??? ?? ??? ???? ?????
Keywords college personalized occupation occupation career guidance.
???????????2009 ??????????? 611 ???2010 ?? 630 ???2011 ?? 660 ???2012????? 680 ???
According to the data released by the Ministry of education, the total number of college graduates in China in 2009 is 6110000, 2010 for 6300000 people, 6600000 people in 2011, in 2012 it reached 6800000.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“????”???“????”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Along with the rapid expansion of the scale of enrollment, the number of university graduates were rising year after year, but the increase in the number of employment is not optimistic, resulting in the increasing employment pressure of College students. In order to alleviate the employment pressure of college students, help students to find suitable for personal development occupation, many colleges and universities carried out occupation guidance. However, most colleges and universities "occupation guidance" into "employment guidance", to focus on graduate employment rate, stressed, ignored the professional characteristics, student's grade characteristics, personality characteristics, resulting in students' occupation consciousness is weak, the occupation ideal fuzzy, vocational ability is insufficient, the employment quality is generally not high. In order to improve the level of university occupation guidance, the author advocates Promoting University personalized occupation guidance, to fully meet the needs of college students occupation emphasizes the common, individual oriented, occupation guidance expansion of full, development, to provide comprehensive protection for the successful employment of University students.
??????????????
A specialized occupation, offering guidance course.
Personalized attention and occupation guidance training students awareness of self consciousness of occupation and occupation development, so the university should provide occupation guidance courses for students, in order to promote the students to obtain the profound comprehension in occupation guide teaching, learn to self occupation planning, and enhance the enthusiasm and initiative of the professional learning in virtually. However, many colleges and universities occupation guidance curriculum more in the form of elective course offered, can not cause the attention of the students. At the same time, most of them take class teaching mode, students of different majors in different branches of teaching the same content, lack of practicability and pertinence, to stimulate students interest in learning, teaching effect. In order to promote the university occupation guidance should be individualized, occupation guidance courses professional, in order to meet the needs of students professional occupation guidance.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The university education is closely combined with the professional knowledge of discipline education, professional is the basis of choice of personal occupation and development, occupation guidance left the professional characteristics will be inefficient or invalid. Therefore, occupation guidance curriculum personalization should highlight the professional, emphasizing the need for occupation characteristics and employment, pay attention to the combination of professional features, the occupation planning and occupation prospect of occupation guidance and personal contact, in order to improve the occupation guidance, practical, strengthen the student's Employment Confidence and employment ability. For example, for a professional distinctive medical specialties, in the process of occupation guidance, can explain the combination of some clinical class vivid examples, also can invite clinicians for professional requirements to do some special lectures, so that the enthusiasm of the students attending will be greatly improved, the effect is better also accept.
Object covered many university occupation instruction courses are mainly graduates, occupation guidance course into emergency employment guidance course. In fact, occupation guidance course should be a long-term, system of curriculum, should pay attention to the level, the specific step by step to complete the occupation guidance grade characteristic stages of teaching objectives. As Freshman due to less social experience, life experience is simple, self cognition, occupation cognition is fuzzy, so the level of curriculum should focus on methods for occupation characteristics, professional occupation career planning theory, occupation cognition and the content means, to guide the students to establish vocational consciousness, practical ability training self management, self planning and self improvement. Two, Junior spare time is abundant, but the lack of exercise, often feel that have nothing to do, so the level of the emphasis of the course should strengthen to student's entrepreneurial guidance, pay attention to the classroom education and entrepreneurial practice teaching combining form, strengthen the interpersonal relationship education, frustration education, entrepreneurship education, to cultivate students' entrepreneurial spirit, to improve the ability of entrepreneurship. Senior facing the pressure of employment, some anxiety for future occupation, so the level of emphasis is placed on employment guidance, including the analysis of the employment situation, job preparation, job strength, career employment psychological adjustment, in order to help the students to adapt to the society.
??????????????
Two, to guide the development of occupation career planning.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Offering personalized occupation guidance curriculum aim, is to help college students to grasp the theory and perfect occupation ability, to lay the ideological foundation for the step into the society fully. However, due to the implementation of the credit system in Colleges and universities, curriculum learning itself utilitarian certain, but many students also often heavy test scores the learning process light, weakened the theory of teaching value. Occupation career is a life-long occupation work experience, occupation career planning is the person according to the analysis of environment on its subjective and objective, to plan out the life in the career development of strategic vision and plan. At present, college students increasingly serious employment situation, many college students graduate stage until I realized that cruel and workplace social reality, the lack of preparation is the result of influence to get the ideal work. The course schedule is not reasonable, some colleges and universities to carry out the occupation guidance course just as a task, and without really thinking about the curriculum schedule, when low grade early to this course is finished, many graduates really when used in relevant employment knowledge, already can't recall the part of the contents of this class Professor, leads to encounter a lot of unnecessary trouble in the course of employment. In order to help college students personalized occupation choice and pursuit of rationality, we must advance the college personalized occupation guidance, whole process and development on occupation guidance, guide students to make personalized occupation career planning, to enhance the purpose and plan of the students' occupation, realizing occupation target and self value.
The big one for occupation career planning guide period, the period of the occupation career aims at training the students consciousness, make them aware of the importance of the occupation career. Should emphasize to educate students occupation career planning concept, let students understand the program settings, clear the direction of future employment, and considering the students' personal and professional, hobbies, personality characteristics, life goals, guiding the formulation of a personal occupation career planning is in line with the practical and suitable for the needs of society. At the same time, to guide the rational arrangement of college students and management time, consciously strengthen professional and technical learning, minor or elective courses, to shorten the adaptation period of university life, lay a good foundation for the future ability of the successful employment.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The occupation career planning big adjustment period, the period of professional foundation seeks to consolidate the students, cultivate their comprehensive ability, solve the problem of their occupation career orientation. The concrete should be combined with the development trend of occupation and occupation psychological evaluation, and help the students to know their own advantages and disadvantages, and occupation interest, occupation ability, and guide students to adjust occupation career planning and learning goals, students actively participate in, social organizations, to take English, computer and other related qualification certificate, to upgrade the comprehensive quality own, steadfast steadily performed occupation career planning. For some not to adapt to select professional students should be guided to the initial, adjustment and planning in this period, the early re satisfied with the choice of professional, lay the foundation for the development of the cause of a better future.
??
Three for the occupation career planning practice period, the period of occupation work aims at cultivating the ability and innovative ability of students, to improve their future employment competition ability. Specific should encourage students to participate in a variety of campus cultural activities, social practice activities, business plan competition, or the organization of human resource department communication with students, to help students understand different enterprise culture, to exercise and enhance the ability of social communication, professional practice ability and innovation ability. At the same time, a comprehensive inspection and familiar with the structure of their knowledge and abilities, further modification of occupation career planning in practice, to prepare for a move towards the society smoothly.
Four for the occupation career planning perfect period, the period of taking employment services as the focus, to improve the employment level and employment rate of students. Specific should guide students to good preparation for employment, and began to learn to provide employment guidance center employer data and information, strengthen job skills, a mock interview training, and actively participate in recruitment activities, in practice, check their accumulation and preparation, the completion of the initial conversion from students to the role of occupation.
????????????
Three, carry out the experiential occupation guidance.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
College students in planning their own occupation career, often with blindness and perceptual obvious, even if the reference to the views or occupation guidance teacher evaluation results, established a scientific occupation career planning, is still unable to ensure that it can seriously carry out or practice. At present, an important reason for the difficult employment of college students is out of touch with the actual needs of occupation mode of cultivation of college talent, in order to reduce personnel costs, many employers are reluctant to hire graduates. In order to help the students acquired early occupation experience, training and improving the students' ability of occupation, the management of college students should promote personal occupation guidance, forced to conduct experiential occupation guidance, to help students better adjustment, modification, improve the occupation career, and then promote the occupation rization and socialization of students.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? PPT ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Social occupation experience survey. Although serious study through professional occupation guidance course, is conducive to the promotion of college students to establish the basic cognition of future occupation, but also only stay in the theoretical level of the teaching material, the lack of new and practical. The management of college students can carry out social occupation investigation experience, specific requirements of students use cold summer vacation time, combined with the requirement of social practice, in every year, according to the professional industry characteristics, development and the professional related occupation development present situation and the prospect, occupation demand, in the talent with the standards in respect of occupation in the people, occupation of successful people, and operation ideas in related fields, to the enterprise, business executives or alumni visit, combined with relevant literature references, a comprehensive analysis of occupation, and write the corresponding investigation report or experience. After the event, timely organize the students to communicate with each other, can use PPT form to report the results of their survey. Through these ways, make the students understanding of occupation and occupation career rising from abstract to concrete, from perceptual to rational, thereby enhancing the sense of identity of occupation, in order to make a success in this field, to become the outstanding occupation and continuously improve their own.
Occupation skill practice experience. At present, only let students contact occupation knowledge, go on the occupation post, to adapt to and satisfy the requirement of occupation, and obtain the direct, objective, accurate understanding of occupation and career, so as to promote their active attitude adjustment and the expected expansion of occupation skill, occupation, strengthen confidence, finally realize win-win unit and for college students. The management of college students should be through the provision of campus entrepreneurial activity, build school enterprise cooperation practice platform, organize the students took to the streets or community, professional knowledge learned to carry out various types of service, arrange students to carry on the short-term practice of employing units. Through many kinds of forms to actively carry out occupation skill practice experience, help the students went into the enterprise, understand business, understand the deep post, post, in order to promote the more determined their occupation belief, society of Leye, Qinye and dedicated, to calm in the face of various external changes and challenges.
???????????????
Four, the realization of individual occupation advisory service.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The same students tend to have the same occupation direction and occupation demands, so it is common occupation guidance, diversified, personalized to meet the demand of most students. However, some special groups showed a shy, introverted, weak inferiority, anxiety, personality characteristics of students, often due to poor expression and communication, which in the occupation career planning or occupation experience, even doubts but cannot be solved effectively, thus lack of occupation motivation, and give the future employment and employment brings greater adverse effects. In order to promote personalized occupation guidance, it must be based on all the students, based on satisfying the common requirements, respect students' individual differences but also, to achieve one to one individual occupation Advisory Services II.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Although most has the occupation psychological problems of the students through the outside help to solve their own confused desire, but often lack the initiative. Therefore, colleges and universities should establish three level network occupation advisory service. Form a level of network by the school occupation guidance institutions engaged in occupation consulting of part-time teachers, establish occupation school counseling center, responsible for the overall occupation consulting work, and professional training for two or three members of the network; the two level network by each department occupation guidance teachers as the main, the main responsible department occupation consulting work, and actively cooperate with the school occupation Advisory Center to carry out related work; three level network composed of class occupation development committee, each class can be provided with boys and girls occupation development committee of the one special occupation, will pay close attention to the focus timely on the newspaper, so that teachers can accurately know the latest in the trend of students' thought, as soon as possible to exclude the difficulty and anxiety. Through the establishment of three level network occupation consulting services, is conducive to the formation of the unified command, division of labor cooperation, clear responsibilities, layer upon layer is responsible for, catch condominium together working situation, can realize the maximum individual occupation advisory service.
Want to achieve to solve college students' occupation confused the issue expected by consulting the conversation, occupation guidance teachers must master certain consulting service means. Among them, the more important are the following two. One is to carry out occupation evaluation, namely according to the actual situation of students choosing occupation assessment tool for the evaluation, including occupation aptitude, personality test, psychological evaluation, occupation occupation interest assessment, to guide students to correctly understand the self, improve the self adjustment ability and the psychological bearing capacity, to assist its rationality to find the best matching people and jobs. Two is to provide the occupation information, namely through the provision of employment information, interview skills to the students, in order to enrich and expand the students' awareness of the real world, occupation of the society, to help them build confidence, success. Through these two kinds of means, so that the majority of students can be more fully and accurately recognize and grasp their job direction, fully prepared for a better job.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“???????????????????????????????????????????????”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
University is an important period of occupation direction of exploration, and completes the guidance of College personalized occupation, not only conducive to help students realize the aspirations of their own occupation, to improve the quality of education, more conducive to promoting the human resources construction target. Facing the increasingly severe employment situation, the university should break through the blind, short-term, standardization, the theory of the traditional occupation guidance, combined with the actual situation of students, turn from "open professional occupation guidance course, guiding the development of occupation career planning, carry out the experiential occupation instruction form, the realization of individual occupation advisory services" the aspects, advancing personal occupation guidance, giving prominence to the students to meet the personalized needs of the. At the same time, to help students a correct understanding of self, self improvement, the correct choice of occupation direction, and in the future occupation career of continuous learning and innovation, so as to realize the maximization of their own occupation target.
???
Notes:
????? ???????????????????????????2009 ?? 2 ??
Xu Debin: "to explore the" innovation model of personalized university occupation guidance, "Journal of Changchun University", 2009 second.
????? ?????????????????????????2010 ?? 35 ??
Guo Hanhua: the "of" practical model of personalized occupation career guidance for university students, "occupation", 2010 thirty-fifth.
????? ?????????????????????????2012 ?? 26 ??
Li Zichao: "the exploration of new mode of" university occupation guidance practice exams, "weekly", 2012 twenty-sixth.