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企业文化研究综述

时间:2022-08-22 来源:未知 编辑:梦想论文 阅读:
Enterprise culture is a new subject that was differentiated from the field of Management Science in the 1980s. In the short 30 years, enterprise culture has made great progress and has been widely concerned by all circles. The fundamental reason why it can attract extensive attention and research from academic and business circles at home and abroad is that it can inject fresh vitality into enterprises and bring rich economic and social benefits. Corporate culture has gradually become a spiritual force to improve business performance and promote enterprise development.
 
1、 The meaning of enterprise culture
 
John, an American leadership expert? P? Kurt and James? L? Heskett defines enterprise culture as the enterprise values and business practices shared by all departments of an enterprise, at least the top managers of the enterprise. It refers to the common cultural phenomenon owned by various functional departments of a branch or departments located in different geographical environments in an enterprise. Michael? Zweil wrote in the book "creating a capability based enterprise culture". From the perspective of business activities, enterprise culture is the life style of an organization, which can be passed down from generation to generation by enterprise employees. Enterprise culture can thus be defined as the operation mode of the organization that is reflected and spread in all departments of the organization and can be inherited by the next generation of employees, including a set of beliefs, behavior modes, values, goals, technologies and practices shared by the members of the organization.
 
Jacqueline? Sheraton and James? In his book enterprise culture: removing potential obstacles to enterprise success, Stern said that enterprise culture generally refers to the environment and personality of an enterprise and all aspects of an enterprise. It is like a person's behavior, with its own unique characteristics. Zhang De, a professor of Tsinghua University, pointed out in the construction of enterprise culture that enterprise culture refers to the highest personal behavior goals and value standards that all employees of an enterprise have cultivated and formed in the long-term process of entrepreneurship and development and have consistently observed. Enterprise culture is a complex of enterprise idea form culture, material form culture and system form culture.
 
Gao Zhanxiang, executive vice minister of the Ministry of culture, said: "enterprise culture is an organic and important part of the social culture system. It is the comprehensive reflection and expression of national culture and modern consciousness within the enterprise. It is the group consciousness with enterprise characteristics formed under the influence of national culture and modern consciousness and the code of conduct generated by this consciousness." This article believes that enterprise culture is a core value that is cultivated and formed in the process of enterprise development by the enterprise's concept, spirit, visual feeling, unique culture, special environmental atmosphere and other factors, conforms to enterprise ethics, is generally recognized by enterprise employees, and consciously abides by. When we understand the enterprise culture, we need to pay attention to the following characteristics of the enterprise culture:
 
(1) Periodicity: Generally speaking, the corporate culture we refer to refers to the current culture. It does not involve the past culture of the enterprise, nor does it discuss the culture that the enterprise will develop in the future. With the continuous development of the enterprise, the enterprise culture will also be constantly changing.
 
(2) Consensus: corporate culture is a widely recognized and accepted value or element. If there is no consensus within the enterprise or within a certain range, it cannot be called enterprise culture
 
(3) Scope: the corporate culture we are discussing here is generally recognized by all employees in the north and middle of the enterprise. If it is only recognized by employees in several departments of the enterprise, we can only call it department culture.
 
2、 The role of corporate culture
 
Now the society has entered the era of knowledge economy. If an enterprise wants to stand out and succeed in the rapidly changing and fiercely competitive market under a brand-new economic environment and severe business situation, it must seek a road suitable for its continuous development. The practice of a large number of successful enterprises shows that enterprise culture is the core competitiveness of an enterprise to truly maintain and promote its sustainable development, and is an essential part of the enterprise development process. To some extent, the competition of enterprises is also the competition of enterprise culture. The role of corporate culture in the construction and development of enterprises is reflected in the following aspects:
 
(1) Guiding role: the enterprise culture can show the direction of the enterprise, and combine the personal behavior of employees with the objectives of the enterprise. At the same time, the enterprise culture expresses the enterprise's goals with its highly generalized and philosophical language, and deeply engraves it in the hearts of the employees, becoming a part of the employees' spiritual world. Therefore, even if there are obstacles and difficulties in the development of the enterprise, the enterprise goals internalized in the hearts of employees will not become blurred. If an enterprise does not have the attraction of a unified goal, the personal goal of employees and the enterprise goal cannot be unified, and each person goes his own way and develops his own set, then the enterprise will not form a strong competitiveness, and it will be difficult to survive and develop in the competition.
 
(2) Cohesion: the cohesion of corporate culture refers to the promotion of corporate culture to the unity of the enterprise organization and the attraction of the organization to the employees. The reason why an excellent enterprise can bring together several groups and individuals is that it has a strong corporate culture. Corporate culture provides a solid spiritual foundation for enterprise cohesion. It weakens the conflict of interests between employees with common goals, ideals, aspirations and expectations, and makes people stay together for a long time. Corporate culture provides correct guidelines for effectively solving internal contradictions and conflicts. For any enterprise organization, contradictions and conflicts within the enterprise are inevitable and extremely normal. Timely and correct resolution of these contradictions and conflicts will become a breakthrough for the progress and unity of enterprise organizations. However, this is not an easy thing. The key to the difficulty lies in the lack of correct judgment and evaluation criteria. In the final analysis, it is the lack of a strong corporate culture.
 
(3) Incentive effect: the enterprise culture can provide employees with a good psychological environment, interpersonal environment and an environment for giving play to their intelligence, thereby strengthening their work motivation and stimulating their work initiative, enthusiasm and creativity. The motivation of employees is related to the satisfaction of their needs. The needs of employees include not only material and physiological needs, but also social and spiritual needs. Maslow once divided people's needs from low to high into five levels, namely, physiological needs, security needs, social needs, respect needs and self realization needs. Anything that can meet people's needs can strengthen people's work motivation and stimulate their vitality. However, the material stimulation to employees can only meet people's physiological needs and part of their safety needs, far from meeting people's needs at the social and spiritual levels. Therefore, on the basis of material stimulation, we should fully develop those things that can widely meet people's social and spiritual needs, so as to improve the incentive effect of enterprises and enhance the motivation of employees. And this kind of thing with high incentive function is enterprise culture.
 
(4) Constraint function: the enterprise culture has an invisible constraint on the thoughts and behaviors of employees. The group ethics and code of conduct formed within the enterprise for a long time can give employees a subtle education like "moistening things silently", so as to realize the unification of external constraint and self constraint.
 
(5) Radiation function: the radiation function of corporate culture refers to the function of corporate culture to spread to the outside, assimilate heterogeneous small cultures, and influence the social culture. Enterprises with strong culture are closed to incoming cultural information and open to outgoing cultural information. The reason why it can be transmitted and spread is that it has a successful accumulation process and is worth learning from.
 
3、 The significance of enterprise culture
 
(1) Enterprise culture is the soul of an enterprise and the driving force for its survival and development
 
In the process of development, any enterprise will refine and form the value concept it believes in, and require the value concept it advocates to become the value concept of its employees, and carefully implement it in practice, so that the value concept it believes in will become the soul guiding the enterprise and its employees. Corporate culture requires employees to identify with the enterprise's institutional arrangements and strategic choices in terms of value concepts, and guide their behavior with the value concepts that conform to the enterprise's institutional arrangements and strategic choices. When the employees take the enterprise culture as the value concept they believe in, they can consciously and actively carry out production activities and become the driving force for the survival and development of the enterprise.
 
(2) Enterprise culture is the cornerstone of enterprise's continuous innovation
 
Enterprise culture is the reflection of the requirements of enterprise system and enterprise management strategy on the value concept of employees. At the same time, enterprise culture has a reaction to the choice of enterprise management strategy arranged by the enterprise system, because everyone has his own thoughts, and the value concept of people will control people's choice and behavior. It is precisely for this reason that the innovation of enterprise culture will inevitably bring about the innovation of employees' value concept, and will also promote the innovation of enterprise system and business strategy. Enterprises can survive in the fierce market environment only by following the trend of the times and constantly innovating.
 
(3) Enterprise culture is the source power to improve enterprise efficiency, brand and image
 
Strengthening the construction of enterprise culture can improve the popularity and reputation of enterprises and products, enhance the sense of honor, loyalty and responsibility of employees, and unify the thinking of employees. Employees always keep in mind the objectives and development direction of the enterprise in their work, and maintain a high spirited and self-improvement spirit, so that they can actively pay attention to the future and destiny of the enterprise and regard the survival and development of the enterprise as their own interests. Consciously maintain the reputation of the enterprise, strive to create, protect and develop the brand, and contribute all their strength to the development of the enterprise.
 
To sum up, this paper believes that the construction of enterprise culture is an eternal theme in the process of long-term development and upgrading of enterprises, and the construction of advanced enterprise culture is an important guarantee for enterprises to survive. Only by continuously promoting the innovation of enterprise culture and accelerating the management innovation and technology innovation of enterprise culture, can the enterprise continue to develop in the competitive market and constantly demonstrate its core competitiveness.
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