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有效控制工程建设各阶段造价

时间:2015-11-17 来源:未知 编辑:@@ 阅读:

With China's entry into WTO, our government has made unremitting efforts to regulate the construction market, control construction quality, cost, and other aspects of the society. It has many problems, but there are still many problems. In this paper, the construction project cost control of the situation to make an analysis, and put forward some solutions, and peer discussion.

 

A project usually has to experience three stages of project investment, project implementation and production operations (normal use). Investment is usually said in the early stage of the project investment decision-making stage, is the key to determine the effect of the construction project investment, is the key to research and control. Project implementation period (engineering design, bidding, construction and other stages) is the concrete implementation stage of the pre decision stage, the construction stage is the stage of large investment, is the key stage of cost control. And then for the production of the project into production operations, for non productive projects are entered into the use period. The effective control of construction project cost depends on the effective control of the cost in each stage of the project construction, until the completion of the final accounts, that is, the whole process control.

 

1 project investment decision-making stage

 

Project investment decision making is the process of choosing and deciding the investment action plan, it is the necessity and feasibility of the proposed project to carry out technical and economic demonstration, and the process of comparing the different construction schemes for the technical and economic comparison and the process of making the judgment and decision. The right project investment action comes from the right project investment decision, project decision-making is correct or not, directly related to the success or failure of the project construction, project cost and investment effect of good or bad. Both our country and foreign countries show that the impact of the project investment decision-making stage is more than 95%.

 

The problems in this stage are as follows:

 

(1) lack of awareness. Only pay attention to the construction phase of investment control, that as long as the human and financial output of the largest construction stage control, can effectively control the construction project investment, ignoring the decision of the construction phase of the project and the design stage, the subjective understanding of the existence of errors.

 

(2) lack of scientific decision-making. Construction units in order to shorten the construction period, so that the construction project as soon as possible, the early production, artificial shorten the project investment decision-making stage, resulting in the stage of the work is not detailed enough, not enough depth, coupled with the amount of this phase can not be accurate estimates, investment estimation error is large, the cost of investment control for the follow-up. Through a large number of case studies and engineering cost control activities to participate in practice, it is recommended to do the following: decision-making should be a good project investment decision-making stage of cost control, the author believes that the first, should be unified understanding, strengthening project decision-making. Organization program, leaders in command, experts, formulate detailed work plan, a clear division of labor, the responsibility to the gang to the people; second, do a good job market investigation and prediction, and actively do a good job in the preparatory work before the project decision-making, accurate and reliable basic data collection, such as similar engineering research, the development of technology, grasp, equipment price, purchase locations. Then, according to the market demand and development prospect, the engineering construction scale and standard are reasonably determined. Third, the engineering construction scale and standard are determined. The engineering construction scale and standard are reasonably determined. Fifth, the geological and hydrological conditions of the engineering construction, the project cost information, and the cost control standards; fourth.

 
2 engineering design stage

 

In practical work, there are problems as follows:

 

(1) design staff generally only focus on the design of the safety and technology, advanced technology and other aspects of the design, ignoring the economic nature of the design, the same is not conducive to the control of project cost.

 

(2) the design of the lack of depth and the design depth is not enough, to the construction process of the design changes, the hidden trouble, can also lead to cost control.

 

(3) in the design, sometimes only to focus on the advanced technology, while ignoring the operability of the construction.

 

In order to make the cost control of engineering design, the design standards should be implemented to ensure the design quality. Secondly, we should implement the standard design, speed up the design process, improve design efficiency, reduce design cost, design cost. Third, design the approved preliminary design. The design is based on approval. Then the design will be based on the approved design.

 

3 engineering bidding stage

 

From August 30, 1999, the first "tender and Bidding Law" enacted, since the beginning of 1 Nian Yuanyue 2000, China's construction projects in the construction projects, the work of a more standardized legal system, the implementation of the bidding law is conducive to the construction of a healthy competition between enterprises, is conducive to the construction of units, which is conducive to the project cost control.

 

However, there are still some problems to be solved in the process of project bidding. Evaluation process becomes a mere formality more, among the bidders collude with each other, occurs when there is a default of the winning bidder, lead to successful enterprise is not necessarily true strength, and the real strength of the enterprise for a variety of reasons, not necessarily able to bid, resulting in competition between the construction enterprise is not the strength, but contracted engineering is one of the means of competition, which eventually led to the effective control of project cost impact.

 

To do a good job in tendering and bidding stage work, first of all, from the system should be further clarifying recruit bidding process, ensure operation, punish recruit bidding irregularities; second, strengthen development of intermediary businesses, cost consulting industry, bidding and tendering agency industry specialization, to ensure that no such as count, too small, the key is illegible etc. low-level error, ensure that the base price (block bid price, bidding documents of business standard can truly reflect the engineering price; third, choose suitable for the actual situation of the project contract. To determine the form of the contract, in line with the principle of risk sharing: let the implementation risk in the process of the risk assumed by the most appropriate or the ability to control the loss for the account of a party, realize win-win or win-win effect; fourth, try to open tender, strict qualification examination, avoid "Super enterprises tender, subcontracting enterprises, two enterprises approach [2].

 
4 construction stage

 

The construction stage is the concrete implementation stage of the engineering design into the construction entity, it is the stage of the intensive flow of capital, and is also a long time, which is influenced by the natural weather changes:

 

(1) the construction unit heavy schedule is light weight, heavy claims light control and cannot be quality, progress, investment three dialectical combine caused by crashing blindly, shoddy work, and even the emergence of a passing phenomenon, ultimately affects both the quality, and affect the progress and investment.

 

(2) in the construction organization, the existing human, financial, material can not get a reasonable allocation and utilization, resulting in a lot of waste, which leads to an increase in the cost of the project [4].

 

(3) a large portion of the construction unit is used to seek the opportunity to design changes and claims, in order to seek its greater profit objectives, and even the construction, design units to jointly seek economic benefits.

 

To scientifically organize the construction, to scientifically organize the construction, to deal with the quality, progress and investment between the three, to improve the quality, progress and investment plan, the total cost control of the project, the total cost control is achieved, third, strictly control engineering change and on-site visa, to strictly control engineering change and on-site visa, strictly control engineering change and on-site visa, for strict control engineering change and on-site visa, for the design change, material replacement, additional employment, on-site visa. The event First hand evidence information; fifth, the program and the amount paid in strict progress.

 

5 Conclusion

 

Construction project cost control is a technical, professional, strong policy work, cost control throughout the whole process of construction projects, cost control personnel to strengthen business learning, accumulation of cost control experience and information, strengthen the dynamic control and active control.

 

Reference

 

[1] China Construction Supervision association. Construction project investment control [M]. Beijing: Intellectual Property Press, 2007

 

[2] Wang Ping. On the control and management of construction project cost [J]. Neijiang science and technology, 2010 (2): 17

 

[3] Pei Huimin. On the construction cost control [J]. Shanxi building, 2009,35 (1): 270 -271.

 

[4] Niu Lihong. Common problems in cost control and improvement of [J]. traffic world, 2010 (3): 259 - 258

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