1, the selection of land and land
Choose the ground: choose deep topsoil, higher fertility, soil and water conservation fertilizer, good drainage of the flat land, organic matter content in 2.0 ~ 3.5%, available N 120 to more than 160 mg / kg, available P 10 ~ 15mg / kg above, K 130 ~ more than 180mg / kg, soil pH value at about 7. The plain is the best, two depressions times, best not to choose on the slopes and low-lying land. After harvest the best autumn plowing, best plowing depth: 20 ~ 25cm, break the plow pan, turning timely drag flat rake pressure, do no leakage of cultivation, no vertical ridge, clod, clod loose, fine. No large mechanical conditions after harvest time stubble cleaning, and then drag the flat crush.
2, seed selection and its treatment
2.1, variety selection
Approved by the promotion of quality, security, mature, strong resistance, high yield excellent tolerant maize varieties is chosen according to the local ecological conditions. Such as: Jade 335, Liang Yu 99, etc.. Seed quality is reached: purity is higher than 98%, clarity of not less than 99% of germination rate of not less than 95%, germination energy of not less than 90%, water content not higher than 14%.
2.2 seed treatment 2.2.1, sun species
15d before sowing, seed drying 2D.
2.2.2, germination test
Before sowing 10d, 1 ~ 2 germination tests were carried out.
2.2.3, seed coating
The use of seed seed coating, are effective measures to prevent and control pests, seedling seedling diseases and head smut.
3, to determine the ridge and ridge distance
3.1 ridge
Calculate the ridge direction according to the different corresponding area of latitude and longitude. The compass flat, rotating compass needle to 0 degree and 180 degree alignment, and then along the 20 and 200 degrees painting a straight line, this is what we are going to sowing ridge to the magnetic South West 20 DEG ridge to. The calculation results of ridge direction: Baicheng: 20 degrees 01'.
3.2, ridge distance
According to the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle and maize plant height, through calculation, the traditional uniform row distance (65 ~ 70cm) change on the grounds of the size of the ridge composed of combined ridge, enhance the use efficiency of light energy to the maximum. Big ridge distance 160cm, small row spacing 40cm, spacing of 14 ~ 15cm, 6.5 ~ /hm2 70 thousand plant planting density.
The original 3 to two ridge ridge ridge space 1. In original ridge, on both sides of the sowing, ridge of the original space of trees and fertilizer amount assigned to planting ridge, the total amount of fertilizer and density increased (10%) constant, improve light and ventilation conditions. The 2 years in 1.6m empty ridge, from the root of the stubble 35cm sowing, before the rainy season in the middle of the ridge of 1.6m empty of subsoiling and depth of 30cm, so alternate alternate planting and deep loosening. So 4A seeding reincarnation to the location of first years of planting. The technology areas suitable for flat, natural precipitation charge distribution area, Steep Cultivated Land and easy arid areas without irrigation plots is not suitable to adopt the technology.
4, seeding machine debugging
Sowing machine sixth, third seed metering device removed, the remaining 6 of the seed metering device according to 0.4 ~ 1.6m adjustment. The fertilizer distributor of the seeding machine is changed from 8 holes to 6 holes.
4.1, sowing time
When topsoil 5cm soil temperature stability by 6 to 8 DEG C, containing about 20% of the water, began sowing, the general in April 25 to May 5, is used for sowing.
4.2, sowing
In a nice flat land with a seeding machine with directional distance size of ridge planting seeding method. Strict control of sowing density. The sowing depth to 3 ~ 4cm is appropriate, consistent depth, sowing, sowing time after the crackdown.
5, fertilization
5.1, fertilization principle
The slow release compound fertilizer mainly, the quick acting fertilizer auxiliary, generally N 300 ~ 320kg, P2O5120 ~ 150kg, K2O 120 ~ 150kg. Per production of 100kg seeds need nutrients: corn pure N (kg) 3 ~ 3.2, P2O5 (kg) 1 ~ 1.2, K2O (kg) 1.8 ~ 2. The number and proportion of nutrients needed for crops are different due to the variety characteristics, yield levels, cultivation methods, soil and climatic conditions. The utilization ratio of crops to fertilizers is generally as follows: n 30% ~ 40%; P 10% ~ 25%; K ~ 50% ~ 40%. Therefore, in determining the amount of fertilizer, it is necessary to consider.
5.2, fertilization method
Sowing and fertilizing for fertilizer in the side of the seed below the 5 ~ 8 cm, the kind of fertilizer for (N15%, P2O515%, K2O15%) compound fertilizer 80kg/hm2; applied into the base fertilizer in planting two rows of intermediate and fertilization for (N15, P2O515, K2O15 compound fertilizer 720kg/hm2 and depth of 10 ~ 12cm. Singling 2 weeks after dressing, the application of tractor traction machinery and fertilizer will be Shi fertilizer side to the outer side of maize seedlings 8 to 10 cm, fertilization depth of 8 ~ 10cm, fertilizer urea respectively 380kg/hm2.
6, field management
Corn field management high efficiency cultivation mode and common planting way. Leaf clover with Chatian bumiao Dingmiao. Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: maize, Southern Leaf Blight with Carbendazim and mancozeb fierce control zinc; Mythimna separate with dipterex or DDVP control; corn borer in maize leaf period with phoxim granules, per plant spread 2G and leaves from 4 to 5 leaves.
7, harvest
7.1, the harvest time
Yellowing of corn bract, corn grain formed black layer (the corn grain from the ear pull, mature seed base forming a black layer) is symbol of ripe corn, never harvested earlier, the general in early October.
7.2, harvesting methods
For hand harvested plots, autumn harvest, Liugen stubble height is 30 ~ 35cm, with harvesting the corn ears, half of the total amount of corn stalk are orderly and uniformly placed in the middle of 0.4m small ridge, straw roots towards the southwest stacking height should not exceed the height of stubble, to prevent them from being blown away, the rest of the straw shipped plots. You can only leave the root crop of 30 ~ 35cm, out of straw block. For mechanical harvesting plots, root stubble height of 30 ~ 35cm, straw crushing returning second years of no tillage planter.
reference
[1] Jin Ruihua, Russo cloud. Crop pest control [M]. Beijing: Central Radio and TV press, 1986
[2] Yu Songlie. Crop cultivation (the North) on [M]. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1992
[3] Tai Lian Chun. Corn cultivation technology [M]. Beijing: Agricultural Press Chinese, 2011