论文关键词：天富集团；风险；对策
One day, the rich group.
新疆天富（集团）有限责任公司（以下简称“天富集团”）由原石河子电力工业公司改制组建而成，于2002年2月4日正式成立，注册资本78612万元。公司主营发、供电、供热、供天然气及煤炭生产、销售，担负着石河子垦区的电、热、气集中统一经营及大部分煤炭的生产经营管理。截止2010年底，天富集团资产总额达96.8亿元，年产值10亿元,年利润超过1亿元,现有员工总数6000余人。拥有已运行和在建可控发电总装机容量逾600兆瓦，变电站37座、换热站82个，供热面积达1200万平方米，年发电量32亿千瓦时,供电量突破28亿千瓦时,供电半径150公里，供热量1358万吉焦，供热半径8公里,供天然气2341万立方米，原煤产能百万吨,年产煤近百万吨。现对天富集团近几年发展中的面临的风险进行分析，并逐一提供对策。
Xinjiang Tianfu (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the "Tianfu group") by the original stone river sub companies in the power industry restructuring and become, was formally established in February 4, 2002, registered capital of 786120000 yuan. The company's main hair, power supply, heat supply, gas and coal production, sales, production management plays the electric, thermal, gas in Shihezi reclamation area centralized and unified management and most of the coal. By the end of 2010, the Tianfu group total assets reached 9680000000 yuan, the annual output value of 1000000000 yuan, annual profits of more than 100000000 yuan, the existing staff of more than 6000 in total. Has been in operation and controllable power installed capacity of more than 600 MW, 37 substations, substation 82, heating area of 12000000 square meters, the annual generating capacity of 3200000000 kwh, power supply breakthrough 2800000000 kwh, power supply radius of 150 kilometers, heating supply 13580000 GJ, heating radius of 8 km, for natural gas 23410000 cubic meters, coal production capacity of one million tons, annual output of nearly one million tons of coal. The risks facing the Tianfu group in recent years in the development were analyzed, and then countermeasures.
二、天富集团发展中的风险分析
Analysis of two risk, Tianfu group in the development of
（一）电压等级及电网负载能力不足的风险
(a) voltage and power grid load risk ability
天富集团电网面临着供电电压等级低，供电半径大，电能质量难以满足要求及电网负载能力不足的问题。师市电源与负荷分布特点决定了天富集团长线路、远距离、南电北送的供电局面，整个电网供电可靠性低，夏季农灌高峰时电压质量差，且电网损耗较大。随着用电负荷的持续增长，上述问题将进一步凸显。但远远无法满足实施经济快速发展的要求，迫切需要提高电网等级，对影响输电能力的“卡脖子”电网线路进行重点改造，保障垦区供电需要和城市工业用电需求。目前天富集团在建电力工程较多，项目容量很大，需尽快落实电厂接入系统，提高电网负载能力。
Tin Fu group of power system is facing power supply low voltage, power supply radius is big, the power quality is difficult to meet the requirement of load capacity and power shortage. Normal power supply and load distribution characteristics determine the supply situation of Tianfu group long lines, long distance, South to the north to send, the reliability of power supply is low, the summer irrigation poor voltage quality peak, and grid loss. With the continuous growth of power load, the problem will be further highlighted. But far unable to meet the rapid development of economy, the urgent need to improve the level of power grid, power transmission capacity "card neck" grid line focus on the transformation, guarantee the electricity demand of reclamation area and city power supply needs of industrial. Present day Fu Group in the construction of power engineering project more, large capacity, to implement access system of power plant as soon as possible, improve the power grid load capacity.
（二）煤炭资源紧缺和煤炭运输风险
(two) the shortage of coal resources and the risk of coal transportation
随着新疆大开发、大建设的不断深入，新疆煤电、煤化工产业的蓬勃发展和国家对“西煤东运”基地的建设力度的加大，三年以后，可能会出现煤源紧张、供不应求的局面。师市经济的不断发展和招商引资力度的逐步加大，对电力的需求也越来越大，煤炭对师市经济发展的质量和速度将起到至关重要的作用。而天富集团电源建设项目的竣工、试运行，也是天富自身的电煤需求也逐渐加大，预计到2015年，天富集团电煤消耗量将超过3500万吨，师市电煤和煤化工等产业约需煤炭6000万吨。
天富集团面临的煤炭资源紧缺压力越来越重，石河子周边煤炭产区的建设时间长，因安全停产的可能性较大，不能保证电煤的安全连续供应。因此，必须在合理运距范围内选择煤矿，作为电煤的主要来源。电煤运输过程中，短途公路运输是主要方式，但公路运输的安全性、连续性难以保证，而铁路运输也面临着铁路专用线建设审批困难、自购车皮成本大等问题。
（三）资金风险
电力项目建设周期长，资金需求量大，天富集团拟投资建设的电源项目共需资金200亿元以上。特别是水电建设及电网建设及改造，造价高，投资回报率低，回收周期长，短期内对企业的投资压力很大，项目建设和发展面临严峻的资金风险。由于电力建设的审批权一直是由国家掌握的，而且程序严格、持续时间长，项目取得国家批文比较困难，造成银行贷款难以落实，加剧了电力建设资金短缺的困难。
（四）人才风险
天富集团虽然具有不少的电力运行人才及经营管理人才，但缺乏电力建设专业技术人才，项目建设工程技术人员相对薄弱，人员技术水平参差不齐，工程技术监督、管理水平亟待提高。天富集团项目建设面临严峻的人才风险。
天富集团的电力运行人才流失严重。近年来，天富集团每年招收大量大中专毕业生充实到生产一线，但生产一线的成熟技术人才尤其是技术骨干流失严重。这就造成了企业成熟技术人才短缺，容易形成人才断层，新建电源项目无人可用，人才培养体系难以为继。
三、天富集团风险规避对策分析
(a) to improve grid level, improve the power grid load capacity
为满足八师石河子市不断增长的电力需求，天富集团新建的电源项目将陆续投产，石河子公共电网规划新增110kV变电站8座，新增主变13台，新增容量631.5MVA；改扩建110kV变电站10座，新增主变8台，新增容量394MVA；新建110kV线路47条，总长度277km，改造110kV线路1条，长度12km。这些变电站将有效提升垦区电网等级，缓解供电电压低及负载能力不足的问题。
For the power to meet the needs of eight division Shihezi city growing, Tianfu group of new power projects will be put into operation, the Shihezi public power grid planning new 110kV substation 8, the new 13 main transformer, the new capacity expansion of 631.5MVA; 110kV substation 10, the new 8 main transformer, new capacity 394MVA; the new 110kV line 47 A total length of 277km, 110kV, transformation of 1 lines, the length of 12km. These substations will effectively improve the reclamation area power grid level, alleviate low supply voltage and load capacity problem.
天富集团还将加强与自治区大电网的联网工作，充分考虑自治区750KV电网对公司电力外送的有力因素，依托自治区220KV主电网，优化110KV电网结构、整合垦区的电力资源，淡化行政界限，强化区域经济观念，发展兵地融合经济，通过政策协调，使天富电网富余电力通过自治区主电网参与全疆电力供需平衡。
Tin Fu Group will also strengthen cooperation with large power grid autonomous region network, fully considering the effective factors on the company autonomous region 750KV power grid power transmission, relying on the autonomous region 220KV main power grid, power grid structure, optimize 110KV resource integration reclamation, dilute the administrative boundaries, strengthening regional economic development concept, inosculate economy, through policy coordination, the day the rich power surplus power through the main power grid in Xinjiang autonomous region electric power supply and demand balance.
（二）多渠道解决煤炭短缺和运输困难
(two) multiple channels to solve the shortage of coal and transportation difficulties
为解决煤炭资源短缺问题，除对自身煤矿进行改建、扩建之外，天富集团还积极与准东煤田煤矿合作，目前已签订合作合同的煤矿有三家，储量都在25亿吨以上，到2012年规划产量全部超过1000万吨，足以保障天富电煤供应。
In order to solve the problem of shortage of coal resources, in addition to the reconstruction, expansion of its coal, Tin Fu Group is also actively with the quasi east coalfield coal cooperation, has signed a cooperation contract coal mine three, reserves are 25 tons, to 2012 planning production of more than 10000000 tons, sufficient to protect the Tianfu coal supply.
天富集团还将从多方面入手，解决煤炭运输困难：1、尽快立项、开工建设南北铁路专用线，与准东煤田有铁路专用线的煤矿实现点对点运输，也可购买自备车皮以增加铁路运量；2、对于铁路运输无法满足的煤量，可组织公路运输。可将分散的运输企业、个体运输户及企业自有的运输车队联合起来，形成联盟，共享各自的优势资源，保障公路运输；3、与新疆特变电工股份有限公司合作，共同在石河子建设煤炭物流基地，可实现风险共担、优势互补、资源整合，最终可形成完整稳定的煤炭供应链，提高煤炭资源的占有能力，并有效规避了自然灾害、极端恶劣天气对煤炭供应的影响，降低资源风险。
Tin Fu Group also from many aspects, solve coal transportation difficulties: 1, project construction as soon as possible, north-south railway line, point to point transport to achieve a special railway lines and Zhundong coalfield coal mine, also can buy owned wagons to increase rail traffic; 2, the amount of coal for railway transportation can not meet, but organization of highway transportation. The dispersive transport enterprises, individual transport operators and their transport team together, form an alliance, sharing their respective advantages in resources, protection of highway transportation; 3, and Xinjiang Tebian electric Limited by Share Ltd cooperation, common in the construction of Shihezi coal logistics base, to achieve risk sharing, complementary advantages, resource integration, the final form of coal supply chain integrity stability, improve the ability to occupy the coal resources, and effectively avoid the impact of natural disasters, extreme weather conditions on the supply of coal resources, reduce the risk of.
（三）多方筹集项目建设资金，提高资金周转率，解决资金短缺难题
天富集团将拓展融资渠道，解决资金短缺难题。首先是积极做好天富热电解禁的国有股权流通出售工作，确保继续实现好的收益；其次是以天富集团拟建和在建的项目为平台，积极吸引银行贷款，也可和非银行金融机构开展融资租赁业务和信托业务，盘活资产，提高资金使用效率，更可与其他企业合资、合作，共担风险，共享收益；再次是实行严格、有效的财务管理，加强成本管理。要通过节能降耗，防止跑冒滴漏；科学合理调度，实现经济运行；修旧利废，提高设备使用周期；严格按照审批程序、控制招待费等非生产性支出；内部资源整合，提高工作效率，降低时间成本、机会成本等多种方式实现成本的优化管理。
（四）建立合理的人才保障体制，打造学习型企业
Tin Fu Group will be the full implementation of the "talent thriving enterprise" strategy, speeding up the training of technical personnel, sophisticated and high-level management personnel and composite party personnel, for all types of talent development and play a role in providing institutional guarantee. Adhere to the principle of "giving priority to efficiency, giving consideration to fairness" principle, the establishment of enterprise employees normal salary increase mechanism, incentive and restraint mechanisms and improve the wage distribution, arouse the enthusiasm of the staff further, the average wage growth rate of not less than 10%. Establish a standardized work flow, improve work efficiency; clear positioning of each class of employees, the company's employee responsibilities, accountability, relaxation and orderly. Improve the company's executive force, do the work. The establishment of talent growth and income of scientific and reasonable growth mechanism, mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff, for the different development staff can find suitable for their own development path.
（五）打造以人为本的业务协同化服务平台
(five) to build people-oriented business collaboration service platform
天富集团为应对业务扩张带来的服务需求，设立了专门的客户服务中心，运用“95598”客户服务热线，7×24小时为热、电、燃气及其他各类客户提供咨询及业务处理服务。
Tianfu group has to deal with the business expansion needs, set up special customer service center, the use of "95598" customer service hotline, 7 x 24 hours for the heat, electricity, gas and other types of customers to provide consulting and business process services.
作为天富的营销服务窗口，客户服务中心将供电、供热、燃气等综合业务纳入到统一的服务平台，实现协同应用与业务的关联，避免了因为内部管理的信息化变革而对企业赖以生存的既有业务模型造成干扰，防止业务与内部管控可能出现断裂，确保企业运作和服务的有效衔接及企业的高效运营。同时客户服务中心加快客企沟通平台“95598”信息化建设，通过增加指标管理，细化流程环节，实施质量监控，提高“95598”的运营效率和客户事故处理效率，建成优质的信息沟通平台。
As the day of the rich marketing service window, customer service center will power supply, heating, gas and other comprehensive business into a unified service platform, realize the relevance of collaborative applications and services, to avoid because of the internal management of the information revolution and the survival of the enterprise business model not only cause interference, prevent the business and internal control possible fracture to ensure efficient operation, effective connection and operation of enterprises and service enterprises. At the same time, the customer service center of customer and enterprise communication platform to speed up the "95598" information construction, by increasing the index management, refining process, the implementation of quality monitoring, "95598" to improve the operational efficiency and customer accident treatment efficiency, built quality information and communication platform.