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地震灾区学生的心理健康研究

时间:2021-09-01 来源:未知 编辑:梦想论文 阅读:
Earthquake disaster is a strong stressor, which directly or indirectly affects human's psychology. Studies have found that, due to the cognitive ability and physical functioning of junior high school students is not complete, mental defense ability is low, is a high-risk group of post-traumatic stress disorder [1-3]. At present, the related research on junior high school students is more focused on the long-term impact of disaster, but less research on the acute stress reaction in the early post disaster period. The study authors and other team members use to carry out psychological emergency rescue, in Lushan earthquake after 2 weeks, of the earthquake in Sichuan Province, Lushan County 284 junior middle school students mental health status of the investigation was carried out to provide the basis for the development of timely, scientific and effective psychological intervention program. Reported as follows.
 
 
 
1, data and methods
 
 
 
1.1 in general, 4, 20 Lushan earthquake after 2 weeks, select Lushan disaster 1 simple board room middle school students as the research object, issuing questionnaire 295 copies, 284 valid questionnaires were recovered, including 107 first 100 people, the second and third 77 people; boys and 150 people, 134 females; aged from 12 to 17 years old, the average age (14.44 + 116).
 
 
 
1.2, evaluation tool mental health self rating questionnaire (SRQ-20), a total of 20 items, mainly to investigate anxiety, depression and physical discomfort, such as post disaster prone to psychological experience. Each entry points to 2 points, in order to "yes" (1 points) or "no" (0 points) to answer, the highest score of 20 points, the higher the score, the more prominent symptoms of mental disorders.
 
 
 
1.3 methods by unified trained psychological rescue team (psychiatrists and the national secondary psychological consultant) as a researcher, in line with the class using school class time, to the class as a unit questionnaires and explain the questionnaire and fill in method. Students according to the unified guidance to fill out a questionnaire, fill out the scene immediately after the recovery, voluntary participation, can quit at any time. This is the standard for evaluation of SRQ score more than 8 points that psychological problems need to intervene.
 
 
 
1.4 statistical methods using SPSS 12 statistical software for analysis, measurement data to mean + standard deviation, the two groups compared with the test, the comparison between groups using analysis of variance; count data using 2 test. < 0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.
 
 
 
2, the results
 
 
 
SRQ-20 frequency appears in most of the ten problems in turn is whether or not you feel uneasy, nervous or worried (67.3%); whether you are easy to fatigue (66.9%); if you don't feel happy (65.1%); whether you easily spooked (54.9%); do you find difficult to from the daily activities to fun (53.2%); whether you find yourself very hard to make a decision (51.8%); you are not sleep difference (44%), whether or not you when I feel tired (41.9%); whether you poor appetite (33.1%); if you thinking is not clear (32.7%).
 
The disaster area middle school students SRQ-20 scores more than 8 points and the positive rate was 48.2%. Disaster area junior middle school female student's positive rate was 61.2%, significantly higher than boys of 36.7%, and the difference was statistically significant (2=17.05 < 0. 01); disaster area junior high school boys in score and ([6.69 + 4.12) SRQ-20] ([8.39 + 3.81) of girls below], the difference is statistically significant (=3.58 < 0. 01.
 
 
 
Junior school students in the disaster area of the positive detection rate of 43%, junior high school students were detected, the positive rate of 49.5%, grade students were detected, the positive rate of 53.2%, the positive rate as the grade increased gradually, but grade differences without statistical significance (2=1.94 > 0.05). Disaster area junior middle school students of SRQ-20 score (6.78 + 3.62), junior high school students in grade two of SRQ-20 score (7.77 + 4.28) and SRQ-20 score grade students (8.04 + 421) and SRQ-20 score as the grade increased progressively in the order of (=3.05, < 0. 05), the third grade greater than of junior middle school students (=2.91 < 0. 05); junior high school students score than students of grade one in junior middle school and grade students score greater than junior high school students, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
 
 
 
3, discussion
 
 
 
Acute stress disorder, also known as acute stress reaction, refers to people's reaction to sudden intense stress, generally appear after stress, but not more than 4 weeks, the survey was performed at 2 weeks after the disaster, is in response to acute stress period. Foreign studies have indicated that acute stress disorder is the most significant predictor of [4] in early PTSD, and it has very important significance for psychological intervention in the later period.
 
 
 
This study use SRQ-20 as a screening tool for acute stress reaction and found that 2 weeks after the quake 48.2% of disaster area junior high school students have obvious psychological problems, this and Wen Yuanyuan reported (5) after the Wenchuan earthquake, 1 month disaster area middle school students' PTSD occurred rate was 44.3%. The study found that the most common psychological problems followed by feel restless, nervous or worried about (67.3%), fatigue (66.9%), do not feel happy (65.1%), easily spooked (54.9%), very difficult from the daily activities are fun 53.2%), these psychological problems mainly reflected the symptoms of anxiety, depression and fear, if not timely and effective intervention, affects the student's personality development and mental health, serious person can appear post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders. The positive detection rate of -20 SRQ showed that the population was affected by the psychological range, while the average number of -20 SRQ scores showed the degree of influence. The survey shows that girls in the scope and extent of psychological impact was higher than that of male students, this and Wang Xiangdong et al [6] investigation results similar, possibly due to physiological characteristics between men and women, personality traits and emotional experience, there are differences caused by. When taking the corresponding psychological intervention measures, female students are the focus of attention.
 
 
 
This study suggests that SRQ-20 score of junior middle school students in the disaster area and the positive detection rate were with higher grade and gradually increased, which grade students SRQ-20 score greater than of junior middle school students (< 0.05), indicating that the psychological problems of junior high school students are more prominent, which may and junior high school students, in addition to bear great psychological trauma caused by the earthquake, but also bear the pressure in the test related.
 
 
 
In summary, the earthquake after 2 weeks of Lushan disaster area junior high school students serious mental health problems, there is an urgent need to develop scientific psychological intervention plan, in the specific measures should pay special attention to the gender and grade differences. The deficiency is limited to the subjective and objective conditions, not to the disaster area junior high school students in the future, the positive rate of PTSD (PTSD) and the development of long-term follow-up study.
 
 
 
reference
 
[a] He Jie, Xu Shasha, Zhu Zhuohong,. After the Wenchuan earthquake and its related factors of PTSD symptoms in adolescents [J]. Chinese Clinical Psychology Journal, 2011,19 (3): 389-397 (1): 103-105.
 
[2] to the Ying Jun, Xiong Guoyu, Yu Qiang Dong, et. After Wenchuan earthquake stricken 1960 students trauma stress disorder symptom survey [J]. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 2010,24 (1): 17-20.
 
Shannon MP [3], CJ Lonigan, AJ Finch, al.Children exposed to disaster: I. Epidemi-ology et of post-traumatic symptoms andsymptom profiles[J]. J Am Acad ChildAdolesc Psychiatry 1994,33, (1): 80-93.
 
[4] by soldatos Cr, Paparrigopoulos TJ, PappaDA, et al. Early this status stress dis-order in relation to acute stress reaction:an ICD-10 study among help seekers fol-lowing an earthquake[J]. PsychiatryRes, 2006143 (2 / 3): 245-253.
 
[5] Wen Yuanyuan, Zhang Jianxin, Liu Dehui, et al. Study on the mental health status of middle school students in Wenchuan after the earthquake [J]. Journal of preventive medicine, 2008,24 (11): 853-856.
 
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