??????????????????????????????????????????1997???????????????????????????????25???????2004????211 885?11?12????????????????????????????????50%????1996?????????4??
Australian high school occupation education training including high school provides education and occupation in the senior high school as the standard new apprenticeship. Since 1997, the number of occupation education and training high school in Australia nationwide average annual growth rate of 25%. In 2004 the national 211885 11, 12 year high school students attended the high school provides education and training of occupation, accounting for all the high school student number of about 50%, is 4 times the number in 1996 to participate in the training.
1?????
1 the government support
?20??90?????????????????????????????????????????????
From twentieth Century since the mid 90's, the Australian government has attached great importance to occupation education training school, took a series of measures to support the occupation education training school
(1)????? ???????????????????2003???????????1996?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(1) the legal support except "Education Law" and "beyond the occupation training security law" in 2003, the Australian government agreed to amend the 1996 developed the "Workplace Relations Act", to reduce the enterprise and the high school produces conflict and contradiction to occupation education training standard, "workplace relations law" revision will be more high school students with an occupation education and training opportunities.
(2)???????? ????????????????????????????2003?????5?????????24???????????7 200?11?12?????????????????????????????????????2006??????2008??24??????????
(2) the establishment of Career Technical College in order to allow more students to accept the education and training of organic whole occupation, the Australian government decided in 2003 to the next 5 years to establish 24 Career Technical College in the national scope, each year in high school as the standard to provide new apprenticeship opportunities for 7200 to 11, the students of grade 12. The first technical institute in new will be opened in 2006 2008, 24 colleges are put into use.
(3)?????? 2005?6?3??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(3) the establishment of a national institution in June 3, 2005, the Australian government advisory committee agreed to set up a national institution, the occupation education system focuses on the occupation education training for high school students to participate in, and solve the occupation education and training of the difficulties and obstacles.
(4)?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????2005??????450????????????50??????????????????????2000???????
(4) the implementation of scholarship system in order to encourage students to participate in the occupation education training school, to increase their enthusiasm to participate in the occupation education training school for the first time in 2005, the Australian government decided to 450 to participate in the high occupation education courses and 50 participated in high school as the standard New Apprenticeship students each year to provide a $2000 scholarship.
?1997??????????????????????????2005???????????2006? 6??2008?9???????101????????????????????????????????????????????????2005?6?????7000??????????????????? 2 590???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2130????400????????????????????????????????????????2000???????????????????2006?????????????4000????
Since 1997, Australia began to increase on the occupation education training school funds. In 2005, the Australian government decided that from 2006 June to 2008 September investment of about $10100000000 to support and expand the school occupation education and training, including standard new apprenticeship to senior high school. In addition, the government will cooperate with training institutions, from 2005 to June each year for 7000 to provide high standard New Apprenticeship schools offer of $25900000, fully reflects the government's Senior occupation education support. Along with the education system and the occupation education school training funds investment increase, the Australian government also provides special funds to provide occupation education training school and school technology center, each year are $21300000 and $4000000, to improve school occupation education training equipment. In addition, the Australian National Training Authority each year will also provide $20000000 to support and expand the occupation education training school, in 2006 the fund will be increased to $40000000.
The 2 Curriculum
??2005?????????????????????????????7070??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2004???????48??
As of 2005, the Australian public high school, almost all have opened the occupation education and training courses, more than 7070 of high school students participated in the occupation education and training. In Australia, opened the occupation education curriculum in senior high school must meet the following two conditions: one is the industry, enterprises need such talented people; the two is the professional students interested in. According to the above requirements of the opening of the main occupation education training school the following course: business, secretarial, computer, art, entertainment, sports, engineering and mining, construction, textile and clothing, footwear, health education, community service, sales, the first industry, automobile, communication, science and technology, manufacturing, equipment, food processing, finance and insurance, etc.. The most popular occupation field of tourism and hospitality, commercial and office, computer, accounting for the total number of training in 2004 48%.
3.?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????(?????????????)??????????????????????????????????(??????)??????????????3-5???????????????4??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.???????????
3 strict standards for teachers in Australia, occupation education teachers of different standards and general education. The teacher occupation education should conform to the state provisions of the occupation education teacher standard (achieved certain level occupation qualification certificate), but also accord with the general education teachers qualification requirements. Therefore, each high school in the recruitment of occupation education teachers (including part-time teachers) have strict standards, some such as: 3-5 years of working experience related practice; at least 4 occupation qualification certificate; higher education and have the teacher qualification certificate. In Australia, most of the teachers are from the enterprises employ technical staff have experience or the engineer, as part-time teachers, only a small part of the full-time teachers. The 4 national occupation qualification certificate
????2003???21???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Australia 2003 stipulated in the "twenty-first Century national education goals", in the first grade students accept compulsory education stage to experience the occupation education, high school stage of compulsory education must attend school occupation education and training, the school education and occupation training as part of a high school education, students must obtain a high school diploma by occupation education and training courses in order to.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????VET(??????)????????????????????????2004???211 885?11? 12????????????????????9????????????????????(???????)?65%??????????(?????)?18???????????(?????)?
The Australian National Training Authority also made the relevant provisions, occupation education and training should include the occupation education training for high school students, and as a necessary condition for ordinary high school certificate of education, occupation education training school students through the course, can get the national recognition of the VET within the Australian Qualifications Framework (occupation education training) qualification certificate. According to the Australian National Bureau of Statistics figures show, in 2004 there were 211885 11, 12 grade students participated in the high occupation education curriculum, including 9% students obtain the occupation education and training level three qualification certificate (equivalent to skilled workers), 65% of students gained level two certificate (senior operator), 18% students received a certificate (semi skilled workers).
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Characteristics of two, Australia Senior occupation education
???????????????????????????????????????
After nearly 10 years of development, Senior occupation education training in Australia has made great development, which has the following characteristics:
1????????????
The 1 curriculum practicability, content diversity
??????????????????????????????????????????????
Occupation education in Australia professional and curriculum is the occupation ability standard to industry organizations to develop and the national unified certificate system as the basis.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The school opened by the occupation education curriculum is the enterprise and the school according to the needs of the labor market to develop, so students have received education and training in high school, occupation specific business, students can get from a specific enterprise work experience, learn technical practicability, have priority access to work after graduation opportunity. In addition, high school provides many training class occupation education, such as computer, business and secretarial, tourism and hospitality, manufacturing, construction and so on, students can choose according to their interests and needs.
2 credits and flexible
??????????????????????????????????????TAFE(???????)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????30????????????????70????????TAFE?????????????????????????????????????????TAFE????????????????TAFE?????????????????????????????TAFE?????????3-4?????????????????????????????2???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The Australian occupation education system is quite flexible, have taken in high school students occupation education course credits not only in the TAFE (technical and further education) admitted to continue learning, but in the general university learning also will be recognized, the possibility of high school education and occupation did not deny after learning in academic university. In Australia, about 30% high school students after graduating from University, about 70% students into TAFE to continue learning occupation education or employment. Australian Training Bureau provides students in high school to participate in the occupation education and training the credits to TAFE to continue learning will also be recognized, students after entering TAFE can continue to study the occupation education training in accordance with the original training module, students generally enter TAFE to 3-4 years learning occupation education and training time, while in high school participated in the occupation education training and obtain the certificate students only need 2 years to graduate, so it greatly shortens the training time of students, provides a good opportunity for their employment. This is an important reason why the occupation education training school is becoming more and more popular with the students.
3???????
3 training time flexibly
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????387????????????????????112????11?12???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????8-15???????????????????????????
Australia is a federal country, implement the education decentralization, states require students to participate in the occupation education training school at different times, the island of Tasmania training for the longest time, for 387 hours, the Australian Capital Territory training time, for 112 hours. 11, grade 12 students can also according to their interests and needs in the course of occupation education training school based or in high school based new apprenticeship. Participate in New Apprenticeship students according to their time in the enterprise, working 8-15 hours per week. The holidays can be appropriate to extend the working time according to their own time schedule.
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Three, the education and training of occupation of China
1?????????????????????????????????????
1 in the high school stage opened the occupation education elective courses, to gradually change the ordinary high school education and occupation education disjointed phenomenon
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
In recent years, because of the social transition, the rapid development of the economy, and the demand for technical personnel with junior high school education, not only to provide talents to the University, but also cultivate high school early, intermediate technical talents for the society. But our country now high emphasis on academic education, the main task is to train talents for university high school. Therefore, in setting the occupation education elective High School Senior occupation education, strengthen the contact with the enterprises, gradually change the phenomenon of ordinary high school education and occupation education gap, offering practical occupation course, appropriate to the student's needs. High school education is to train talents for higher education, but also to provide the occupation education course as part of the employment of students.
2???????????????????
2 credit Senior occupation education and vocational colleges exchange system
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
At present, our country studies continue to quite a lot of students after graduation from high school to college, students listen to repair; if the occupation education course credits can be recognized in the university or college in the high school, can greatly improve the students learning enthusiasm occupation education, attract more students to participate in the occupation education and training.
3???????????
3 to implement a unified national qualification certificate
???????????????????????????????????????????????TAFE????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The Australian government must hold the occupation education training certificate to the employment of the skill requirements of all walks of life, even if is a graduate, but also in the first half of TAFE training, occupation training certificate to obtain employment, China still has no unified national occupation qualification certificate, the Department of labor, employment certificate is not the same, students participate in qualification certificate examination is very confused. Therefore, from the Australian Qualifications Framework provides a unified national qualification training, occupation certificate of education, is a good measure to attract more students to participate in the occupation education and training.
4??????????????
4 to establish a number of double type teachers occupation
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
In our country, occupation education teachers are mostly from the University hired, the practice level is not very high, even though some teachers have certain experience, into the school and enterprise contact is not much, the technical level remain stagnant. Therefore, we can gain enlightenment from Australian high school occupation education teacher qualification training, occupation education for teacher's qualification of strict requirements, namely the occupation education teachers received higher education, but also have rich practical experience of enterprise management. To improve the technical level of occupation education for teachers, establish a group of double teacher teachers, also is one of the important measures to promote the development of China's occupation education. This paper provided by the English thesis nets finishing, provide papers, English essay writing, translation, English, students write papers, writing English thesis, dissertation writing related core keyword search.