The main problems in the financial management of private enterprises
(a) blind investment
Blind investment in private enterprises is mainly reflected in the imitation and follow the trend of blind expansion. Imitation is very common in China, not only in Chinese enterprises, in real life can be found everywhere to imitate the phenomenon of follow suit. Simply imitation is to see what to someone to invest a lot of money, others learn what to invest, but wait until you may find opportunities when there is already a lot of people are found, then the business will lose his value, you also miss the best time. Then go to the capital, is likely to The loss outweighs the gain. In addition, the expansion of enterprises indicates that all aspects of the enterprise is developing and improving, it can be idle funds to invest in other projects, so as to obtain a certain amount of investment income.
Blind expansion is that the enterprise wants to become bigger and stronger, to see the opportunity or not in the market, after careful consideration after the start of the horizontal or vertical expansion of enterprises, finally put a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, did not reach the expected effect and profit, the enterprise suffered serious damage, or even collapse. Wenzhou Baixin shoes, giant group, the sun god group and so on, are due to the blind expansion and diversification due to funding strand breaks, business failure. In addition, other aspects of the investment has seriously affected the development of private enterprises, mainly reflected in its low positioning, product structure and the level is not high.
(two) financial control is weak
Financial control is the reasonable control of financial enterprises, in accordance with the pre planning, process control, control after the improvement principle, make financial personnel to carry out their duties, remain in a proper sphere.
Most of the private enterprises to understand the importance of financial management, and the lack of high-quality financial personnel, resulting in the internal financial control is weak, the financial sector responsibilities is not divided, inventory check and ultra vires act; financial cost check calculation system is not perfect, as well as the financial support received approval system the basic system is not complete. Will eventually lead to idle or insufficient funds, the slow turnover of accounts receivable, inventory control is weak, the loss of serious waste of assets and other issues into the financial distress of enterprises. And in the private enterprises are generally by the enterprise leaders to control the property rights, lack of scientific and reasonable flow control.
(three) the financial institutions are not perfect
Private enterprise financial institutions are not perfect mainly in two aspects.
First, the accounting work is serious, for private enterprises, the financial work is a passive work, he is the work of various departments. The whole process of decision-making, organization and control of the enterprise is the accounting personnel can not take the initiative to participate in, and the result of the growth of enterprises and accounting work out of touch with each other, inhibiting the healthy growth and development of enterprises.
Two is the accounting institutions are not perfect. Some of the small private enterprises in the start-up period may not have the establishment of accounting institutions, even if some enterprises set up, there may be unclear internal division of labor, job responsibility is not clear. In the accounting staff on the appointment of private enterprises are not in accordance with the provisions of the accounting standards, there are often more than one post phenomenon.
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(four) the quality of the financial staff is low
Private enterprises are private enterprises, the pursuit of the maximization of interests. So when they recruit staff, not only to consider the quality of personnel, but also to consider the cost. And the private enterprise accounting is relatively simple, so they choose the low paid college students, and even some no college staff can carry out accounting. These personnel can be used to handling basic accounts, but there is no rigorous professional training courses and university learning, professional quality is not high and the lack of legal concept is an inevitable result.
Two, improve the private enterprise financial management problems and Countermeasures
(1) policy support for all levels of government
Both the financing and foreign investment need government support. To get the support of the government I think we should do the following three points: first, we must be familiar with the government's policy direction, the government should do what the enterprise, how to do is to focus on private enterprises. Only with the government's footsteps, you can get the attention of the government. Second, the government to convey the concept of the enterprise, and expressed willingness to serve the people of the country ideal. This is called the loyalty of the table. Only you and the government on a line, you can get the favor of the government. Finally, establish a close relationship with the government. The government as their parents, good teachers and helpful friends, actively respond to the government's call, how to communicate with the government, increase mutual trust, sincere support and trust from the government.
In general, private enterprises to fill the gaps in the local, or high-tech enterprises, or environmental protection companies and other areas of government much-needed, are likely to receive government financial support. A good relationship with the government, the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises demonstration base, makes a contribution to the country for the people abide by the law, but also can get the support of the government.
(two) the support of financial institutions
For financial institutions to support the first to strengthen the information communication between enterprises and banks and other financial institutions. Between the actual commercial banks and private enterprises will appear serious phenomenon of inconsistent information, the main service object of commercial banks has been the large state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and between the business communication and contact less, fewer. In the issuance of loans, private enterprises need more cost and investigation of their credit and financial situation, the higher the risk, financial institutions will be able to avoid lending.
Second, private enterprises should continue to strengthen financial management, to prevent fraud. The private enterprise must be in strict accordance with the requirements of the program of bank loans in order to win the trust and support of the bank, timely and accurately provide the financial statements and information related to the bank, the establishment of a certain credibility, the bank will be assured of loans to enterprises.
Finally, we must continue to add technical components, the development of long-term products. The country's financial policy of national industrial policy requirements, consistent with certain scientific and technological components, has a good prospect of industry development, development potential is relatively large for small and medium enterprises, commercial banks should give priority to extend credit support. Therefore, private enterprises should step up the pace of technological improvements to achieve the upgrading of industrial technology.
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(three) improve financial control
The implementation of the budget management system, it is necessary to clearly define the responsibility center, cost center, cost center, etc.. Each responsibility center must have a relatively independent manager whose task is to achieve the appropriate budget targets. In the process of organizing the budget, we must first analyze the company's financial reports and find out the key points of the budget.
Improve the efficiency of the use of funds, the use of funds to produce the best results. First of all, to make the source of funds and the use of effective allocation, must not use short-term loans to buy fixed assets, so as not to lead to cash flow difficulties. Secondly, to accurately predict the time and pay back the money, what time should the accounts receivable can recover, what time can purchase and so on are aware of, otherwise, easy to cause the imbalance of payments, cash strapped.
Strengthen property control. Establish and improve the internal control system of material management, material procurement, marketing, sales and sample management to establish a standardized operating procedures, blocking loopholes, maintaining safety. Property management and records must be separated to form a strong internal containment. Regularly check inventory property, supervise the management to strengthen management.
Strengthen inventory and accounts receivable management. In recent years, there are a lot of private enterprises into a liquidity shortage dilemma, and strengthen the inventory and accounts receivable management is an important financial measures.
To strengthen inventory management, to avoid sluggish funds, and scientific methods to ensure the best structure of inventory. To strengthen the management of accounts receivable, the credit sale customer credit rating, the accounts receivable credit policy and receivables management.
(four) improve the quality of financial personnel and business level
Financial personnel in the enterprise's financial management occupies an important position, the financial staff must recognize this. In the financial management, to establish the correct ideas and concepts, to overcome the only responsible attitude to the boss. At the same time have on the enterprise's strong sense of responsibility and enterprise, establish the concept of law-abiding, not corruption and jobbery, should conscientiously do a good job of finance related work, the daily change of fixed work habits, the difference of financial and accounting. Financial staff should also establish the concept of lifelong learning, to understand the financial management of the new progress, the modern enterprise financial management concepts and means throughout the business activities. To improve the quality of financial personnel, to improve the professional ethics of accountants, to strengthen the construction of professional ethics, to strengthen the follow-up education, and constantly increase new knowledge.
Under the condition of accounting information, it is necessary to improve the ability of financial management. Financial professionals skilled, confidentiality is too strong, honest and trustworthy, public and private. The relationship between the rights and obligations of the accounting work correctly handle, resolutely resist the temptation, consolidate the financial law idea, seeking truth from facts, to eliminate false. In order to improve the quality of financial personnel, financial management more secure.
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(five) to strengthen enterprise cost control, improve the level of enterprise competition
The fundamental way for enterprises to increase earnings interest is through cost control, enterprise must establish the reasonable and practical application of cost management system, according to the steps of careful analysis of the cost of the each step, method of stepwise analysis using quantity, cost, benefit, carefully study and ultimately determine the best enterprise sales volume and sales amount of the cost of protection, step by step to determine the sales price should be identified, determine the amount of storage of goods, reduce no utility or lower inefficient use of labor. First of all, it is necessary to establish the cost accounting system, to determine the cost accounting principles and the cost of expenditure. Secondly, after careful calculation and investigation, determine the direction and responsibility of the cost of the enterprise. In the investigation of the performance of the business, the unit and method of measuring the cost should be considered as the main index of each layer, and then ensure the successful completion of the cost target. Third, expand the scope of cost assessment, not only to assess the cost of product manufacturing accounting, but also to assess the quality of the product cost, the cost of responsibility. The original focus of cost management is to simplify the cost accounting, and now to focus on cost control. In order to raise the level of cost management, and constantly enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
Reference
[1] Li Shizun. Study on financial management of private enterprises [D]. Jilin University, 2013
[2] Li Zhongyi. Research on financial risk of listed private enterprises from the perspective of internal control quality [D]. Zhejiang Gongshang University, 2014