Switzerland's neutrality policy has been surrounded by all kinds of criticism and accusations, whether in war or after the war. The wartime allies blamed it for too close to the axis powers, and the trade with the axis of the axis of the country's economic blockade has shrunk dramatically. In the late war almost all over the world war on Germany, Switzerland is still stubbornly insist on neutrality, so that made a great sacrifice for the allies to this very dissatisfied. Switzerland to the impression is no moral standards, using the war windfall, even if subjected to serious threat to the peace of the world, still cling to their neutrality, and were unwilling to make due contributions. Especially the wartime restrictions on Jews. After the war of Nazi looted exist Swiss bank gold distribution and alleged misappropriation of Jewish presence Swiss bank deposits and other acts in the 1990s began to arouse people's attention. [1] in fact, if we analyze the reason, we will find that these accusations are unreasonable.
Consideration on the accusations of the Swiss tendency of the axis of the war
Switzerland is located in Central Europe, northern Germany, east of Austria, south of the border with Italy, the west is bordered by the french. With war step by step to expand, Austria was annexed by Germany and Italy joined the axis war, France was defeated and surrendered, when the Swiss territory has been completely surrounded by the axis powers, while the Swiss and no any sea port, ask the regardless of the actual situation, accused the Swiss and German trade people, Switzerland in addition to trade with Germany or its control of Italy or Vichy France. There are other options? Even if Switzerland has such a strong desire to be willing to trade, and how to achieve? Under the circumstances, Britain even rickety, control of the Mediterranean is in jeopardy, British goods and how to get to Switzerland? And that is in this dangerous environment, the Swiss wit with the Nazis, to maintain the alliance through other channels of some trade, because these are Switzerland, but also Germany necessary. Britain's economic blockade is minimal, because the Nazis have controlled the land and resources of Europe and the Soviet Union to provide war materials for its supply. While in Switzerland during World War II, in dealing with the relationship between the two major countries in the Warring States period, the output and input on the success of a certain balance, so as to abide by their own tradition. During World War II that most Swiss Germans in service, this is deliberately distort the facts. According to accurate statistics, the Swiss people working for Nazi Germany accounted for only 3% of the total number of residents. [2]
Switzerland as a landlocked country, usually has to increase or decrease with the increase in the foreign country's temperament and import and export. But Switzerland never surrender to the pressure of the Warring States and to stop the economic relationship with the other side. In spite of the vicissitudes of the wars in Europe, not only in Switzerland was the most powerful country but also at the weakest countries keep live trade relations. People not to accuse the thievery of the Soviet Union, not to accuse France seek momentary ease in an isolated place, not to accuse the United States stand, don't blame the looting of Italy, is accused of area of only 4 million square kilometers and has a population of only more than 400 million small did not assume responsibility for the salvation of the, not ridiculous?
Two, on the Swiss has never joined the anti fascist war accusations of thinking
There are people, who have accused the Swiss stubbornly cling to the neutral, only know that an exception, even in the latter stages of the war just to declare war on Germany, recognized around the world are not willing to do. In fact, this is only a need to declare war, and do not need to send a single soldier, such as the war to the end of the war on Germany Turkey. Turkey has been through the declaration of war as a bargaining chip, for their own greater benefits. Switzerland is a permanent neutral country, it has its own hundreds of years of neutral tradition, but also have their own moral bottom line. I think, in Germany is about to surrender, the war in addition to deepen the German people's suffering, but also the process of war? Then for a neutral country, more desirable actions should people do everything we can to save refugees, and actively planning for the post-war reconstruction of Germany. Moreover, when these people accused the Swiss do not want to take part in the war, can you think about the United Kingdom, France, the United States, the Soviet Union is how to join the war? If it is not the German Blitzkrieg in northern and Western Europe, Britain and France as the beginning of the war should also sit watching? When Poland was devastated by Germany, what did it do to make a commitment to protect the British law?
If Nazi Germany did not wage war against the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union's oil, food should also continue to be shipped to Germany, right? Churchill had planned to bomb the Baku oil field of the Soviet Union, but because of the sudden war on the Soviet Union to give up the plan. What did the Soviet Union do before the war broke out in Germany until the outbreak of the Sood war? In carved up Poland, the annexation of the Baltic Sea countries, invaded Finland, seizure of Romania's Pizza Rabbi sub, these behaviors and which conform to the standards of a responsible big country? How is the United States to join the war? If there is no Japan to the attack on Pearl Harbor, not to declare war USA American Germany and Italy, and how to join the war? If German or Italian invasion of Switzerland, Switzerland will certainly rise and fight, like any bullying the weak and small nations like to fight and defend their freedom and independence, and the force to defend freedom determination not to give than any one country.
Three, about the wartime Swiss Jewish policy thinking
It has been blamed on the policies of the Swiss in the Second World War, such as the restriction of the entry of Jews, and the sign of J in the Jewish passport. But the actual situation is very complicated. After the Nazis came to power, the German Jews faced two choices: to bear the shame of the country or to move abroad, because of the wild and anti Jewish policies. But other countries in the world have strictly limited their chances of leaving Germany. Due to the economic crisis from 1929 to 1933, the world faces their serious domestic problems, they happen to coincide the closed door, especially a penniless immigrants are not allowed. The British issued a decree to prohibit a large number of immigrants into palestine. With the deterioration of the situation, the expansion of the territory of the Nazi Germany, Hitler seems to be in their control of the Jews all the eradication as the only option.
And on the eve of the outbreak of war, the Jews in other countries in Europe are not optimistic. In Poland, three million Jews due to years of oppression and legal restrictions, in the economy reduced to poor and declining stage. The leaders of several countries in Romania also implemented a policy of discrimination against Jews. The two governments have claimed to be interested in the issue of Jewish emigration, but not a country to welcome the arrival of the Jews. In Hungary, Jews can't maintain normal life. In Italy, a comprehensive anti - Jewish law passed in October 7, 1938. At the outbreak of the war in 1939, the Jews in major European countries more or less in the trials and tribulations, their legitimate rights by damage and trampling, their property seized or frozen, and there is little chance of their escape and fraught with dangers.
After the outbreak of the war, the Nazi German occupation of the territory of the Jews suffered needless to say, while the Soviet annexation of Romania's Pizza after the Soviet Union, about 300000 of the Jews by the Soviet union. And after the outbreak of the Soviet German war, Romania under the control of Ukraine and Rabbi pizza sub province of the Jews was the Romanian Army inhuman massacre. In the Balkans occupied before, some Jews fled to Turkey to the east. But the government of Turkey shall accept only the transit route through the people. Britain was worried that a flood of refugees Palestine will worsen the situation there, and the Arab world and put the fleeing channel is very tight seal, they entered the Palestinian people not a visa. The result, the famous "Stewart rooma" shipwreck tragedy.
In February 1942, nearly 800 refugees took the boat to Turkey, but the Turks were not allowed to land, because the British refused to guarantee that they can cross the border into Syria, Turkey. Later, the ship tried to from sea bound for Palestine, but without success, results in off the coast of Turkey exploded and sank, the only survivors.
Even the so-called free country American have make a big mistake. In May 1939, carrying more than 900 refugees (mostly Jews) "St. Louis" ship from Europe to the United States, Florida, but by the coastal defense forces of the United States refused to. The ship was forced to return to Europe, and most of the results were murdered by the Nazis. [3] as a neutral country of Spain and Portugal, a total of more than 3000 Jewish refugees, and most of these Jews are rich. Switzerland was completely surrounded by the axis powers, but it also faces many difficulties, but it still took about 29000 Jewish refugees, in addition to allow them to find a job, but also provides a number of Swiss francs relief and assistance. [4]
In comparison, Switzerland has made some concessions in the Nazi threat and can still save a part of the Jews, compared with other countries, Switzerland's behavior is not to blame.
On the four, on the post-war Swiss bank accused Nazi gold deposits of the distribution and misappropriation of the Jews
Between 1946 and 1952, the allies and Switzerland negotiated and signed a series of agreements on how to deal with the problem of how to deal with the problem of Nazi gold deposits in Swiss banks. These agreements, regardless of the distribution of the situation at that time, are legally binding. And now it is accused of saying that the amount of allies is too small, Switzerland should be more to take out as a war compensation. This accusation is extremely boring. For the two sides of the equality negotiations, in the spirit of mutual understanding of the agreement reached in the agreement, because the time of the distribution can not be completely reversed it? Such behavior is capricious, and it is also a contempt for the law.
About the misappropriation of Jewish property charges, but also for a reason. Due to the large number of Jews in the Holocaust of World War II led many Jews die an untimely on, unclaimed deposits. According to the law, the money should be inherited by their descendants, but many of them were killed by the Nazis. The handling of these properties, according to law in the bank deposit is reasonable, but it should be from the perspective of the Jewish people, and the agreement with the relevant Jewish organizations, will be used to help Jews humanitarian cause. But this error does not affect the great efforts made by Switzerland in the World War II era for the cause of peace.
During the Second World War, no country is blameless, Switzerland is no exception. But we can't ignore the role of Switzerland during World War II. As Churchill in a telegram to the British Foreign Secretary Aydin to make such evaluation of Switzerland: "in all the neutral countries, Switzerland has the right to receive special treatment. In between we and our country only meet on the battleground of a bridge, is switzerland. Switzerland can give us to what we expect of trade benefits, or Switzerland to ensure their survival for the German provides too much material, are not the crux of the problem lies, Switzerland is a democracy, for freedom and independence in the mountains of the battle; although the country has its own ethnic attributes, but in terms of moral it is near our side. "