阅读文学作品包含理解和鉴赏两个层次,理解是指搞懂文学作品的词义、句义、全文大义,鉴赏是指鉴别和欣赏文学作品的语言、写作手法、篇章结构,还要鉴别和欣赏它的思想感情和主题的意义,并能对文章作恰当的评价。培养学生的文学鉴赏能力是一个日积月累的过程,不仅需要老师在教学过程中的引导,还需要学生的配合。本文就要从下面几方面对语文教学中文学作品的鉴赏能力的培养进行分析。
Reading literary works contains two levels of understanding and appreciation, understanding refers to understand the meaning of literary works, the meaning of a sentence, the full text of the righteous cause, appreciation refers to identify and appreciate the language of literary works, writing style, text structure, but also identify and appreciate its thoughts and feelings and topics significance, and can make the appropriate evaluation of the the article. To cultivate students' ability of literature appreciation is a days and months multiplying process, not only need the teacher to guide in the teaching process, also need the students with the. This paper analyzes culture will learn works on Chinese teaching from the following aspects Chinese appreciation ability.
1 读懂文章,训练语感,增强对文章的理解力
1 read the article, training of language sense, to enhance the understanding of the article stress
对文学作品的鉴赏的第一步就是要对文学语言有感受力。每一篇文学作品都是由字、词、句、段落组成的,能将文章中的字、词、句读懂是鉴赏文学作品最基本的要求。而在课本中选编了大量的文言文与白话文,而学生对于作品理解上难免会有困难。因此,在阅读文学作品时还需要老师对一些困难的词句进行指导。特别是对于文言文,很多的字和现在的汉语有不同的意思,而且有的词还有多种词义和用法。在这方面,老师在讲解的时候就要对词句分析透彻,找出一些规律,或者是增加一些趣味性的教学,让学生有更深刻的印象。学生只有将文章中的字、词、句的意思掌握精确,才能运用的熟练,从而进一步加深理解。
The first step in appreciation of literary works is to have sense of literary language. Every piece of literature is composed of word, word, sentence, paragraph, the article can in word, word, sentence read is the most basic requirement of literature works appreciation. But in the textbooks selected writings in classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese in large numbers, while the students for the works inevitably have difficulty understanding. Therefore, in reading literary works also need the teacher to some difficult words to guide. Especially for the writings in classical style, many words and now the Chinese have different meanings, and some words have multiple meanings and usage. In this regard, the teacher will be on the words in explanation of the thorough analysis, find out some rules, or add some interesting teaching, let the students have a more profound impression. Only students who will be in the article word, word, sentence mastery accurate, skilled to use, so as to further deepen understanding.
除了读懂文章之外,朗读训练也是语文教学中重要的组成部分。学生在阅读文学作品时,脑海中会浮现出自己所阅读的文章所描述的情景,这样,就会使得文学作品变得鲜活、立体。多次对文章进行朗读就能更多的去感受作者文章中所描述的意境,从而也能加深对作品思想感情的体会。这样,反复的进行阅读训练,不仅能提高语言感受力,还会因为更能体会作者的思想感情而加强对文章的理解,从而慢慢的提高鉴赏能力。
In addition to read aloud outside, an important part of training is also in Chinese language teaching. The students in the reading of literary works, mind will emerge out of their reading articles have described the scene, so, will make the literary works become fresh, stereo. Many of the articles can be read more to feel the author in the article described the conception, which also can deepen understanding of the work of thoughts and feelings. Thus, repeated training of reading, not only can improve the language feeling ability, but also because they could better understand the author's thoughts and feelings and strengthen the understanding of the article, to slowly improve the ability to appreciate.
However, reading the article also cannot careless to read, when reading the text, not only accurate, clear voice statement, but also to do with. Only read read the article emotion, can deepen the understanding of the article. Because, in reading a article emotions must be on the words were figured out. But come very naturally in figure in the process will understand the article more into a layer.
朗读与理解文章是培养文学作品的鉴赏能力的最基本得一步,而要进一步提高学生对文学作品的鉴赏能力还需要对文学知识和其他领域的知识不断的拓宽。
Read and understand the literary works appreciation is to cultivate the ability of the most basic step, and to further improve the students' works in literary appreciation ability also need the knowledge of literature and other fields of knowledge to continue to expand.
2 学习文学作品知识
2 learning literature knowledge
文学作品的鉴赏除了需要对文章进行阅读之外,还需要掌握文学作品中必须要掌握的基本知识。因为在鉴赏文学作品时还包括对主题、材料、语言、等进行鉴赏。在这方面老师可以开展一些活动,将课本上的知识深入生活中,让学生去亲身体验和感受生活,激发学生的学习兴趣性。另外,还可以计划一些系统的学习计划和训练,通过学习与训练让学生对文学知识有比较深刻的印象,才能将那些知识记住并进行运用。
Appreciation of literary works in addition to the reading of the article, also need to master the basic knowledge of literary works must master the. Because of the appreciation of literary works also include the appreciation of theme, material, language, etc.. In this respect the teachers can carry out some activities, the textbook knowledge into life, let the students to experience and experience life, learning and arouse the interest of the students. In addition, study plan and training can also plan some system, by learning and training so that students have a profound impression on the knowledge of literature, will those who remember and use knowledge.
学生除了要掌握老师在课堂上所教授的文学知识外,还要自己在课后积累其他的知识。只有多积累知识和材料,才能提高感悟能力、文字表达能力等一些其他的能力。要做到这些可以再课后去扩展阅读量,阅读量增大也能对文学作品的感悟力加强。
Students should not only master the teacher taught in the classroom knowledge of literature, but also their own after class the other knowledge accumulation. Only the accumulation of knowledge and material, in order to improve the comprehension ability, the written expression ability and some other ability. To do this you can after class to expand the amount of reading, reading quantity increases can also strengthen the literature comprehension.
3 了解文学作品的作者与创作背景
The author and the creation background of 3 understanding of literary works
对文学作品的作者的了解应该算是积累文学知识的一部分,因为在学习文学作品时必须要掌握一些着名作者的基本情况,那样在要对这些作者的其他文章进行鉴赏时才能更容易理解他的文章。但是,在对一篇文章进行鉴赏之前,除了要了解作者的基本情况之外,还要对作者当时的思想和心境进行了解,那样才能更容易了解文章的思想感情。
On the literary works of the author's knowledge should be considered as a part of the accumulation of knowledge of literature, because the basic situation in the study of literary works must master some of the famous author, as in other articles on these authors appreciation can more easily understand his article. However, before the appreciation of an article, in addition to understand the basic situation of the author, but also to understand the author thought and mood at that time, so that they can more easily understand the thoughts and feelings of the article.
文学作品是现实社会生活在作者头脑中反映的产物,是作者用来表达对现实社会生活的意见态度。因此,不同时代的文学作品具有不同的风貌;同一时代、不同作者的作品也具有不同的思想与情调;而同一个作者也会因为时代和社会的变迁,其文学作品也会有不同的感情。所以,在鉴赏文学作品之前,了解作者的写作背景是必备的功课。
Literature is a product of the reality of social life in the author mind reflect, is the author of the realistic social life to express opinion attitude. Therefore, different times of literary works with different style; the same time, the works of different authors also have different thought and sentiment; and the same author will also because of changes of the times and society, the literary works will have different feelings. So, before the appreciation of literary works, to understand the author's writing background is essential homework.
4 学习鉴赏文学作品的鉴赏方法
Method of appreciation 4 learn to appreciate literary works
4.1 着眼整体,鉴赏局部
4.1 focus on the whole, the appreciation of the local
作者在创作文学作品时,都是先确定其中心,从整体出发写作局部,以各个局部构成完整地作品。作品的某一个局部既有它独特的感情,又和其他局部相联系,共同表达主题。因此,在鉴赏局部时不能将其分开来理解,而应该结合文章的主题思想对局部进行理解,再融入到整体的文章中。这样能更全面地体会和把握作品的思想感情。
The author in the creation of literary works, is the first to determine the center, starting from the whole writing to various local, local integral to the work. A local works not only has its unique feelings, and other local connection, co expression of theme. Therefore, in appreciation of local can not be separated to understand, and should be combined with the theme of understanding of local, and melt into the whole article. This can more fully realize and hold the work thoughts and feelings.
4.2 according to the genre of appreciation
The article has many different genres, and of different genres in appreciation also to seize the key points for different appreciation. Although the expression of the theme of different genres of literary works in different ways, but the expression is mostly using same. So, in appreciation of the article, as long as the topic expression according to different genres, analysis and appreciation of gimmick expression article by means of the central idea and then around the theme of. The following novels as an example, according to the generic characteristics of appreciation.
小说是以塑造人物形象为中心,通过故事情节和环境的描写反应当时的社会生活。鉴赏小说之前,要先对小说的写作背景进行了解,然后对小说所描述的环境进行分析,结合文章的中心思想去理解文章中所描述的环境在文中所起的作用以及作者的思想感情与环境的关系。在了解了文章中的环境描述后,就要结合当时的社会环境对文中的环境进行分析,从而达到更加了解文章中心思想的目的。对文学作品的环境了解和分析后,接下来要做的就是理清文中的人物关系以及人物的特点。在小说的鉴赏中对人物形象的分析是非常重要的一部分,对文章中人物形象的分析能更进一步理解小说的主题思想。小说中人物的性格是因为当时的社会环境影响而造成的,所以对人物形象的分析就能更好地去理解文章。在分析了任务的性格以后,要对文中每一篇文章中的人物的关系进行分析。小说中人物的关系也能体现故事的曲折与生动,还能更好的塑造人物的形象,体现小说中尖锐的矛盾斗争。总之,在鉴赏文学作品时,应该要根据不同的文章体裁,抓住文章的要点与中心思想,深刻的体会文章的思想感情。
The novel is to portray characters as the center, through the description of reaction story and the environment of social life at that time. Appreciate the novel before, must first to novel writing background to understand, and then analysis of the novel describes the environment, to understand in the description of the environment in this paper combined with the central idea of the article and the role of the relationship between the author's thoughts and feelings and the environment. In the understanding of the articles in the description of the environment, we must combine the social environment at that time on the analysis of the environment, so as to achieve the purpose of better understanding of the central idea of the article. On the understanding and analysis of literary work environment, the next thing to do is to clarify the relations between characters in and characters. In the novel's appreciation in analysis on the character of the image is a very important part, the analysis of the characters in the novel can further understand the theme. The characters in the novel character because of the influence of social environment at that time caused, so the character image analysis are better able to understand the article. After the analysis of the task's character, to the relationship of each article in the analysis of the figures in this paper. The relationship of the characters in the novel also reflects the story twists and vivid, shaping characters can better reflect the image of contradictions and struggles, sharp in the novel. In short, in appreciation of literary works, should according to the different genre, grasp the key points and the central idea, deeply understand the thoughts and feelings of the article.
5 Summary
在鉴赏文学作品之前,老师必须对文学作品的知识进行讲解并让学生对那些文学知识掌握到位;要鼓励学生多进行课外阅读,多积累一点课外知识,培养学生的语言感受力与积累文学知识;还要多鼓励学生朗读文章,帮助学生增强语感与对文章的感受力。鉴赏文学作品是需要长时间的积累的,不是一朝一夕就能有很好的文学鉴赏力。在对知识积累到一定的程度后,在鉴赏文学作品时就能有通顺的语言表达能力。除了这些之外,还要让学生了解文学作品的多种体裁,只有对各种体裁都了解了才能提高对文学作品的鉴赏能力。当一切都需要积累的知识都到达一定的程度时,在鉴赏文学作品时就需要将文章的体裁与作者的相关信息、文章的背景等其他方面相结合对文章进行鉴赏。培养文学作品的鉴赏能力是语文教学中必不可少的一部分,对这一方面的能力提高后在语文的学习时也能更加轻松,还能提高学生的感受力与领悟能力。所以,在语文教学中培养学生对文学作品的鉴赏能力是非常必要的一个阶段。
Before the appreciation of literary works, the teacher must be on the literary works of the knowledge instruction and allow students to master the knowledge of those literature in place; to encourage more students to carry out extra-curricular reading, accumulate more than a little extracurricular knowledge, cultivating students' language sensibility knowledge of literature and accumulation; to encourage more students to read the article, to help students enhance the sense of language and to the sensibility. Appreciation of literary works is need long time of accumulation, is not a short duration of time will be able to have a good ability to appreciate literature. In the accumulation of knowledge to a certain extent, in appreciation of literary works can have good language expression ability. In addition to these, a variety of genres but also let students understand the literary works of various genres, only understand in order to improve the ability of appreciation of literary works. When all the need to accumulate knowledge to a certain extent, in appreciation of literary works when it needs to be related information, genre and the author of the article article background and other aspects of the combination of appreciation. The cultivation of literature works appreciation ability is an essential part of Chinese teaching, to improve the ability of the hand can also in Chinese language learning easier, but also improve the perception and comprehension ability of students. Therefore, in the language teaching to cultivate students' is a stage is very necessary for literary appreciation ability.