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新文科背景下旅游管理类专业创新创业教育与实践

时间:2022-06-24 来源:未知 编辑:梦想论文 阅读:
Innovation and entrepreneurship education provides a path choice for the transformation and upgrading of liberal arts majors. The cross integration of Tourism Management Teaching and innovation and entrepreneurship education can deepen the reform of the teaching content of tourism management courses, achieve the interactive integration effect of curriculum teaching reform and the improvement of students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability, and promote the optimization of the characteristic training mode of tourism management talents under the new liberal arts background, Promote the cultivation and improvement of innovation and entrepreneurship ability of tourism management students. The innovation and entrepreneurship education of tourism management specialty is also gradually concerned by scholars. The deep integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education and tourism management specialty education, talent training mode based on the improvement of innovation and entrepreneurship ability, professional courses and practical teaching system are all hot topics of research. The Tourism College of Leshan Normal University, based on the principle of "relying on the industry, connecting the industry, determining the occupation and serving the employment", takes the cultivation of vocational ability as the center, takes the national standard for teaching quality of undergraduate majors in ordinary colleges and universities as the guide, and based on the tourism management majors, selects appropriate training objectives and training modes to create applied talents that meet the needs of social services. At the same time, aiming at two-thirds of ordinary undergraduate students and one-third of vocational education students, the training of vocational education students not only focuses on the overall consistency with ordinary undergraduate applied talents, but also highlights the special requirements of secondary vocational teachers' qualifications, clarifies the coupling and linkage mechanism between vocational education and general education, industry, industry (including enterprises and schools), and improves the new connotation of applied talent training theory.
 
1、 The significance of innovation and entrepreneurship education for Tourism Management Majors
 
The innovation and entrepreneurship education of tourism management specialty should be based on the training goal of applied talents of tourism management specialty, by guiding students to participate in Teachers' scientific research projects, applying for various innovation and entrepreneurship training projects at all levels, implementing innovation and entrepreneurship practice activities, participating in various professional discipline competitions at all levels, and changing the teaching plan and assessment scheme of professional courses, Integrate the cultivation and improvement of innovation and entrepreneurship ability of tourism management students into the teaching plan of daily professional basic courses, explore the intersection and integration of tourism management education and innovation and entrepreneurship education, develop innovation and entrepreneurship courses with tourism management discipline characteristics, and explore and form the training mode of innovation and entrepreneurship talents of Tourism Management Specialty under the new liberal arts background composed of "teaching reform + innovation and entrepreneurship + discipline competition", Promote the cultivation and improvement of innovation and entrepreneurship ability of tourism management students. Students majoring in tourism management of the Tourism College of Leshan Normal University have made remarkable achievements in academic paper publishing, innovation and entrepreneurship project approval, professional discipline competitions, etc. the number of students publishing academic papers, the number of innovation and entrepreneurship project approval of college students of the Ministry of education, and the number of winners of National Tourism Discipline competitions have continuously increased. The students' awareness of independent learning, the students' scientific research and innovation ability, and the college's overall innovation and entrepreneurship atmosphere have been further strengthened. The new liberal arts specialty construction and application-oriented talent training effect of the Tourism College of Leshan Normal University have gradually emerged.
 
Integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education into traditional tourism management courses can enrich the construction connotation of professional courses, promote the combination of theoretical knowledge and innovation and entrepreneurship practice, improve students' theoretical application ability, and provide new ideas for the teaching reform of tourism management courses. The integration of tourism management and innovation and entrepreneurship education will also further strengthen students' professional learning in the second class after class, promote the renewal of the professional knowledge and ability system of tourism management students, and promote the innovation of the training mode of tourism management professionals under the new liberal arts background. As an application-oriented undergraduate major, tourism management majors explore the intersection and integration of tourism management education and innovation and entrepreneurship education, develop innovation and entrepreneurship courses with tourism management discipline characteristics, optimize the ability and quality of tourism management students under the construction of the new liberal arts, and provide a path choice for the construction of the new liberal arts major of tourism management. Systematic study of professional courses to cultivate students' basic professional knowledge and thinking ability; The training of scientific research and subject competition will promote the cultivation and promotion of students' innovative and entrepreneurial thinking consciousness; The cross integration of tourism management and innovation and entrepreneurship education will also help the teaching reform of tourism management courses and provide sustainable momentum for the subsequent development of tourism management students.
 
2、 The current situation of innovation and entrepreneurship education for Tourism Management Majors
 
(1) Students' Vocational and technical ability is poor, and their ability to apply theory and practice is weak
 
Tourism management majors are applied undergraduate majors. In addition to systematically learning the theoretical knowledge of tourism management majors, students pay more attention to the assessment of students' practical operation skills and the cultivation of their ability to apply theory to practice. At present, most students of tourism management have the problems of poor industrial operation skills and weak theoretical knowledge analysis ability in the industry. Moreover, the current training program for tourism management professionals still stays at the grass-roots operation level of traditional tourism enterprises (hotels, travel agencies, scenic spots, etc.) for students' professional internships. Students lack the opportunity to practice in the aspects of systematic management thinking and ability, which are different from applied, professional The training objectives of management talents are far apart. In addition, the selection range of internship units arranged by tourism colleges is narrow, and many new tourism enterprises can accept a limited number of interns. In addition, the society generally has cognitive bias against the traditional tourism industry, and students have resistance to professional internships, which greatly reduces the effect of professional internships.

(2) Students' self-learning ability is insufficient, and they do not pay enough attention to the forefront of industry development
 
The students' subjective initiative in the learning process is not strong, and the learning of professional knowledge is only limited to the classroom and teaching materials, lacking the ability of independent professional learning after class and the professional consciousness of actively expanding knowledge; In addition, students do not understand and pay enough attention to the development trends of the tourism industry, can not grasp the development trends of the industry in time, learn more old knowledge, and have insufficient understanding of the new tourism industry. Moreover, the students lack independent thinking about the learning tasks assigned by the teachers, are afraid of difficulties in the open and innovative learning tasks, rely on the reference assignments and task templates, and lack their own innovative thinking about the learning tasks. At present, the industry development trend of "tourism +" "+ tourism", the integration and cross development of the tourism industry and other industries, further expand the application service scope of tourism management majors, provide a broad soil for the innovation and entrepreneurship education of tourism management majors, and put forward higher requirements for the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of tourism management majors.
 
(3) Students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship is not strong, and the level of scientific research and innovation ability is not high
 
First of all, most students majoring in tourism management rely more on classes and teaching materials to acquire knowledge. Their cognitive thinking is relatively solid and lack of divergent and innovative thinking. However, the tourism industry is constantly changing. There is a big gap between the traditional basic professional curriculum teaching and the development of the changing tourism industry. Secondly, the students' cognitive level of innovation and entrepreneurship projects and scientific research projects is weak. Most of the students have no experience of participating in innovation and entrepreneurship and scientific research projects. The current professional courses of tourism management do not involve the training content of innovation and entrepreneurship. Third, the students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship is lacking, there are deficiencies in innovation and entrepreneurship projects and scientific research training, and the overall ability of innovation and entrepreneurship and scientific research is weak. In the process of completing the undergraduate graduation thesis, the students' ability to consult, sort out and read literature is not enough, they basically do not understand the paradigm of academic research, and they also lack the ability to find and solve research problems. The undergraduate graduation thesis submitted is less innovative and academic.
 
3、 Implementation path of innovation and entrepreneurship education for Tourism Management Specialty under the background of new liberal arts
 
(1) Innovation and entrepreneurship education is integrated into professional courses to cultivate students' innovative thinking ability
 
In the teaching process of professional courses, we should integrate innovation and entrepreneurship education into the teaching content of tourism management professional courses, pay attention to the cross integration of professional teaching content and innovation and entrepreneurship projects, cultivate students' heuristic and divergent thinking, and reform the assessment methods of traditional professional courses. Through the design of inspiring experimental projects, cultivate students' awareness and ability of innovation and entrepreneurship, expand the knowledge content of professional courses, guide students to actively apply for various scientific research projects at all levels with the content module of the course, publish academic papers related to the course content, establish the goal orientation of scientific research output, and stimulate students' learning initiative, Realize the transformation from passively accepting teachers' teaching content to students' autonomous learning with questions. For example, in the teaching process of smart tourism management course, wechat applet and vr virtual tourism are compulsory basic projects for the course. Students can actively apply for innovation and entrepreneurship projects at all levels such as the Ministry of education and the Ministry of culture and Tourism under the development background of Internet +, tourism +, etc. based on these course experimental projects, so as to realize the organic combination of professional courses and innovation and entrepreneurship education. In the teaching process of the course hotel service quality management, in the teaching of the module of hotel service quality management methods commonly used in the course, based on the online review data of hotel customers, students are guided to apply the ABC analysis method, PDCA management method and other methods in the course to the actual hotel service management cases, and form the hotel service quality management research report, And the excellent students' homework results will be published in academic papers.

(2) Subject competition guides curriculum teaching reform and improves students' theoretical application ability
 
The application of tourism management specialty is practical, and the course content is closely related to the industry. It is necessary to pay attention to cultivating students' ability to apply professional theoretical knowledge to solve industrial practical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the class hours and credits of practical training in addition to the teaching of theoretical knowledge. Although many tourism colleges and universities have set up 6-12 months' professional practice in the talent training program for tourism management majors, the positions and contents of the practice are far from the positioning of the talent training objectives, and the mechanical and repetitive job contents can not play an effective practical training effect on the comprehensive application of students' professional knowledge; In addition, colleges and universities lack corresponding practice platforms for professional courses with strong theoretical relevance. For example, in the teaching of courses such as hotel operation management and hotel revenue management, students lack opportunities for practical training in hotel operation management. They organize and guide students to participate in events such as hotel management simulation national competition, and timely apply the knowledge learned in the course to industry operation and management decisions. The detailed rules of national industry competition also provide a good reference for the design of course experiment and training projects. In addition, front office room service and management is a highly skilled course, which focuses on the cultivation of students' operational skills in front office reception and room service management. In the course of experimental training, experimental training projects are organized in accordance with the competition rules of the National Tourism University hotel service skills competition, and the results of experimental training projects are used as the basis for selecting students to participate in the competition, It realizes the organic integration of course teaching and subject competition.
 
(3) Guide students to apply for innovation and entrepreneurship projects and improve students' scientific research and innovation ability
 
Carry out publicity and education on innovation and entrepreneurship among students majoring in tourism management, encourage and guide students to actively participate in China's "Internet +" College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship competition, "Challenge Cup" National College Students' extracurricular academic and technological works competition, "Challenge Cup" Chinese college students' Entrepreneurship Planning Competition and other competitions, actively apply for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training programs at all levels, and actively participate in the writing, mid-term inspection and Project implementation, project acceptance and other links to improve students' ability to innovate and practice entrepreneurship. In addition, for most students majoring in tourism management, their participation in scientific research projects is almost zero. Students have no understanding of the application of scientific research projects and the writing of academic papers, and their scientific research academic ability is low. Therefore, professional teachers encourage students to actively participate in the research process, provide academic guidance from the aspects of literature collation, data collection, thesis writing, etc., form students' preliminary understanding of scientific research, and then cultivate students' awareness of scientific research innovation. For example, during the research on the subject of Sichuan Tourism Development Research Center, a key research base of philosophy and Social Sciences in Sichuan Province, a total of 14 students majoring in tourism management and hotel management have completed their undergraduate thesis (Design) and published 3 academic papers. In addition, the two provincial scientific research platforms of the Institute of tourism regularly employ outstanding undergraduates as research assistants to participate in the scientific research projects of full-time researchers of the scientific research platform, providing a platform and financial support for the scientific research growth of students majoring in tourism management.

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