[Abstract] reading teaching is the key and breakthrough of Chinese quality education. The starting point and end point of reading teaching is to cultivate students' independent reading ability, that is to say, the ultimate goal of reading teaching is to enable students to read independently. The cultivation of students' reading interest, to create a good atmosphere for reading, recommend good books, creating suitable reading environment; pay attention to the students' reading method instruction, teach students to read, can effectively enhance the comprehensive qualities of Chinese students.
Chinese quality; reading teaching; reading ability; training strategy.
Reading, as the mental skill of extracting, processing and using information from literary works, has been ranked first in the four abilities of chinese. Reading teaching has always been the top priority of Chinese quality education. From the point of view of Chinese education, Chinese education is composed of three aspects: classroom teaching, extracurricular reading, life experience and perception. "Chinese curriculum standards" in the general goal: students should have the ability to read independently, pay attention to emotional experience, there is a wealth of accumulation, the formation of a good sense of language.
Learn to use a variety of reading methods. Able to understand and appreciate literary works, influenced by noble sentiment and taste, develop personality and enrich their spiritual world
The basic purpose of Chinese teaching in primary school is to cultivate students' ability of reading and writing. The starting point and end point of reading teaching is to cultivate students' independent reading ability, that is to say, the ultimate goal of reading teaching is to enable students to read independently. If the students listen to the teacher, the teacher asked the students to answer the teaching method, improve students' reading ability from the essence, the students' vocabulary, speaking and reading, summed up the ability of thinking, also can not get real improvement. The Chinese curriculum must be based on the physical and mental development of students and the characteristics of Chinese learning, attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs, protect students' curiosity, fully arouse students' initiative consciousness and the enterprising spirit, promote independence, cooperation and inquiry learning. Training students to take the initiative to carry out inquiry learning, learning in practice, the use of language, with the ability to read independently, pay attention to emotional experience, there is a wealth of accumulation, the formation of a good sense of language.
The investigation on the extracurricular reading of primary school students shows that the students are not interested in reading. Many students prefer to spend a lot of time watching TV every day. Between TV and out of class books, they prefer video.
And the students have less reading. Reading ability is a very important ability for students, and it is also an important quality for students. The strength of reading ability is closely related to the students' acquisition of knowledge, to improve their interest in learning, to increase their knowledge, and to cultivate their ability to study independently. To master the reading ability or not, is the touchstone of the success of the teaching of reading.
Because of their small age, many students to play the allocated more energy at the same time, the students feel boring for reading, that there is no fun for them, plus the students have a reverse psychology, parents do not let their love, cause students often move to reading.
Therefore, to stimulate students' interest in reading and cultivate their reading ability has become the key to optimize and reform the Chinese education in primary schools.
First, pay attention to the cultivation of students' interest in reading.
Psychological research shows that interest is the primary school students actively participate in the whole process of learning activities is a kind of psychological tendency, learning activities of students in the psychological reality of the most active factors, is a powerful inner driving force, is the premise of learning knowledge and cultivating ability. Once there is a strong interest in extracurricular reading, students will spontaneously point to the psychological activities of learning objects, the enthusiasm for reading outside the classroom, you can achieve good reading results.
Interest is the best teacher. Only let the students have the internal power of reading, to develop the mind, take the initiative to understand, explore, in the process of understanding and exploration, and gradually cultivate the persistence of learning, improve self-learning ability. Especially for those who are learning to read, teachers should be able to stimulate their reading motivation, so that it will be in the mind of reading and interest. So how to stimulate the interest of extracurricular reading?
(1) creating a reading atmosphere.
1 lead to interest in reading through stories or questions.
Students love to listen to funny stories, cartoons, understanding of myths, so choose puzzle, such as the interesting for children age and psychological characteristics of the story as a vivid story, the students listened when the problem and guide them to see their own extra-curricular books. In this way, the students loved fairy tales and myths evoked by the desire to study, make students from passive reading to you want to read more books, enjoy reading brings happiness and satisfaction.
2 stimulate interest in reading by example.
"The power of example is infinite, the teacher love reading is the best example for students. As a student teacher love, a love of reading teachers, students can accept and guide them into a wonderful world of books, arouse their strong desire to read, to stimulate interest in reading.
Always create a strong atmosphere of "elegant" and "forest" realm, can let the students have a sacred atmosphere in the palace of knowledge feeling. Such as the collection of books about the famous, consciously introduce Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Ye Shengtao, Bing Xin, Lao She and other celebrities love to read some stories, etc.. Teachers should be teaching in peacetime, carefully observe the class reading students, seize the opportune moment to praise, ask them to talk about reading the harvest. The teacher read the emotion for students is a good reading demonstration, to make an example to students love reading into empathy. This kind of reading emotion of the teacher has a kind of extremely important influence to the student and the huge appeal, the student realizes the pleasure of reading from the book, and the emotion fire of reading. Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: "if you want to have a good student, you must have a good student." One side of the can see the example, let the student feel the sea is vast and the joy of reading, so as to arouse the desire for the book, a strong desire to make friends with books.
3 arouse interest in reading through motivation or need.
Motivation is the cause of action for a specific purpose. An important factor in motivation is the incentive. It is necessary to provide students with a stimulating or reading situation. With the deepening of the curriculum reform, reading materials before class has become a kind of resources in Chinese class. Teachers should make full use of this opportunity to grasp the lessons before the exchange of information in this part of the world, a beautiful article, fragments of excerpts from reports, and the selection of "reading" King ". As a child Chinese teaching calls" a lesson before the layout preview work: collect related information of International peacekeeping forces and war the exchange, the data collected in the classroom. So the students' extracurricular reading in high spirits, the contents of the materials collected rich pictures, text information, so that they have a certain understanding of the "blue helmets" etc.. In this way, it helps to form a good reading atmosphere and cultivate students' reading ability.
(two) recommend excellent reading.
To attract students to read the contents of reading. "The best interest in learning is the interest in learning materials," said Bruner, who inspired us to let students choose what is best for their personality and interests. However, most students are not interested in reading, do not realize the fun of reading, but also did not realize the importance of reading. We usually recommend reading, to be targeted to recommend. Only when students choose what they are interested in, will they be able to understand the contents of the book and the infection of the reader. The teacher must recommend to the student the knowledge, the interest unifies the book, and pays attention to readability, as far as possible makes the reading material difficulty with student's ability to adapt, so that the student will be interested in reading. Students who choose to close to the students' lives, close to the characteristics of the students' psychological growth are the prerequisite for the development of the students' interest in reading.
1 in accordance with the different sections of the recommended books.
Due to the differences of the students' age, school, gender, personality and psychological characteristics, their reading interest is also different. Generally speaking, the primary and middle school grades are mainly based on fairy tales, myths, fables and folk tales, while the senior students are interested in the biography, the legend and the thriller, besides the story. Girls generally like to read the story of the book, while the boys are interested in history, sports, science and other aspects. So teachers should understand the students' interests, will be targeted at the.
2 teach students to choose books.
All kinds of books because of a multitude of names currently on the market, the cognitive ability of students is limited, self selection of books is limited, therefore, teachers should according to the age characteristics, the interests of the students, with their cognitive ability, some students choose love, health, educational content is strong, especially to the subtle and positive influence on the students play for the students the taste of books. In addition to the classic fairy tales, fables, stories, poems, famous, many of the famous contemporary children's literature is the most favorite students. Such as Tang Sulan's "wolf" series of children's literature, Zhang Zhilu, Yang Hongying "cats and dogs", "naughty little horse jumping" series.
These books are as close to life, students and teaching contents of the modern school, the students will read it. The school has better conditions, such as no conditions, the teacher can read and understand roughly first issued bibliography on each text, let students each buy a Book of different books, then borrow each other, can be a good way. It not only enriches the students' reading content, but also saves money. Primary school students have interest in reading, naturally, such as flowers attract bees, and strive to seek the opportunity to read, access to information from reading, get read satisfaction, resulting in a pleasant emotional experience. The knowledge and experience gained will increase the interest in reading.
(three) to create a reading environment, to carry out a variety of reading activities.
Reading environment, an atmosphere. The creation of the environment plays an important role in the reading process, a good reading atmosphere will bring students the passion to read and mobilize their enthusiasm for reading. Teachers should consciously create a strong atmosphere of reading in the campus life of the students, so that students in the good reading atmosphere nurtured and infected. Such as setting up bookcase, book corner, carry out my favorite famous quotes "this week" recommended reading "" I love the words "and other activities, so that students can read their books after school love at any time in the book corner, enjoy the pleasure of reading.
By carrying out the "story" of "reading report meeting" "show excellent reading notes" "scrapbook" "hand" and "knowledge contest" game "access to information" and "poetry recitation contest" lively and vivid, various forms of extracurricular activities can effectively check and consolidate the results of reading reading, let the students enjoy reading, to stimulate students' interest in reading, reading reading enthusiasm, arouse the enthusiasm of the students, promote the extracurricular reading step by step. So, according to the characteristics of lively children, organize reading activities focus on, to develop their interests, to maintain strong and lasting enthusiasm for reading.
Two, pay attention to the guidance of students' reading methods, teaching students to read.
Only the interest is not enough, we must adopt flexible, scientific and reasonable methods to guide students to read. Practice shows that some students with interest, where the contents of a vivid plot to read; some read a good article, do not know how to accumulate knowledge, learn skills used in writing. Obviously this method of reading is of little effect. To cultivate students' independent reading ability, we must attach importance to the guidance of reading methods. Therefore, it is necessary for teachers to guide them not only to love reading, but also to read, to read better and more effectively. Teachers should introduce some effective reading methods to students.
(a) teachers should master the common methods of reading.
Teachers should guide students to study methods, they must master some of the commonly used methods of reading, and in the teaching process can be flexible use of these reading methods to guide students to practice reading. Such as reading method to the method, context, method of contact real life, with their own emotional experience, method, circle annotation skimming, finishing reading, reading method, extract evaluation method, etc..
Teachers should have the awareness of teaching methods and cultivating reading ability. In the course of preparing lessons, the teaching method is put into the teaching case as an important teaching purpose, and the steps and methods of the implementation are designed. In class, we must penetrate the reading process in the teaching process. The specific approach is to read the first request, camera guide reading, reading guide students to recall just experienced the learning process, reading method summary.
(two) teachers should penetrate the reading method in the teaching of reading.
Guide the students to master the reading methods, mainly rely on the teachers consciously put the method of penetration in the students understand the text process, make students through the reading practice again and again, every little bit to gradually realize method, and repeated practice, so as to gradually form reading ability. In order to train the students to use the scientific method consciously to read:
(1) request before reading. In the course of preparing a lesson, the teacher should take the guidance of reading method as an important teaching goal and put into practice the steps and methods.
(2) read the camera guidance. The students in the reading process, teachers should focus on students, do not know where or the difficulty of giving proper instruction, inspire, guide the students to solve the difficulties encountered in reading, and read the text.
(3) after induction method. The teacher guides the student to carry on the reading practice, after reading a paragraph or a certain article, should guide the student to recall the course of study that has just experienced, summary reading method. As to guide students to speak a sentence, a paragraph is how to read the paragraph is how to divide the Italian section is to sum up, the central idea is how to induce, and encourage the students to learn these methods constantly used in reading practice, gradually formed the independent reading ability.
The acquisition of a reading method, can not be done overnight, immediate results, students must be repeated in the use of reading practice, gradually skilled, and ultimately the ability to form.
(three) reading ability should be the key to understanding.
Reading ability is an important ability based on perception, understanding and experience. To cultivate primary school students' independent reading ability, we should achieve the following two:
1 read.
Basic reading skills. The formation of students' basic reading ability lies in Teachers' guidance and targeted training. "Lead the students to go back and forth from the article. That is to say, the language clear, ideological content into the article, and then come out from the ideological content, further understanding of how language is used by an organization. On the whole, reading is a process of "whole part whole", "language thought language". In this process, the students are the main body, the teacher as the guide of the task is to enable students to read, and finally be able to read independently.
In classroom teaching, we can adopt the method of reading and thinking. There are many ways to read, read, read, read, have individual reading, read, read range, etc.. No matter what kind of reading, teachers should request, let students read about, read will again harvest, rather than blindly allow students to read.
2 can read.
Read, namely preliminary form correct reading strategies: preliminary learn ways to browse, skimming, reading, has preliminary overall grasp their own reading direction, the correct use of reading strategies ability. In teaching, reading is the main, skimming is added; but in effect, the reading is ready, skimming is used. Specifically, by reading method, correct and original understanding of the reading materials, so as to achieve the purpose of their reading. The article is on the sentence reading, reading, carefully try to figure out a way to read and understand. Reading the content or substance to a thorough understanding of the article, is helpful to improve the reading depth. Intensive training requirements: first, set the direction of reading. The main problem of reading before reading. Second, pointing to the reading process. General should be according to the "overall perception of local comprehensive analysis -" the three steps of training the students to understand the text reading. Third, the way to guide reading. Including the use of basic knowledge to guide the solution of reading methods and the use of reading thinking analysis of reading methods. Some reading routine, such as search, reference, punctuate and notation.
(1) the combination of intensive reading and skimming. Knowledge in today's society, a large amount of information, change quickly, so the ability to teach pupils from information and identify, combined with the ability to cultivate students' reading and skimming, guide students to read read the preface, catalogue, look at the title, the newspaper column, a rough impression formed in the browsing, to choose books, search for information and for the information he needed, study and other content can be used form of skimming.
(2) reading and thinking. Tolstoy said: "knowledge is only by positive thinking and not by memory, is the real knowledge." Therefore, we should also pay attention to guide students to read while questioning, and through their own query data analysis solutions to understand knowledge, knowledge.
(3) combination of reading and writing. The ancients cloud: do not read and write." Extracurricular reading to "cultivate the habit of taking notes while reading. The reading notes of diverse forms," excerpts from a good sentence "," summary of the main content "," write ", and" in the book directly punctuate draw on other forms. Teachers in guiding students to take notes, unified form need not, should allow students to take notes according to their own interests to choose their own favorite form of notes. Reading is also a kind of creation, reading notes should become a free space for students to play.
Three, several practical strategies for cultivating students' reading ability.
(a) the creation of problem scenarios to stimulate the initiative of students.
"The chest exit, entry and start pro. Best sentiment language is" careful thinking ". The teacher should be good at creating problem situation, stimulate students to explore the psychological, so that students in a state of inspiration, and then read the guide to buckle to read to see, to ensure that students have self reading time and chance, let the students will devote themselves to the" "qiejiticha" "the text to put into love. In the process of language comprehension, teachers should conform to the cognitive rules of students. Students thinking with the specific image is very strong, so the teacher should be to "guide" image thinking as the support, situational method is often used, such as improvisation, draw to a proper extent, use of multimedia etc.. Because the author is always through a certain language to express a certain situation in the. In turn, once the students see the situation the author depicts the natural "suddenly" get used to express the situational language.
(two) thinking training to promote the development of students' interest.
Song Chao Yue Zhi said: "to learn the road, will be the next." Read this is able to think, to enable students to learn how to read, we must first learn how to make students thinking. Only through a variety of thinking activities, students can truly understand the content of the article, learn to express the content of the method. In the classroom teaching, the students' thinking should be inspired and induced by the teachers. To introduce students to the world of thinking, one is to grasp the connection, the two is to grasp the image. Grasp the relationship, think about the "what", "why" problem; grasp the image, think about what is the problem. Seize these two, students are not difficult to learn how to think, from which to understand the problem, the way of thinking, and gradually to meet, talk.
(three) to carry out the key study, to consolidate the interests of students.
How to make the classroom teaching like a magnet, firmly attracted the children, let them learn happily, gusto? It is suggested that the Chinese teachers should pay attention to grasp the key points, drive the whole process of Chinese teaching, guide the students to learn by themselves, and gradually let them learn from "love" to "learn" in order to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching. To enable students to become spiritual and distinctive in the classroom. If some teachers in the teaching of the ninth edition of the "pearl bird" a class, firmly grasp the "trust, can not create a better state?"" This "the eye" to guide students autonomous inquiry learning, plays a far-reaching role in the learning initiative entirely to the students, so that students in the surface layers of spreading, self perception, based on the natural taste of patience, from the heart, really appreciate the trust can create "a beautiful realm of truth". At the same time stressed that in order to read this, students through reading, reading, and participation in various language practice, read Wu Yi, read to read, in understanding the situation, read in enlightenment science, achieved by the "sense" to "consciousness", from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. Therefore, in the process of reading teaching, teachers should let students read, let the students in reading comprehension.
(four) make full use of multimedia to promote the development of students' reading.
Through the creation of audio-visual audio-visual media situation, teacher image, vivid language, harmonious sound appeal to students' visual senses, make the students as soon as possible to enter the text set in the situation, with the best state of mind to perceive the text, the text of the ideological tone. At this point, the students have just entered the learning role, the situation created by the teacher to attract, began to arouse the desire to learn. For example, a teacher of a class in the teaching of "monument", by a howling winds to sound, with the TV series Red Army had snow video, let the students realize the difficult situation at the time.
The use of image features, their sound Teaser perception in the first reading session, students are more likely to cause emotional resonance, encourage students to "direct" to see them, hear the sound, immersive, enrich their perception, cause their cognitive interest. For the reader, perception is the basis of understanding, understanding is the core of reading, reading quality depends on the depth and breadth of perception and understanding. At the same time, the media presentation situation, strengthen the perception of content, using the method of fixed or broadcast fragments to guide students from the perception to representation, by the transition to abstract representation, which led to the image of the students thinking, cultivate their observation and thinking, deepen their understanding of the article, strengthen the reading effect. In fact, various clues situation itself is pregnant can lead to unconscious psychological activity and thinking process, provides a variety of sensory stimulation for students, increase the information, contribute to the cultivation of students' observation, memory, understanding, aesthetic ability, greatly improving the students' interest in reading.
(five) clever use of evaluation to change the attitude of students.
There is a "label" effect in the study of psychology, that is, when a person is labeled with a label, he or she will be able to make the impression of self-management. Clever classroom evaluation, not only to the students posted a good "label", which has a good effect, but also a scientific guide. For example, when students learn to add words, missing words, not eager to let other students to correct, but with great patience to inspire students to find their own, to correct. Such as "eyes to see" is given the boot method, make the students learn to read; "I think you will read this good" is to give students encouragement, trust and expectation, students will gain spiritual power Everfount in trust and look forward to the teachers, enhance self-confidence. Although the students read the wrong, but let him "experience", obviously the criticism, but it has become a encouragement and praise, as the saying goes: water does not flow live, people do not jump. Forms and respect students' personality review means, can make students "guide" to the other side of knowledge, but also can make students get psychological comfort and satisfaction, this kind of satisfaction into the courage to overcome difficulties and exert upward force, not only to promote students' potential ability of development, but also conducive to the formation of students psychological health.
Teaching method and teaching method. The teacher through the creation of appropriate reading environment, provide appropriate reading guidance, cultivate students' interest in reading and reading ability, so that students will be able to read with interest, method, harvest, and to improve the students' language literacy, to lay the foundation for their all-round development and lifelong development.