opening up, this situation has improved, but did not achieve a fundamental twist.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??????????????”,?????“????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[1]P380 -381???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??????????????????????????????????????????”[5]P31 -32.?????????????????????????????????? “?????????????”[2]P153??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Therefore, under this background, promote the reform relies mainly on is leader's personal charisma and political courage and strong will, the specific ways of reform is inevitably showed through the central to local, superior to subordinate administrative command to advance. In this case, the actual direction of reform is to a large extent subject to the influence of the leadership of the subjective preferences and practical ability. It is also because of this, Deng Xiaoping in the south to talk to a profound point, "socialism and reform and opening up can not adhere to," the key to the people. "Now is to people recognized election is people who adhere to the line of reform and opening up and achievement in one's post, boldly put in the new leading bodies, making people feel we sincerely want to engage in reform and opening up." -381 [1]P380 and this difference, with the continuous deepening of the reform of the administrative judicial system, the concept of rule of law in our country has been gradually established. The Third Plenary Session of the party is clearly put forward the great task for the construction of rule of law in China stressed the need to "adhere to the rule of law and administration according to law, to jointly promote administration according to law, adhere to the country under the rule of law, rule of law government, rule of law and social integration" [5]P31 -32. according to this requirement, Xi Jinping in central and comprehensively deepen reform leading group for the second meeting of the special emphasis on: "where major reforms to according to law." [2]P153 that is to say, we proposed reform of the major decision-making, submitted to the people's representative conference to be reviewed and approved before implementation, abandon the previous government leading thinking, instead through the use of the rule of law thinking, lead and push forward the reform of the new voyage. This is Xi Jinping's greatest transcendence of Deng Xiaoping's reform approach.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“???????????????”,“????????”,“????????”,??????????????????????????????????????????[1]P372.
Third, on the methodology of reform. In the late seventies of the last century led by Deng Xiaoping's reform is a unprecedented pioneering career, no ready way to copy, there is no experience can be used for reference and rely on is the courage to experiment. Deng Xiaoping pointed out that "spotted, try boldly, and rush boldly," there is no point to break through the spirit "," you do not new career. The experimental results show that correct, persist, even if the trial and error, do not be afraid, quickly corrected, timely sum up both positive and negative aspects of the experience [1]P372.
?????????????????“??????????????????????”[1]P374.???????????????????“??????”,?????????????????????????????????2012 ? 12 ????????????????
In addition, he also proposed not to engage in debate, because "debate is complicated, the time fight off, what also do not" a word to [1]P374. word, Deng Xiaoping's method on the reform of the theory is "crossing the river by feeling the stones", this theory in the process of reform, especially play a crucial role in the initial stage of the reform. In December 2012, when Xi Jinping was working in Guangdong, it was pointed out that:
“?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[2]P30??????????? ???????????????????????????????“????????????????????????????????????????????”[2]P32.“?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[2]P47.??????????????????????????????????????“????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[2]P43 -44.??????????“??????”?“????”???????????????????
China's reform has entered a crucial stage and deep water, to further deepen reform, we must pay more attention to reform of the system, the overall, coordinated, integrated to promote important areas and key areas of reform." [2]P30 the key is to follow the following two points: overall planning and collaborative promotion. First, overall planning, is to improve the scientific nature of the reform decisions. "Strengthen judged on the Reform Association, efforts to achieve global and local matching, a combination of permanent and temporary, progressive and breakthrough to promote" [2]P32. "treatment of liberating thought and seeking truth from facts, the overall progress and breakthroughs in key areas, global and local relationships, top-level design and feeling the stones across the river, daring to large and steps to stabilize the relationship between stability and reform and development, and strive to improve the operation ability and executive force, to ensure the deployment of the central decision-making timely and accurate implementation of the place [2]P47. coordination to promote, is to enhance the reform measures of coordination, the relevant coordinate and push forward the reform of the positive energy of the polymerization. "If is not complete in the reforms in all areas and all aspects of the reform measures are involved and even conflict with each other, a comprehensive reform of the difficult to push down, even if reluctantly forward, the effect will be discounted" [2]P43 -44. comes down to a point, is to "crossing the river by feeling the stones" and "top design" combined, more optimized method of overall planning and scientific.
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To sum up, Xi Jinping reform thought and Deng Xiaoping's reform thought is come down in one continuous line, and that the former on the basis of the latter have under the new conditions of time and space of the new thinking and new ideas, that is to say, Xi Jinping reform thought is the new development of Deng Xiaoping's reform, a new realm, is to grasp the reform rules of more comprehensive, deeper and more scientific. We firmly believe that under the correct guidance of the Xi Jinping reform thought, socialism with Chinese characteristics will achieved great victory in the new, fully completed the great goal of well-off society and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation's dream can realize smoothly.
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Reference?
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[2]?????????? ???????????????[M]. ??? ????????2014.
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[4]???????? ??????????????[M].??? ????????????2014.
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