1、 Overview of theories related to the profitability of Listed Enterprises
（1） The concept of profitability of Listed Enterprises
The comprehensive profit level of listed enterprises is an important assessment standard for the development of listed enterprises. Through the integration of all data, we can judge the current development and future development expectations of listed enterprises, and adjust the business strategy accordingly.
（2） Characteristics of profitability of Listed Enterprises
1. stability of the total amount of profits of Listed Enterprises
Due to the different scale and historical development of listed enterprises, as well as the different development modes under different systems, the long-term development status and profit level of listed enterprises are greatly different. Large state-owned listed enterprises or listed enterprises pay more taxes to the state, while small listed enterprises or small and medium-sized listed enterprises pay less taxes to the state. This proves that the total assets of a listed enterprise objectively determine the profitability.
2. stability of long-term profits of Listed Enterprises
Another decisive factor for the long-term development of a listed enterprise is that the listed enterprise has long-term stability, and the listed enterprise with long-term profitability will have better benefits. This is also the cornerstone of the sustainable development of the listed enterprise, and also the activity force for the sustainable development of the listed enterprise, because the long-term profitability ensures the continuous and continuous operation of the cash flow of the listed enterprise. Another decisive factor for the long-term development of listed enterprises is that listed enterprises have long-term stability, and listed enterprises with long-term profitability will have better benefits.
（3） The influence of listed enterprises' profitability on Listed Enterprises
The most fundamental purpose of the long-term development of listed enterprises is to achieve the combination of long-term development and the improvement of profitability, and to improve the long-term competitiveness and share of listed enterprises. The profitability of a listed enterprise is not only related to the fate of the listed enterprise, but also related to the investment aspirations of investors. Whether it protects the interests of creditors plays a key prerequisite for whether it can expand its business scale, attract more potential investors and raise new sources of funds.
2、 Problems in profitability analysis of Listed Enterprises
（1） Methods of analyzing the profitability of Listed Enterprises
The main methods of analyzing the profitability of listed enterprises are: the analysis of profit stability and profit persistence.
The profit stability of listed enterprises is mainly supported by the analysis of the income level and the proportion of profits in the income. If the profit level of listed enterprises continues to improve in the long-term development, it shows that the development prospect of listed enterprises is good and the sustainability of profit level is strong.
（2） Limitations of profitability analysis
1. defects of financial index system
There are too many political problems in the assessment. At present, the categories set up in some financial indicators are only to meet the book needs and the macro needs of the government, and do not help the development of listed enterprises and their future expectations; The data has certain one sidedness and shallowness. Due to the maintenance of the image of listed enterprises, the need to meet the inspection of all parties, and the protection of trade secrets, the data published by listed enterprises have certain one sidedness, and various values may have certain deviation.
2. defects of the current income statement in reflecting the financial performance of Listed Enterprises
With the improvement of the degree of economic marketization, price fluctuations have become an inevitable phenomenon in the process of economic development in various countries. Financial assets and financial liabilities with strong price volatility have emerged, changing the concept that the value of traditional assets is determined by the social necessary labor time, so the value is relatively stable. Therefore, we must improve and perfect the current financial analysis indicators, so as to better and truly analyze the operating conditions of listed enterprises.
（3） Problems in the profitability of Listed Enterprises
1. from the single aspect of the listed enterprise's ability - sales, investigate the listed enterprise's ability
The process of providing necessary goods to customers, meeting their needs, and receiving corresponding remuneration from customers is called sales. In order to meet the needs of consumers and stand out among many suppliers, the opportunity to win is the special benefits that commodities can provide.
2. ignoring the policy environment - the impact of Taxation on the profits of Listed Enterprises
As the national policies play a guiding role in the development of listed enterprises, it is very important for the development and survival of listed enterprises. In line with the national development expectations, listed enterprises can enjoy the preferential policies of many countries, reduce some expenditures and improve the profitability of listed enterprises. The analysis of the current development and future expectations of listed enterprises is inseparable from the analysis of national macro policies. The national policy is an external factor for the development of listed enterprises, which is easy to be ignored by analysts.
3. ignoring the effect of capital structure on the profitability of Listed Enterprises
The capital structure of listed enterprises mainly includes long-term liabilities and short-term liabilities. Different liabilities have a great decisive effect on the future development expectations and profitability of listed enterprises. Many analysts set it in opposition, completely ignoring the impact of capital structure on the profitability of listed companies. Only through the income from the current account can the listed enterprises develop steadily and steadily for a long time, which is the profit model most in line with the development expectations of the listed enterprises.
3、 Countermeasures for improving the profitability of Listed Enterprises
（1） Listed enterprises should strengthen financial management
1. formulation and improvement of financial management system and formulation of standard workflow
Formulate reasonable codes of conduct and standardize the daily behaviors of employees of listed enterprises. The purpose of financial management system is to promote the economic benefits of the state or listed enterprises.
2. improve team capacity building
As the listed enterprise is a group, it not only needs strong working ability for individuals, but also needs to adapt to the team, cooperate with each other and help together; The original intention of the team is to cooperate with each other and work together. Only when all people work together to achieve one goal, cooperate, communicate and solve problems in a timely manner, can we give full play to the collective advantages and maximize the strength of the team.
3. complete financial budget and final accounts
The financial management departments of listed enterprises need to timely analyze the problems existing in the actual production, timely negotiate and communicate with relevant individuals and departments, improve production management methods, and solve problems through more efficient measures to ensure the smooth production of listed enterprises.
（2） Listed enterprises should pay attention to the effect of tax on the profits of Listed Enterprises
Tax is a form in which the state collects free property from economic units and individuals in accordance with the law, mainly including value-added tax, business tax, consumption tax, etc. it also refers to the proportion between the amount of tax payable by listed enterprises and the total income of listed enterprises. There are also transportation costs, time costs and communication costs with tax authorities when paying taxes, which can be counted as tax costs and are tax burdens for listed enterprises. Therefore, the tax burden has a very important impact on the long-term development and profitability of listed enterprises.
（3） Further improve the capital structure of Listed Enterprises
At present, the capital market of China's listed enterprises is imperfect, and shareholders and creditors directly lack a variety of choices. Therefore, we should standardize China's capital market and use various policy means to create a good financing environment for listed enterprises. Profits are linked to costs, expenses and various taxes. Therefore, in order to improve the long-term profits of listed enterprises, we must try our best to reduce costs and expenses.