论文关键词 和谐文化 历史脉络 一脉相承 和谐社会
Keywords harmonious culture history come down in one continuous line of Harmonious Society
文化是思想的沉淀，是历史的传承，是一个民族得以薪火相传和繁荣富强的不竭动力。2011年10月，党的十七届六中全会明确提出，要坚持中国特色社会主义文化发展道路，努力建设社会主义文化强国。和谐文化作为中国特色社会主义文化的重要组成部分，是马克思主义文化理论与中国具体实践相结合、与中华民族文化相结合的产物，是推进社会主义现代化建设、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要精神财富，深刻梳理和阐释和谐文化理论形成的历史脉络，无疑具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。
Culture is the ideology of precipitation, is a historical heritage, is an inexhaustible motive force for national prosperity and to passing the torch. In 2011 October, the seventeen session of the six plenary session of the party put forward clearly, should adhere to the socialist culture with Chinese characteristics development road, trying to build a socialist cultural power. The harmonious culture is the important part of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, is a product of Marx's cultural theory, combined with the concrete practice of China and the culture of the Chinese nation, is the spiritual wealth of socialist modernization construction, the construction of socialist harmonious society, history and profound interpretation and analysis theory of the formation of a harmonious culture, is undoubtedly of great the theoretical value and practical significance.
一、毛泽东同志的新民主主义文化理论
First, comrade Mao Zedong's theory of new democratic culture
自鸦片战争以来,中国遭遇了“三千年未有之变局”，中华民族面临着内忧外患，文化建设亦面临着迷茫和危机，以毛泽东同志为代表的中国共产党人在领导革命和建设过程中，高度重视文化建设问题。作为马克思主义中国化的创始人，毛泽东同志的文化思想始终坚持马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实践相结合，既继承了中华优秀文化成分，又借鉴了国外先进文化成果，成为毛泽东同志思想体系中不可或缺的核心成分之一。
Since the Opium War, China suffered a "change" three thousand years of not, Chinese nation is facing both internal and external, cultural construction is also facing the confusion and crisis, with Comrade Mao Zedong as the representative of the Chinese Communist Party in the process of leading the revolution and construction, attaches great importance to culture construction problems. As the founder of the Marx doctrine in China, comrade Mao Zedong's thought of culture has always adhere to the basic principle of the Marx doctrine with the concrete practice of China, not only inherited the excellent Chinese cultural elements, and learn from foreign advanced cultural achievements, has become one of the core components of an ideological system of comrade Mao Zedong.
The theory of new democratic culture as the essence of Comrade Mao Zedong Thought of culture, is an important origin of harmonious culture theory, is of great significance for the current construction of harmonious culture. First of all, Comrade Mao Zedong has revealed the nature of culture, discusses the relationship between culture and politics, economy, science defines the social orientation of culture. In the view of Comrade Mao Zedong, the sum total of the material wealth and the spiritual wealth and cultural development as the process of human social history creation, belong to the superstructure, has a distinct class character, that is "a certain culture (as an ideological culture) is a reflection of the social politics and economy, but also give great influence and effect upon society politics and economy; the economy is the foundation of politics is the concentrated expression of economics." Secondly, on the basis of revealing culture class, comrade Mao Zedong illustrates the scientific connotation of the new democratic culture, namely, the leadership of the proletariat the people's anti imperialist and anti feudal culture, so it should be the Chinese people against imperialism in order to fight for national independence and anti feudalism in order to seek a powerful weapon of social progress. Again, the new democratic culture is the new culture of the Chinese nation, comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that it is national, scientific and popular of the three basic characteristics: the so-called national character, which is against the imperialist oppression and claim the dignity of the Chinese nation and independent; the science, it should seek truth from facts, for objective the truth is the unity of theory and practice; the mass of workers and peasants who, it is for the public service, and gradually become their culture. In addition, comrade Mao Zedong put forward the scientific approach of ancient and modern culture, it should draw its essence and discard its dross. Treatment of the traditional culture, to use critical eye to inherit and carry forward, against a separate history, abandoning the tradition; treat foreign culture, to absorb and learn from the use of dialectical thinking, opposed blindly worship, completely absorbed.
二、邓小平同志的社会主义精神文明理论
Comrade Deng Xiaoping, two the theory of socialist spiritual civilization
十年文革给中华民族带来了深重的灾难，文化亦历经着巨大的浩劫。邓小平同志作为改革开放的总设计师，在领导改革开放和现代化建设过程中，十分重视文化对于政治经济建设的作用，强调在进行物质文明建设的同时，也要加强精神文明建设，即物质文明与精神文明要坚持“两手抓，两手都要硬”的方针。
Ten years of the Cultural Revolution to the Chinese people brought grave disaster, culture also has a great catastrophe. Comrade Deng Xiaoping as the general designer of the reform and opening up, in the process of leading the reform and opening up and modernization construction, attaches great importance to the political economic cultural construction, stressed in the construction of material civilization at the same time, but also to strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization, material civilization and spirit civilization should adhere to the principle of "both hands, both hands" policy.
The theory of spiritual civilization construction as the core of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's cultural thoughts, the great practice from the reform and opening up, is the inheritance and development of Mao Zedong's thought of culture, has a very rich connotation, not only the creative development of Marx's cultural theory, but also opened a new journey of socialist cultural construction with Chinese characteristics. The guiding ideology of cultural construction, comrade Deng Xiaoping stressed that the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, we must adhere to the scientific world outlook and methodology of Marx's theory. In his view, in the implementation of the reform and opening up and the process of globalization, cultural blend collision, a variety of social thoughts surging emotions, only adhere to the dominant position of the Marx doctrine in the ideology, the construction of socialist modernization will not be lost, lost soul. The strategic position of cultural construction, comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that the socialist modernization of economy, politics and culture is the organic unity of the three modernization, socialist spiritual civilization is an important feature of socialism, is an important manifestation of the superiority of the socialist system. "We are building a high degree of material civilization at the same time, improve the scientific and cultural level of the whole nation, develop a rich and colorful cultural life, the height of the building of socialist spiritual civilization." On the value orientation of the cultural construction, comrade Deng Xiaoping think should adhere to the principle of "serving the people, the basic direction of socialism", the "three benefits" as the criterion, in order to meet the people's free and all-round development, promote overall social progress and prosperity, therefore, he put forward the "science and technology is the first productivity", "education should be oriented to modernization, face the world, face the future", cultivate ideals, morality, culture, discipline of the socialist new "famous judgment. On the basic principles of cultural construction, Comrade Deng Xiaoping stressed to strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization of the four basic principles of education, in order to ensure the correct direction of modernization; reiterated that cultural construction should adhere to the "All flowers bloom together., contention of a hundred schools of thought" and "make the past serve the present, to make foreign things serve China" policy, promote the progress of science and technology, promote the development of literature and art, to meet the spiritual needs, the realization of social progress.
Three, Comrade Jiang Zemin advanced socialist culture theory
党的十三届四中全会以来，江泽民同志作为党的第三代中央领导集体的核心，在继承毛泽东同志、邓小平文化理论的基础上，立足国际形势的深刻变化和国内经济社会发展的新要求，根据文化发展的内在规律，审时度势，高瞻远瞩，提出了一系列关于文化建设的新思想，科学地阐述并强调文化建设的战略地位，并将文化建设提升到体现综合国力重要标志的新境界。
Since the party's Fourth Plenary Session of thirteen, Comrade Jiang Zemin as a core of the party's third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong, inheriting culture, Deng Xiaoping theory, profound changes and new requirements of economic and social development of a country based on the international situation, according to the inherent law of cultural development, the situation, look far ahead from a high plane, put forward a series of on the cultural construction of new ideas, scientific paper and emphasizes the strategic position of cultural construction, and will be a new realm of culture construction and promote to the symbol of the comprehensive national strength.
江泽民同志从社会主义事业兴旺发达和中华民族伟大复兴的历史高度，强调“当今世界，文化与经济和政治相互交融，在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用越来越突出”，提出了一系列关于文化建设精辟的论述，构建了中国特色社会主义先进文化理论体系，进一步丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论。1991年7月，在庆祝党成立70周年大会的讲话中，江泽民同志创造性地使用了“有中国特色社会主义文化”这一概念并对其进行阐述，初步形成了中国特色社会主义文化理论的雏形。此后，他多次论及建设中国特色社会主义文化问题，不断丰富和完善其科学内涵，并对其历史地位和现实作用做了精确的定位，制定了我国社会主义初阶段文化建设的基本纲领和根本任务，使中国特色社会主义文化理论成为一个丰满的理论体系。2000年2月，江泽民同志在广东考察工作时，全面总结党的历史经验教训和深刻分析当前形势任务，首次提出并阐述了“三个代表”重要思想，同年5月，他在江苏、浙江、上海考察工作时，强调“三个代表”是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，在马克思主义建党史上首次将“中国先进文化”提高到党的性质的高度，重点突出了社会主义先进文化的战略地位和历史作用。2001年7月，在庆祝党成立80周年大会的讲话中，江泽民同志对先进文化的科学内涵和战略地位等问题作了全面的阐述。先进文化理论是人类文明进步的结晶和时代精神的总结，它的提出，顺应了历史发展的潮流，体现了时代进步的特征，是党在新的历史条件下文化意识的理性自觉以及复兴中华文化的强烈使命感，标志着党的治党、执政思想的成熟。
Comrade Jiang Zemin from the prosperity of the cause of socialism and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation historical height, stressed that "in today's world, culture and economic and political integration, the status and role in the competition of comprehensive national strength is more and more outstanding", put forward a series of brilliant expositions on Culture construction, build the theoretical system of socialist advanced culture Chinese characteristics, to further enrich and develop Marx's theory of culture. In 1991 July, the 70 anniversary of the founding of the party in celebration of his speech, Comrade Jiang Zemin creative use of the concept of "socialist culture" has China characteristics and carries on the elaboration, the initial formation of the embryonic form of the theory of socialist culture China characteristics. Since then, he has repeatedly and the construction of socialist culture China characteristics, and constantly enrich and improve its scientific connotation, and its historical status and realistic function to make the accurate positioning, formulate the basic principles of China's early stage of socialist cultural construction and the fundamental task of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the theoretical system of cultural theory as a plump. In 2000 February, Comrade Jiang Zemin in Guangdong inspection work, a comprehensive summary of the historical experience and lessons of the party and a profound analysis of the current situation and tasks are put forward for the first time, and expounds the important thought of "Three Represents", in May the same year, he was in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai inspection work, emphasis on "Three Represents" is the foundation for building our party the party, the ruling foundation, the source of force, in the Marx doctrine party for the first time in history to "improve Chinese advanced culture" to the advanced quality of party, highlighting the strategic position of socialist advanced culture and history. In 2001 July, the 80 anniversary of the founding of the party in celebration of the speech, has made the comprehensive elaboration of Comrade Jiang Zemin on the scientific connotation of advanced culture and strategic position. The theory of advanced culture is the crystallization of human civilization and the spirit of the age of the summary, it proposed, conform to the trend of historical development, embodies the characteristics of the progress of the times, is the party in a strong mission of rational consciousness of cultural consciousness under the new historical conditions and the revival of Chinese culture, marking the party party, ruling ideology mature.
Four, Comrade Hu Jintao harmonious socialist cultural theory
随着经济全球化的发展和我国改革开放的深入，社会结构的急剧转型、东西文化交融碰撞以及社会群体的利益格局不断分化促使整个社会思潮纷乱复杂和人们价值观念多元多变，文化失范和道德危机的突显呼吁着社会主义和谐文化的建设。和谐文化理论的形成和发展是一个循序渐进的过程，2005年5月，胡锦涛同志在云南考察工作时强调：“要树立共同理想,打牢共同思想基础,特别是要宣传和树立以‘八荣八耻’为主要内容的社会主义荣辱观,促进和谐文化建设,为构建社会主义和谐社会提供强大的思想道德力量。”首次提出了建设和谐文化的战略思想并对其重大意义进行了深刻地阐述。2006年10月，党的十六届六中全会作出了关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定，进一步强调和阐述了建设和谐文化的问题，为和谐文化建设指明了方向，强调“建设和谐文化，是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要任务。社会主义核心价值体系是建设和谐文化的根本。”时隔不久，胡锦涛同志在中国文联第八次代表大会、中国作协第七次代表大会上的讲话中又进一步阐明了建设和谐文化与构建社会主义和谐社会的相互关系。2007年10月，在党的十七大报告中，胡锦涛同志从增强民族凝聚力和创造力、提高综合国力以及丰富人民的精神文化生活等方面，揭示了和谐文化建设在当今社会发展中的重要作用，提出了“建设和谐文化，培育文明风尚”的重大任务，强调和谐文化是全体人民团结进步的重要精神支撑。
With the development of economic globalization and China's reform and opening up, the rapid transformation of social structure, culture and social interest pattern differentiation and promote the social trend of thought and values the complicated multi variable, cultural anomie and moral crisis highlights for the construction of a socialist harmonious culture. The formation and development of the theory of harmonious culture is a gradual process, in 2005 May, Comrade Hu Jintao stressed during his inspection tour in Yunnan: "to establish a common ideal, and lay a solid ideological foundation, especially to the publicity and set to 'Eight Honors and eight disgraces' as the main content of the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, and promoting the construction of harmonious culture, to provide a powerful ideological and moral strength for the construction of socialist harmonious society." For the first time, the strategic thinking of harmonious culture construction is put forward and the significance of the profound explanation. In 2006 October, the sixteen session of the six plenary session of the party made a number of major issues on building a harmonious socialist society's decision, further emphasized and elaborated the harmonious cultural construction problems, and pointed out the direction for the construction of harmonious culture, emphasis on "building a harmonious culture, is an important task to build a harmonious socialist society. The core value system of socialism is the basic construction of harmonious culture." Shortly thereafter, the speech of Comrade Hu Jintao in Chinese Federation of the Eighth Congress, Chinese writers on the Seventh Congress and further clarifies the relationship between the construction of harmonious culture and the construction of socialist harmonious society. In 2007 October, the report of the Seventeenth Party Congress, Comrade Hu Jintao from the aspects of enhancing national cohesion and creativity, enhance the comprehensive national strength and enrich people's cultural life, reveals the important role of the construction of harmonious culture in the development of society, "the building of a harmonious culture, put forward the important task of cultivating civilized fashion", emphasizing the harmonious culture is an important spiritual unity and progress of all our people support.
Harmonious culture is an important part of socialist culture China characteristics, is a kind of modernization, the world and the future, advanced culture and national scientific and popular, is the crystallization of human civilization progress, it is rooted in the cultural soil, has the unique national character and heritage, and learn from the beneficial achievements of culture the human, has the bright open and inclusive. The so-called "harmonious culture, is formed in the history of the development of human society in harmony as the core ideas and values, melting ideas, ideals and beliefs, social habits, behavior norms, the system is a form of culture, which contains the basic idea and the ideal of the pursuit of social development, but also the overall cognition and evaluation on the development of the society, including the construction of the practice of social development trend and system." Harmonious culture in the practice of constructing harmonious society is based on the need of emerge as the times require, its basic feature is the harmonious society and the important content, also is the cultural source and spiritual power of the realization of social harmony. Not only that, the harmonious culture and respect for cultural diversity, tolerance and the value of diversification, good absorption quality component of human civilization, the heterogeneous conflict and fusion of different civilizations, seek the world common to national characteristics, in order to solve the blending and collision of multi culture in today's world, push and provides a new theoretical direction and prospects for the development of human civilization to a new realm of harmony. It can be said, the formation of harmonious culture theory reflects the deepening of the party for the law of development of human civilization and knowledge, is a theory innovation in the new historical conditions of the party.
Five, conclusion
从革命战争年代开始，以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人就开启了对文化建设的孜孜探索和对文化繁荣的不懈追求，党在长期领导全国各族人民进行革命、建设和改革事业过程中，针对不同时代特征和文化发展规律对文化建设做出了积极地回应，提出了各自不同的理论阐述，而这些关于文化的理论阐述又是一脉相承，不断发展的，体现了党对于文化建设规律的认识逐步走向深入，逐步走向自觉，逐步走向成熟。和谐文化是党在新的历史条件下的理论创新和文化战略调整，建设和谐文化，既是对推动社会主义现代化建设，构建和谐社会具有针对性的文化提升，也是对全球化背景下多种文明交融、多元价值碰撞以及多样文化诉求的积极回应，在中国特色社会主义发展进程中具有里程碑的意义。
From the beginning of the revolutionary war, with Mao Zedong as the representative of the Communist Party of China has opened to the cultural construction and cultural prosperity and explores the unremitting pursuit, the Party led the people of all ethnic groups in the long-term revolution, construction and reform process, according to the law of development of the times characteristics and culture on the cultural construction has made positive in response to this, put forward their different theories, and the theory about culture is come down in one continuous line, continuous development, reflects the party's understanding of the law of cultural construction of the forward step by step, step by step to consciously and gradually mature. Harmonious culture is the party in the new historical conditions, theoretical innovation and cultural strategic adjustment, to build a harmonious culture, is to promote the construction of socialist modernization, to enhance the culture to build a harmonious society, but also actively respond to a variety of civilization under the background of globalization, multi value collision and cultural diversity is a milestone in the socialist demands. The development of Chinese characteristics and significance.