Absrtact: Because of the long construction period, harsh weather can be encountered at any time in the construction process. In order to ensure the quality of the project and the quality control of the whole construction process, seasonal construction measures must be taken in combination with the actual situation.
Key words: seasonality; construction; measures
Making construction technology measures in rainy season and hot season plays an important role in ensuring project quality, safety in production, speeding up construction period and reducing project cost. Production, technology, construction and other management departments should always pay attention to the weather forecast of the day or set up special personnel by the project management department to do a good job of contacting meteorological stations in order to take preventive measures in advance.
I. Construction Measures in Rainy Season
Preparations for construction in rainy season should be taken into account in production plans, with a certain labor force arrangement, and a certain operating time, so as to make a good job of material reserve in rainy season.
1. Conduct a comprehensive inspection of temporary facilities at the construction site to check whether the storehouse is leaking or not, and whether all kinds of construction equipment are covered or padded. The problems detected should be handled by special personnel. Do a good job of site drainage system, timely drainage of ground rainwater, to ensure the smooth flow of the main transport roads, if necessary, paved with anti-skid materials.
2. Make a comprehensive inspection of the drainage facilities at the construction site. This dredging should be perfected to ensure the organized drainage of rainwater at the construction site and the unimpeded road.
3. Bricks must be stacked centrally during rainy season, and it is not suitable to mix wet and dry reasonably when watering walls. For example, when heavy rains must stop construction, the top layer of bricks should be covered with a layer of flat bricks when the bricklaying is finished, so as to avoid the erosion of mortar by heavy rains. When the masonry is constructed after rains, the verticality and elevation of the completed masonry should be checked.
4. Template isolation layer should grasp weather forecast in time before painting in order to prevent the isolation layer from being washed away by rainwater.
5. No outdoor plastering is allowed in rainy days. Weather changes can be predicted for at least 1-2 days. Attention should be paid to preventing rainwater pollution on the walls that have been constructed. Indoor plastering should be done after the roof is finished. It is not suitable to make a cover paint in rainy days.
6. On-site mechanical and electrical equipment should be well protected against rain, thunder and leakage. The lightning protection facilities and temporary power lines and facilities at the construction site are comprehensively inspected to ensure that the cable does not tow the ground, that all kinds of electrical equipment are well grounded and zero-connected, and that leakage protection devices are complete and effective.
7. Prepare rainproof facilities adequately, prepare a certain amount of rainproof facilities materials at the construction site, and implement the connection channels for the purchase of rainproof facilities materials for emergency procurement.
8. During rainy season construction, special personnel shall be responsible for issuing weather forecast and informing all construction personnel. Keep abreast of the weather trend in time and avoid heavy rainy days when pouring tampered concrete needs continuous construction. If it rains during concrete construction, it should be covered in time, and the surface treatment should be done in time after the rain. The water content of coarse aggregate should be measured frequently, and the water consumption and the amount of coarse aggregate should be adjusted at any time. Arrange the construction work plan reasonably, minimize the workload of roofing and outdoor works in rainy season, and adopt the method of combining rain and sunshine with inside and outside work plan arrangement, leaving some room.
9. Waterproofing works should be avoided in rainy days.
High-altitude operations should be stopped in gales above grade 10 and 6.
II. Construction Measures in Hot Weather
1. Water evaporates easily after concrete pouring and tamping in summer. During the construction of the structure, special personnel are arranged to do the sprinkler maintenance work of concrete components and masonry plastering.
2. The hot weather should be taken into account when mixing concrete, such as retarder retarding concrete solidification and reducing slump loss. In concrete construction, retarder should be added according to specific conditions, and labor force and mechanical equipment should be rationally organized.
3. Appoint special personnel to do well the concrete maintenance work, and use watering to keep the surface of the concrete in a wet state, so as to prevent cracking.
4. During the construction of masonry works, the blocks are watered overnight to be fully wet. The plastering mortar is strictly prohibited to be poured on the floor for storage, so that it can be used with mixing.
5. During the construction period, do a good job in logistics and hygiene work, do a good job in personnel's heat prevention and cooling work, prevent heatstroke and poisoning and disease occurrence.
6. Do a good job of logistic service for front-line production workers, and adopt effective measures of prevention and cooling. Tea shed will be set up on site to ensure the supply of tea and cold drinks. Reasonable adjustment of operating time, as far as possible to avoid high-temperature climate at noon.
3. Typhoon Prevention Measures
In typhoon season, special vigilance should be exercised to prepare for typhoon attacks at any time. Before typhoon arrival, temporary reinforcement should be carried out for tall and independent machinery, scaffolding, steel bars and formwork, small machines and sporadic materials piled on floors and roofs should be stacked and strengthened, things that cannot be fixed should be moved to buildings in time, lifting machinery should stop working before typhoon arrival, and workers at high altitude should withdraw to safety belts in time. After the typhoon, the formwork, steel bar, especially scaffolding and power cord should be carefully inspected immediately. If problems are found, they should be dealt with in time. Only with the consent of the person in charge on the spot can the work be resumed.
IV. Construction Measures in Winter
1. During the winter construction period, work plan should be arranged reasonably, construction sequence should be adjusted appropriately, and the related sub-work should be avoided as early as possible. We should pay close attention to weather forecast and keep abreast of weather change and cold wave information so as to take timely protective measures.
2. In the construction of structures, the demolition time should be strictly controlled according to the time stipulated in the design and specifications, and there are no effective measures not to carry out the demolition construction in advance.
3. Bricks and blocks used for masonry should be cleaned up before use, properly watered or properly increased the consistency of mortar; ice and freezing blocks in sand should be removed; appropriate amount of antifreeze agent should be added; mortar used for masonry should be used with mixing, and not be overloaded with ash when masonry is built, and the surface of masonry should not be overlaid with ash at work every day, and covered with insulation materials.
4. On-site water pipes must be well insulated. When mortar and mixer stop using, they must empty the material, clean it with water and drain the accumulated water. All machinery equipments with water tanks should empty the water in the water pipes after work.
5. There are good drainage gradients and effective drainage facilities in the workplaces and roads of the construction site to facilitate timely removal of accumulated water and prevent freezing.
6. Provide enough plastic film and asbestos quilt to cover the newly poured concrete.
7. When welding reinforcing steel bar, avoid low temperature weather as far as possible to prevent joint cooling too fast to produce liquid breakage. Flash butt welding is covered with glass wool for about 3-5 minutes. Electroslag pressure welding is carried out by prolonging the time of dismantling the welding box.