澳大利亚高中职业教育培训包括为高中提供的职业教育课程以及以高中为本位的新学徒制。自从1997年以来，澳大利亚全国范围内参加高中职业教育培训的人数平均每年以25％的速度增长。2004年全国有211 885名11、12年级的高中学生参加了高中提供的职业教育培训，占所有高中学生人数的50%左右，是1996年参加此培训人数的4倍。
Australian high school occupation education training including high school provides education and occupation in the senior high school as the standard new apprenticeship. Since 1997, the number of occupation education and training high school in Australia nationwide average annual growth rate of 25%. In 2004 the national 211885 11, 12 year high school students attended the high school provides education and training of occupation, accounting for all the high school student number of about 50%, is 4 times the number in 1996 to participate in the training.
1．政府支持
1 the government support
从20世纪90年代中期起，澳大利亚政府一直非常重视高中职业教育培训，采取了一系列措施支持高中职业教育培训
From twentieth Century since the mid 90's, the Australian government has attached great importance to occupation education training school, took a series of measures to support the occupation education training school
(1)法律上支持 除《职业教育法》和《培训保障法》之外，2003年澳大利亚政府同意修改1996年制订的《工作场所关系法》，以减少企业与高中制订职业教育培训标准时产生冲突与矛盾，《工作场所关系法》的修改也将会为更多高中学生提供接受职业教育培训的机会。
(1) the legal support except "Education Law" and "beyond the occupation training security law" in 2003, the Australian government agreed to amend the 1996 developed the "Workplace Relations Act", to reduce the enterprise and the high school produces conflict and contradiction to occupation education training standard, "workplace relations law" revision will be more high school students with an occupation education and training opportunities.
(2)建立职业技术学院 为了让更多的高中学生有机全接受职业教育培训，澳大利亚政府2003年决定未来5年在全国范围内建立24所职业技术学院，每年为7 200名11、12年级的学生提供参加以高中为本位的新学徒制的机会。新建立的第一所技术学院将在2006年开始招生，2008年时24所学院全部投入使用。
(2) the establishment of Career Technical College in order to allow more students to accept the education and training of organic whole occupation, the Australian government decided in 2003 to the next 5 years to establish 24 Career Technical College in the national scope, each year in high school as the standard to provide new apprenticeship opportunities for 7200 to 11, the students of grade 12. The first technical institute in new will be opened in 2006 2008, 24 colleges are put into use.
(3)建立国家机构 2005年6月3日，澳大利亚政府咨询委员会同意建立一个国家机构，通过职业教育体系以关注高中职业教育培训，解决学生参加职业教育培训时遇到的困难和障碍。
(3) the establishment of a national institution in June 3, 2005, the Australian government advisory committee agreed to set up a national institution, the occupation education system focuses on the occupation education training for high school students to participate in, and solve the occupation education and training of the difficulties and obstacles.
(4)实行奖学金制 为了进一步鼓励学生参加高中职业教育培训，提高他们参加高中职业教育培训的积极性，澳大利亚政府2005年首次决定为450名参加高中职业教育课程及50名参加以高中为本位新学徒制的学生每人每年提供2000澳元的奖学金。
(4) the implementation of scholarship system in order to encourage students to participate in the occupation education training school, to increase their enthusiasm to participate in the occupation education training school for the first time in 2005, the Australian government decided to 450 to participate in the high occupation education courses and 50 participated in high school as the standard New Apprenticeship students each year to provide a $2000 scholarship.
从1997年起，澳大利亚开始加大对高中职业教育培训的资金投入。2005年，澳大利亚政府决定从2006年 6月到2008年9月期间投资大约101亿澳元用来支持和扩大学校职业教育培训，包括以高中为本位的新学徒制。另外，政府将与培训机构合作，自2005年6月起每年为7000个提供以高中为本位的新学徒制的学校提供 2 590万澳元，充分体现了政府对高中职业教育的支持。随着对教育系统以及对学校职业教育培训资金投入的增加，澳大利亚政府对提供职业教育培训的学校以及学校的技术中心也提供了专门的经费，每年分别提供2130万澳元和400万澳元，用来改善学校职业教育培训的设备。除此之外，澳大利亚国家培训局每年也将提供2000万澳元用来支持和扩大高中职业教育培训，2006年时这个资金数目将会增加到4000万澳元。
Since 1997, Australia began to increase on the occupation education training school funds. In 2005, the Australian government decided that from 2006 June to 2008 September investment of about $10100000000 to support and expand the school occupation education and training, including standard new apprenticeship to senior high school. In addition, the government will cooperate with training institutions, from 2005 to June each year for 7000 to provide high standard New Apprenticeship schools offer of $25900000, fully reflects the government's Senior occupation education support. Along with the education system and the occupation education school training funds investment increase, the Australian government also provides special funds to provide occupation education training school and school technology center, each year are $21300000 and $4000000, to improve school occupation education training equipment. In addition, the Australian National Training Authority each year will also provide $20000000 to support and expand the occupation education training school, in 2006 the fund will be increased to $40000000.
The 2 Curriculum
截至2005年，几乎所有的澳大利亚公立高中都开设了职业教育与培训课程，7070以上的高中学生参加了职业教育培训。在澳大利亚，高中职业教育课程的开设要符合以下两个条件：一是行业、企业需要此类人才；二是此专业是学生感兴趣的。根据以上要求学校主要开设如下职业教育培训课程：商业、文秘、计算机、艺术、娱乐、体育、工程与矿业、建筑、纺织服装、制鞋、社区服务、健康教育、销售、第一产业、汽车、通讯、科学技术、制造业、设备、食物加工、金融保险等等。最受欢迎的职业领域有旅游与招待、商业与办公、计算机等，占2004年培训总人数的48％。
As of 2005, the Australian public high school, almost all have opened the occupation education and training courses, more than 7070 of high school students participated in the occupation education and training. In Australia, opened the occupation education curriculum in senior high school must meet the following two conditions: one is the industry, enterprises need such talented people; the two is the professional students interested in. According to the above requirements of the opening of the main occupation education training school the following course: business, secretarial, computer, art, entertainment, sports, engineering and mining, construction, textile and clothing, footwear, health education, community service, sales, the first industry, automobile, communication, science and technology, manufacturing, equipment, food processing, finance and insurance, etc.. The most popular occupation field of tourism and hospitality, commercial and office, computer, accounting for the total number of training in 2004 48%.
3.严格师资标准 在澳大利亚，职业教育的师资标准与普通教育不同。职业教育师资既要符合国家规定的职业教育教师的标准(取得一定等级的职业资格证书)，又要符合普通教育教师资格的要求。因此，各个高中在招聘职业教育教师时(包括兼职教师)都有一定的严格标准，例如：有3-5年的相关实践工作经历；至少获得4级职业资格证书；受过高等教育并持有教师资格证书等等。在澳大利亚，大部分教师是从企业中聘请有实践经验的技术人员或者工程师，以兼职教师为主，只有少部分的专职教师。 4.全国统一的职业资格证书
3 strict standards for teachers in Australia, occupation education teachers of different standards and general education. The teacher occupation education should conform to the state provisions of the occupation education teacher standard (achieved certain level occupation qualification certificate), but also accord with the general education teachers qualification requirements. Therefore, each high school in the recruitment of occupation education teachers (including part-time teachers) have strict standards, some such as: 3-5 years of working experience related practice; at least 4 occupation qualification certificate; higher education and have the teacher qualification certificate. In Australia, most of the teachers are from the enterprises employ technical staff have experience or the engineer, as part-time teachers, only a small part of the full-time teachers. The 4 national occupation qualification certificate
澳大利亚2003年在《21世纪国家教育目标》中规定，学生在接受义务教育阶段的每一年级都要体验职业教育，义务教育后的高中阶段必须参加学校的职业教育培训，并且把学校职业教育培训作为高中教育的一部分，学生必须通过职业教育培训课程才能获得普通高中毕业证书。
Australia 2003 stipulated in the "twenty-first Century national education goals", in the first grade students accept compulsory education stage to experience the occupation education, high school stage of compulsory education must attend school occupation education and training, the school education and occupation training as part of a high school education, students must obtain a high school diploma by occupation education and training courses in order to.
澳大利亚国家培训局也做出了相关规定，职业教育培训应该包括高中职业教育培训，并且作为学生获得高中普通教育证书的一个必要条件，学生通过学校职业教育培训课程后，可以在澳大利亚资格框架之内获得国家认可的VET(职业教育培训)资格证书。根据澳大利亚国家统计局统计的数字显示，2004年共有211 885名11、 12年级的学生参加了高中的职业教育课程，其中9％的学生获得了职业教育培训的三级资格证书(相当于熟练工人)，65%的学生获得了二级证书(高级操作员)，18％的学生获得了一级证书(半熟练工人)。
The Australian National Training Authority also made the relevant provisions, occupation education and training should include the occupation education training for high school students, and as a necessary condition for ordinary high school certificate of education, occupation education training school students through the course, can get the national recognition of the VET within the Australian Qualifications Framework (occupation education training) qualification certificate. According to the Australian National Bureau of Statistics figures show, in 2004 there were 211885 11, 12 grade students participated in the high occupation education curriculum, including 9% students obtain the occupation education and training level three qualification certificate (equivalent to skilled workers), 65% of students gained level two certificate (senior operator), 18% students received a certificate (semi skilled workers).
二、澳大利亚高中职业教育的特点
Characteristics of two, Australia Senior occupation education
经过近十几年的发展，澳大利亚的高中职业教育培训取得很大的发展，呈现出以下特点：
After nearly 10 years of development, Senior occupation education training in Australia has made great development, which has the following characteristics:
1．课程实用性强，内容多样
The 1 curriculum practicability, content diversity
澳大利亚职业教育的专业和课程设置是以行业组织制定的职业能力标准和国家统一的证书制度为依据的。
Occupation education in Australia professional and curriculum is the occupation ability standard to industry organizations to develop and the national unified certificate system as the basis.
学校所开设的职业教育课程是企业和学校根据劳动力市场的需求共同制定的，因此学生在高中所接受到的职业教育培训与具体的企业有关，学生从中可以获得具体企业的工作经验，所学到的技术实用性强，毕业后有优先获得工作的机会。另外，高中提供的职业教育培训门类很多，例如计算机、商业与文秘、旅游与招待、机械制造、建筑等等，学生可以根据自己的兴趣和需要来进行选择。
The school opened by the occupation education curriculum is the enterprise and the school according to the needs of the labor market to develop, so students have received education and training in high school, occupation specific business, students can get from a specific enterprise work experience, learn technical practicability, have priority access to work after graduation opportunity. In addition, high school provides many training class occupation education, such as computer, business and secretarial, tourism and hospitality, manufacturing, construction and so on, students can choose according to their interests and needs.
2 credits and flexible
澳大利亚的职业教育体系特别灵活，学生在高中学习的职业教育课程所修的学分不仅在TAFE(技术与继续教育)继续学习时得到承认，而且在普通大学学习时也会得到认可，高中学习职业教育并不否认以后在学术性大学学习的可能性。在澳大利亚，30％左右的高中学生毕业后升入大学，70％左右的学生进入TAFE继续学习职业教育或者就业。澳大利亚培训局规定学生在高中参加职业教育培训所修的学分到TAFE继续学习时也会得到承认，学生进入TAFE后可以按照原来的培训模块继续学习职业教育培训，一般学生进入TAFE学习职业教育培训要3-4年的时间，而在高中参加过职业教育培训并获得证书的学生只需要2年时间就可以毕业，这样就大大缩短了学生的培训时间，为他们就业提供了很好的机会。这是高中职业教育培训受到越来越多学生欢迎的一个重要原因。
The Australian occupation education system is quite flexible, have taken in high school students occupation education course credits not only in the TAFE (technical and further education) admitted to continue learning, but in the general university learning also will be recognized, the possibility of high school education and occupation did not deny after learning in academic university. In Australia, about 30% high school students after graduating from University, about 70% students into TAFE to continue learning occupation education or employment. Australian Training Bureau provides students in high school to participate in the occupation education and training the credits to TAFE to continue learning will also be recognized, students after entering TAFE can continue to study the occupation education training in accordance with the original training module, students generally enter TAFE to 3-4 years learning occupation education and training time, while in high school participated in the occupation education training and obtain the certificate students only need 2 years to graduate, so it greatly shortens the training time of students, provides a good opportunity for their employment. This is an important reason why the occupation education training school is becoming more and more popular with the students.
3．培训时间灵活
3 training time flexibly
澳大利亚是联邦制国家，实行教育分权制，各州要求学生参加高中职业教育培训的时间不同，塔斯马尼亚岛培训时间最长，为387个小时，澳大利亚首都地区培训时间最短，为112个小时。11、12年级的学生也可以根据自己的兴趣和需要参加以学校为本位的职业教育培训课程或者以高中为本位的新学徒制。参加新学徒制的学生可以根据自己的时间安排在企业里，每星期工作8-15个小时。假期时可以根据自己的时间安排适当延长工作时间。
Australia is a federal country, implement the education decentralization, states require students to participate in the occupation education training school at different times, the island of Tasmania training for the longest time, for 387 hours, the Australian Capital Territory training time, for 112 hours. 11, grade 12 students can also according to their interests and needs in the course of occupation education training school based or in high school based new apprenticeship. Participate in New Apprenticeship students according to their time in the enterprise, working 8-15 hours per week. The holidays can be appropriate to extend the working time according to their own time schedule.
三、对我国职业教育培训的启示
Three, the education and training of occupation of China
1．在普通高中阶段开设职业教育选修课，逐渐改变普通高中教育与职业教育脱节现象
1 in the high school stage opened the occupation education elective courses, to gradually change the ordinary high school education and occupation education disjointed phenomenon
近年来由于社会转型，经济的迅速发展，以及对具有初中级技术人才的需求，高中教育不仅要为大学输送人才，还要为社会培养具有高中学历的初、中级技术人才。而我国现在高中偏重学术教育，高中的主要任务是为大学输送人才。因此，在高中开设职业教育选修课，加强高中职业教育与企业的联系，逐渐改变普通高中教育与职业教育脱节的现象，开设实用性职业课程，适合学生的需要。高中阶段教育既要为高等教育输送人才，也要为一部分就业的学生提供职业教育课程。
In recent years, because of the social transition, the rapid development of the economy, and the demand for technical personnel with junior high school education, not only to provide talents to the University, but also cultivate high school early, intermediate technical talents for the society. But our country now high emphasis on academic education, the main task is to train talents for university high school. Therefore, in setting the occupation education elective High School Senior occupation education, strengthen the contact with the enterprises, gradually change the phenomenon of ordinary high school education and occupation education gap, offering practical occupation course, appropriate to the student's needs. High school education is to train talents for higher education, but also to provide the occupation education course as part of the employment of students.
2．实行高中职业教育与高职院校学分互换制
2 credit Senior occupation education and vocational colleges exchange system
目前，我国相当一大部分学生高中毕业后直接升入高等院校，继续深造；如果学生在高中听修职业教育课程的学分能够在大学或者高职院校得到认可，可大大提高学生学习职业教育课程的积极性，吸引更多的学生参加职业教育培训。
At present, our country studies continue to quite a lot of students after graduation from high school to college, students listen to repair; if the occupation education course credits can be recognized in the university or college in the high school, can greatly improve the students learning enthusiasm occupation education, attract more students to participate in the occupation education and training.
3．实行全国统一资格证书
3 to implement a unified national qualification certificate
澳大利亚政府规定对技能要求的各行各业必须持有职业教育培训证书才能就业，即使是研究生毕业，也要在TAFE培训半年，获得职业教育培训证书后才能就业，我国至今仍无全国统一的职业资格证书，劳动部门，就业部门提供的证书不一样，学生参加资格证书考试时也很迷茫。因此，借鉴澳大利亚资格框架体系，提供全国统一职业教育培训资格证书，是吸引更多学生参加职业教育培训的一项好措施。
The Australian government must hold the occupation education training certificate to the employment of the skill requirements of all walks of life, even if is a graduate, but also in the first half of TAFE training, occupation training certificate to obtain employment, China still has no unified national occupation qualification certificate, the Department of labor, employment certificate is not the same, students participate in qualification certificate examination is very confused. Therefore, from the Australian Qualifications Framework provides a unified national qualification training, occupation certificate of education, is a good measure to attract more students to participate in the occupation education and training.
4．建立一批双师型职业教师队伍
4 to establish a number of double type teachers occupation
在我国，职业教育的师资大部分都是从大学聘请的，实践水平并不是很高，即使有些教师有一定的实践经验，进入学校后与企业联系不多，技术水平停滞不前。因此，我们可以从澳大利亚高中职业教育的师资资格培训中获得启示，对职业教育教师的师资资格进行严格的要求，即职业教育的教师既接受过普通高等教育，也具备丰富的企业实践经验。提高职业教育教师的技术水平，建立一批双师型的师资队伍，也是促使是我国职业教育发展的一个重要措施。 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。
In our country, occupation education teachers are mostly from the University hired, the practice level is not very high, even though some teachers have certain experience, into the school and enterprise contact is not much, the technical level remain stagnant. Therefore, we can gain enlightenment from Australian high school occupation education teacher qualification training, occupation education for teacher's qualification of strict requirements, namely the occupation education teachers received higher education, but also have rich practical experience of enterprise management. To improve the technical level of occupation education for teachers, establish a group of double teacher teachers, also is one of the important measures to promote the development of China's occupation education. This paper provided by the English thesis nets finishing, provide papers, English essay writing, translation, English, students write papers, writing English thesis, dissertation writing related core keyword search.