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With the deepening of education reform, vocational schools are changing the traditional teaching mode, optimizing the teaching content, teaching means, teaching method innovation, and strive to cultivate conforms to the requirements of the technical personnel of enterprises. As the electrical specialty teachers, in my efforts to explore practical teaching model of secondary vocational school students. The paper takes "the electrical control" course teaching for example, talk about the courses using open teaching mode in teaching strategies.
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1 secondary "electrical control" course teaching present situation
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"Electrical control" course is a compulsory professional courses of electrical, mechanical and electrical engineering, is for students after graduation engaged in electrical control system installation, repair, management to provide the necessary knowledge and skills. From the teaching situation in many secondary vocational schools "electrical control" courses, the teaching of this course focuses on the use of theoretical knowledge of the introduction and training equipment, the organic combination of theory and practice is not enough. By the way of teaching is the first theoretical knowledge teaching, post skill training. Teaching in the time and the space arrangement is dispersed, the theory teaching and training class there is a lesson unreasonable distribution phenomenon; from a survey of graduates employment after the point of view, these students after graduation to enter the unit of work, not a complete understanding of the components in the electric control line, in the installation of equipment cannot meet the requirements, but can not design and development of control system. This shows that our teaching pattern is too unitary, emphasizing the classroom indoctrination, theory divorced from practice, resulting in students' knowledge is too narrow, the ability of adapting to the environment is weak. This teaching mode has been unable to meet the requirements of students' employment.
2 the open teaching mode of meaning
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Open teaching mode refers to the teaching, take the student as the center, take the student development as the purpose, pay attention to the combination of theory and practice, the cultivation of students' effective learning methods, to promote all-round development of students in teaching mode. Open teaching requirements teaching content, teaching form, teaching environment, curriculum evaluation methods have open the corresponding.
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1) open teaching content. With the rapid development of electrical control technology, electrical control "course" teaching content must be constantly updated, so as to train for technical staff development needs of the industry, this is the openness of teaching content. The teacher demand for open teaching contents to understand the current electrical control technology development condition, select appropriate teaching materials and counseling books in teaching, teaching content and re integration and optimization of teaching materials, or write with the professional characteristics and adapt to the professional development of school-based teaching materials, open to achieve the teaching content.
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2) open teaching form. Because of "electrical control" course has the fundamental and practical features of both, make full use of existing teaching resources in the teaching of the school, and according to the development of industry, self training wiring board, troubleshooting circuit board, electrical control training platform, at the same time, would also like to purchase related training equipment, rich teaching resources. The school can get the students out of the school gate, to the enterprise, to learn knowledge in a real production scenario, improving the practical operation ability, this is the teaching of open form. Openness of teaching form teachers are good at using a variety of training equipment, can make full use of all kinds of innovative teaching resources in teaching, which is the basis of open teaching form. At the same time, teachers should try to change the students put the textbook knowledge as knowledge content only, take the teacher as the only source of knowledge, wisdom, closed the school, the classroom as the only places of learning the learning concept, advocating students' autonomous learning, active learning in a wide range of educational resources under the background of.
3) open teaching environment. With the continuous development of science and technology, new teaching ideas are also constantly derivative, is bound to become more and more rich teaching resources and has a specific function of education education environment into the teaching activities. Classroom teaching, multimedia simulation teaching, simulation training, enterprise production scene to the practice are all common teaching mode in secondary vocational school, classroom, training room, enterprises here said is teaching environment, "electrical control" is a combination of theory and practice is very tight curriculum, which requires students to actively thinking, diligent in learning, teachers in the choice of mode of teaching according to the teaching content to move the classroom training base or enterprise, let the students and machine equipment is adjacent, complete the learning in the open teaching environment, which is the open teaching environment. Open teaching environment, to realize the theory class, operation class completed in the same space objective. In the teaching of the site layout of various components, circuit model, machine troubleshooting equipment and related machine line charts, to create a learning environment of excellent courses. The theory of class, not only the traditional blackboard teaching means, there are real can be used to explain, also can use multimedia presentation. Reasonable arrangements for the training course schedule, will study the theory and operation skills of close together, eliminate the separation theory courses and training courses phenomenon. For example: after learning the contactor interlocking positive control circuit theory knowledge inversion, can through the operation in the training area nearby, to complete the task, make the theory and practice of operation integration. In this environment, the students can successfully complete the theory of the learning and skills of operation in the same space.
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4) the open curriculum evaluation mode. Course objectives will eventually by the results of learning to reflect, not is not the result of learning, can not learn without results. The traditional curriculum evaluation is a simple test scores, students each semester to cope with the last exam while carrying a heavy burden. To improve the quality of students, evaluation of each course will give the students all-round development with sufficient time and space, is to construct the evaluation to enable students to enjoy success. Open this is the curriculum evaluation mode. The open curriculum evaluation mode, evaluation of students requires teachers in "the whole process of electrical control" course learning, enthusiasm and correctness, homework assignments and complete quality, training project completion and completion quality answer includes classroom problems, and to keep records of the results of evaluation. When the evaluation to less criticism more incentive, let students feel they can learn. In the end, the school students to participate in the maintenance electrician at the beginning of the intermediate examination, obtain the skill level certificate. Pass the research to check students' learning effect.
3 "electrical control" uses the open style teaching mode of the course of strategy
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Open teaching mode embodies in all links of teaching, teachers teaching according to link different, use different strategies, the real implementation of open teaching to improve the teaching effect.
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1) the item teaching method in classroom teaching. In the classroom teaching, to reflect the open teaching, must take the student as the main body of teaching philosophy, project teaching is a student-centered teaching method. Firstly, according to the teaching requirements teaching material content of the project, and then write the project task book. In the process of teaching, students in the task driven, project planning, the completion of the corresponding operation, when the students finish the corresponding operation, project evaluation is used to group between the students mutual evaluation or teacher evaluation method. At the completion of the project tasks, the role of teachers is the organization, guidance, the students play the main role in the project teaching method, embodies the "learning by doing, learning by doing" teaching characteristics, teaching open
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Release. For example: the basic knowledge learning common master appliances, specific teaching implementation steps are as follows: the task requirements: familiar with use, so the main electrical appliances will be the correct choice of the main electrical appliances. The task of content: master the structure and use, electrical master symbols and models, electrical master appliances selection. Knowledge interpretation: button, button structure and use of symbols and models, a travel switch and the travel switch structures and the use of symbols and models. The task implementation: master electrical equipment selection, master appliances installation, master switch common faults and processing methods. The evaluation mission: the basic knowledge of commonly used master appliances to grasp the situation, whether it will choose, used to install the main electrical appliances.
2) "first hands-on, practical teaching adopts post theory, learning by doing". Practical teaching is an important way to cultivate students' operation skills. Open reflect the practice teaching, in the practice teaching can adopt "first hands-on, after theory, doing" teaching mode, that is first given training tasks, allow students to explore on their own, when students finish the task, or because of lack of theoretical knowledge of students unable to complete the task, the teacher then explaining theories, so to complete the task of exploring students can feel the joy of success, and combine the theory with practice, let cannot complete the task of the students completed the training tasks under the guidance of the theories. This "first hands-on, after theory, doing" teaching mode in vocational schools is currently widely teaching mode. For example: install contactors interlocking three-phase asynchronous motor positive inversion control circuit, the specific teaching implementation steps are as follows: 1. Let the students try to analysis the working principle, circuit connected control circuit and main circuit. Then let the students use the multimeter circuit, testing to confirm correct, no-load and load test. The teacher explains the knowledge point, analysis and installation method of the working principle of the control circuit. According to the teacher's explanation, further detecting control circuit for students to complete and loading test, no-load. In the process of teaching, let the students their first hands-on, cultivate their line installed capacity. There is a problem with the operation process, the teacher to explain the theory, let the students under the guidance of the theories, and explore ways to solve the problem. The whole process of middle school students is the protagonist, teachers only play a guiding role to help.
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3) guide the students to adopt cooperative group learning method. The traditional "seedling" type seat mode and the single way of teaching, let the lack of mutual cooperation opportunities among students, cooperative learning on student has the hindrance function. In the process of teaching, students can free combination, with 2 to 3 groups, the implementation of cooperative learning groups. Through cooperative learning, encourage students to develop their sense of self, express themselves, and learn to respect the opinions of others, appreciation of others, enhance the spirit of cooperation, to jointly complete the task of learning. For example: in the installation of the three-phase asynchronous motor starting control circuit of star - Delta, group division: some install components, some connected control circuit, connected with some main circuit, debugging, detection, complementary learning. And as a team as a unit, to report to the class discussion, questioning the other students and teachers teach, get the conclusion in harmony, discuss the problem of freedom. In this process, to let every student active participation, experience success, to feel the collective strength, feel to be respected, to improve self-confidence, improve the interest of learning. At the same time, help to enhance cooperation with the confidence and interest, benefit students between each other, is conducive to the cultivation of student's collective sense of honor, is conducive to the improvement of both cooperation and competition of modern enterprise consciousness. Sue Home Linsky said: "we should let our students in every class, enjoy the warm, boiling colorful spirit Life."
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Therefore, "the electrical control" course construction of open teaching system, optimizing the teaching content and curriculum system, break through the teaching classroom constraints, the implementation of open teaching mode, students boldly put personality show, the occupation of the future development of the secondary vocational school students has important
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