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Keywords Chinese textbook reform of Chinese nature of instrumental.
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A good language teaching is the guarantee of Chinese teaching the success of the premise, is the language and cultural quality of the Chinese nation culture basic vector and inheritance. From the history and study of the future of the Chinese nation is highly responsible for the angle, the reform of language teaching material compilation of is clearly of great significance. So, how should we conduct current Chinese textbook reform and innovation prepared? In this paper, the present language teaching material compilation of some rational thinking.
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One, the compilation of the Chinese teaching material as the country and the nation's greatest "public interest".
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Since the Ministry of education to introduce competition mechanism, encourage all have the conditions and the ability to place can Chinese textbook compiling Chinese textbooks since, China immediately All flowers bloom together., emerged dozens of versions of Chinese textbooks. After the experimental teaching scale, to the teaching of Chinese criticism has not weakened, but is more and more intense, even some materials subjected to harsh criticism of the society and criticism. The preparation of controversy about the Chinese teaching material, has become a hot topic of academic and social concern. In many of the language teaching question sound, for some editors in the economic benefits of ignoring the law of Chinese teaching, act of one's own free will, regardless of and practice respectively studiessection teaching basic and overall coordination, also carried out a sharp criticism. As everyone knows, the mother tongue education is related to the major cause of national future and national culture character, is our most noble "public interest". Everyone in this requires the participation of textbooks, they must have a sense of the sacred lofty sense of morality, sense of responsibility and the education of ethnic chinese.
In contrast, the Chinese version with increased, economic interests, academic disputes is becoming increasingly fierce, the few editors forget ethnic and national interests, to forget their own historical mission, and to truly from an academic perspective. For example, high, compiling Chinese textbook of junior high school, although they are in the same city are writing a. Professor Wang led the series of "high school", "junior high school and Professor Tao LED series", the two men did not have the basic academic exchanges and conferences the compilation of Chinese textbook, but the local junior high school, senior high school Chinese teaching coherence blunt truncation. The preparation of such materials, problems are inevitable, but also create chaos written language teaching in a certain degree.
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Ye Shengtao, Xia Mian Zun as the compilation of Chinese textbook "master", the character style should be language experts reflection. Although the history of development of the times, different context, reform the content of teaching materials prepared, but they are rigorous and serious, be strict in one's demands on national and offspring, high sense of responsibility and respect always worth learning. In the language teaching material compilation process, adhere to this noble Chinese moral spirit, will be unremitting our forward momentum. This is also the current us to read "," Chinese "Wenxin hundred class" and other classic, where still be passionately devoted.
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The preparation of two, Chinese textbook needs to insist on Chinese characteristics and Chinese rational spirit.
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What is language? Language is the essence of language and culture to the native language learning and inheritance. Language teaching is different from any other liberal arts teaching, although there is human nature, but the language tool is the most important feature of all its characteristics. On the word, words, grammar, language phenomenon, language and writing to learn, is Chinese basic performance. Adhere to the Chinese as a tool, is to adhere to the rational spirit of chinese. This tool is a scientific, logical thinking, independent and, instead, and the spirit of moral metaphysics. Long term since, some Chinese textbook writers, always claim to moral home, home, home literature enlightenment and spiritual mentor, the compiling Chinese textbook content occupies core position in the textbook is "preaching humanism spirit and action", and the lack of a simple, true, Chinese own tools spirit. They put the Chinese own instrumental stigmatized as "technical doctrine" vulgar, but under the banner of "humanistic spirit" and "meaning of life", "individualism" slogan, advocate "in the teaching of Chinese entertainment doctrine", "performance doctrine" way of teaching, let the language of teaching materials more and more from the Chinese, and more and more the more close to the who can say clearly "philosophy of life" and "humanistic spirit".
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Now, some editors also generally stressed the teaching material of Chinese aesthetic education, in fact if the basic education curriculum into Chinese to appreciation and aesthetic as the most important features of the teaching of literature, is deviated from the language own trajectory. Chinese textbooks into history, geography, psychology, pedagogy, political science course of supplementary materials, it is essential to leave Chinese textbooks. Chinese class is not a general ethical theory of language courses, knowledge class, but the development of speech ability of the students practice class, is the application of class teachers in language theory to guide the students language practice. Language as a tool of social communication is the most important, the teaching of reading and writing must be of practical writings.
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Unfortunately, Chinese class is more and more impetuous in today's Internet era, sex, knowledge tools Chinese didn't reach the ideal teaching goal. According to reports, a southern province college entrance examination language question, has a "12 questions to write a paragraph" reading material. Test down a few years, student achievement is not ideal. As a result, a decline in the student the language application ability has become an indisputable fact. Investigate its reason, the use of all in the teaching content and teaching method although each are not identical, but without exception, the teaching goal setting in the text embodies the "humanity", philosophical author thought in teaching emphasizes more than words, pay attention to the performance of power obviously insufficient. This is a compilation of Chinese textbook and Chinese teaching of language deviation in itself, is a representation of the humanistic thought instead of the true language of rational use. Therefore, we must emphasize on the language teaching material compilation, must pay attention to the nature of instrumental language.
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The preparation of three, Chinese textbooks need to learn from the experience and methods of foreign language writing.
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Although different language, different nationalities, different cultures have different Chinese education characteristic and individuality, but Chinese (mother tongue language teaching method in the law of thinking skills), to the small and medium-sized law of psychological activities, and grasp the language, there are many is connected. The preparation of China Chinese textbooks, the role of education for many years to pay too much attention to the utilitarian doctrine. Although it has broken the "pep" rule all the land pattern, instilling but Chinese thinking still is a mold casting out "Chinese characteristic" Chinese domestication thought, Chinese curriculum into other courses extended curriculum. China compilation of Chinese textbook in the preparation of thinking and writing principle, should learn USA writing experience, discard the false preach superficial, emphasize language vocabulary teaching contents, reading, writing, literature, closely combined with the emphasis on reading and language training; pay attention to the cultivation of intuition, pay attention to the observation ability, pay attention to positive thinking attitude and rigorous logic the habit of thinking, pay attention to students' critical thinking in Chinese teaching contents. Only the Chinese teaching connotation and personalized combination, then, Chinese Chinese education is likely to return to the "language" teaching. For example, the composition teaching reform and domestic writing teaching American widespread attention to writing skills training is different, emphasizes the writing thinking training, especially the training of critical thinking. America teachers think, "critical thinking" is not specifically refer to people, carping criticism, simple linear thinking is not agree or disagree, but the independent consciousness, innovation consciousness, responsibility consciousness, pursuit of value. Require students to master the full argument based on the analysis, judgement and inference, the conclusion or judgment to objective and fair. The western language teaching material compilation pays much attention to the language of logic thinking training, one of the important function to emphasize language is to cultivate students' ability of logical thinking and expression clear. The starting point of logic judgment, is an advanced form of cognition, concept, judgment, inference is, analysis, inductive guarantee. In the language teaching material compilation, through the analysis of the logic of language and the semantic generalization, grasp and variation rule of words, to improve students' ability to grasp the use of logic. In the West and America Chinese teaching material, no matter what a grade, can see a lot about the natural, social, human, history, biology and other knowledge of the universe, the reading passage, which can not only improve the students' interest in learning, to meet the desire of all kinds of knowledge, but also train the students to the rational, scientific judgment logical ability. Chinese teaching junior high school Chinese teaching material has selected the famous bridge expert Mao Yisheng "Chinese stone arch bridge", "meteorologist Zhu Kezhen's march to the desert," "mathematician Hua Luogeng PERT method" and so on, are very good models of famous, has a certain role in cultivating the students' logical thinking.
Four, the compilation of the Chinese teaching material reform and innovation theory to guide practice.
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At present various Chinese textbook "experience type" mostly, have big quality leap, the main reason is the Chinese conservative ideas, lack of innovation, lack of reference and guidance, decide the quality of textbooks is "teaching theory" rather than "curriculum standard".
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Teaching theory influence and decide the curriculum standard, the curriculum standard compilation affect and decide the teaching materials. The development and innovation of teaching theory in the former, the development of curriculum standard and textbook writing in the post. In the process of exploring the Chinese textbooks and teaching, in the construction of a hundred years of Chinese teaching theory, both the heuristic teaching, independent study or research study, the key is Chinese Chinese teaching to cultivate the students language ability in a large extent, namely the students' reading ability, writing ability, verbal ability and literature language application ability, these capabilities on student life and have a significant positive role. We always put "teaching innovation" and "teaching innovation", in the end should be what theory as the guide to innovation? This paper thinks, China compiling Chinese teaching material and Chinese teaching reform, must carry on the multiple efforts in theory.
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Modern Chinese teaching before the founding of new China, basically pays more attention to the mutual fusion of Chinese instrumental and humanism thinking, pay attention to the language learning and Chinese traditional culture spirit. Today, Hongkong, Taiwan and Singapore Chinese region, their Chinese language teaching thinking, still follow is worn before the founding of new China, Chinese textbooks. Although part of extracurricular change, but some of the text into Chinese textbooks for decades has not changed, no matter classical poetry or modern literature, is thoroughly tempered ethnic Chinese classic essays. They on the Chinese classic, language, thinking of humanism and practical and utilization, are worthy of mainland Chinese teaching circles for reference, thinking. Mainland Chinese textbooks has been accused of not suitable for modern Chinese education text more, does not mean that the traditional humanities classics and ancient Chinese more content, it is precisely some vulgar sociology and political science articles more, not only enhance the ability of language expression is bad for students, but also teach the students the hypocrisy and lying.
Moral China language education theories must be out of the vulgar and social tool theory circle. After the founding of new China, the basic Chinese teaching slide into a political tool theory, learning language is learning political discourse, language itself instead of a political education accessories. On institutional and political ideology to write to the Chinese teaching material, ignoring the personality of Chinese education completely. Reform and opening up has been more than thirty years, the value function but vulgar language teaching material, moral political perspective is still shackled language, humanistic significance of bound of chinese. From primary school to high school, and the political, moral and false "false lofty", "pseudo classics" related articles, there are still dozens of articles. Professor, Department of Chinese, scholars have written articles lashed out at these full of modern hypocritical moralizing articles. The China language education theory must accept the baptism of the modern linguistics. After the reform and opening up, educational theory results emerge in endlessly, broke the Soviet Chinese pattern theory, especially the western modern education value theory be reference and application. In Chinese literary circles of great influence of structural linguistics, behaviorism psychology. Although the language generation theory and functional linguistics theory of Chinese language teaching materials is not shaped, but the new theory of modern language is changing some materials experts thought. For example, the behaviorism psychology attaches great importance to the behavior effects on cognition, feeling, memory, association and intellectual personality, if take the behaviorism psychology guide Chinese teaching, is based on the students' self behavior, to move the mouth of the classroom (reading) repetition demanding, repetition, enhance memory and understanding, teachers do not need full input. Some researchers think that Chinese teaching is to stick to the "one center, two basic points". "One center" namely, language training as the center, to strengthen the use of language. "Two basic points" that foster language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing, book), to enhance the humanities accomplishment. Obviously, Chinese teaching must from "teaching materials" into "teach by teaching"; from "teaching the text" into literary language, the language used in class. The content of the text from the previous analysis of teachers' teaching, turn to the strategy oriented teaching, pay attention to reading, writing, guidance of learning methods, the ultimate goal is to improve the students' reading comprehension ability, language skills and learning ability. The hundred year language, 100 years of exploration, a hundred years of debate. In the time since the founding of new China dispute, research on Chinese language education in our country has three changes. The first is based on the language for the view, represented by Ye Shengtao, Zhang, Lv Shuxiang.
The second is literature view, represented by Wang Li, Qian Liqun, Wang Furen etc.. The third is the curriculum theory as the perspective, represented by Wang Rongsheng etc.. Third steering, the multiple selection of Chinese curriculum patterns gradually become a reality, the teaching materials will show a "diversification" pattern. However, in the "false level diversification" prosperity, there is more of the language teaching in Chinese teaching confused and puzzled, Chinese language of teaching materials in the end how to change? The expert thinks: "to solve the existing problem of Chinese language teaching, improving the Chinese classroom teaching reform, in the final analysis, improvement depends on the curriculum of the Chinese language teaching materials compilation. This requires Chinese teachers need to shift from 'qualification' to 'intelligent' and 'intelligent', with the Chinese education to promote all-round development of students." The experts also think: "education department for the primary school language textbook compilation in idea, system can do some bold attempt, for example, as long as the Ministry of education of Chinese curriculum standard, Chinese textbook can fully liberalized market, at the same time the choice of teaching material to the school, teachers hands, let primary school language teaching materials through the market competition, the survival of the fittest." And no matter how many opinions, many kinds of programs, in the era of the impetuous and noisy, the language teaching material compilation needs precipitation, the language teaching material compilation should not become some people enrich one's family tool, but a kind of national and public interests of the historical mission, need more reason spirit, the spirit of responsibility and the national spirit. The compilation of the Chinese teaching material need is real to return to the essence of language, with the developed countries in Europe and America national language teaching material compilation for reference, to a modern, open, democratic, rational and scientific Chinese spirit up.
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Notes:
????? ???????????????????????????????2010 ? 7 ? 28 ??
Yang Liancheng: "we need what kind of Chinese education, the teacher's orientation where", "Guangming Daily", July 28, 2010.
????? ??????????????????????????????2005 ?? 9 ??
The Wang Aidi: "from the 'Necklace' teaching of Chinese language education American pursuit of value", "modern Chinese", 2005 ninth.
????? ??????????????????????????2011 ?? 4 ??
The Huang Qiuyue: "the primary school Chinese textbook critical response", "Shanghai education scientific research", 2011 fourth.
?????? ??????? ????????????????????????2010 ? 12 ? 30 ??
The Sun Xiaofei: "the NTNU Professor: Chinese education should say goodbye" and the text content of primary and secondary schools, "Oriental", December 30, 2010.
???? ?????? ????????????????????2010 ?? 23 ?
The Shen Chong: "private consultation: primary school Chinese textbook why repeatedly criticized", "banyuetan", 2010 twenty-third