Balzac once said that the novel is express volumes, is a national secret history. We believe that "a good historical novel is one of the important measures to measure the world of a national spirit." [1]
Japanese literary giants, National Writers - Inoue Yasushi not only by his pen "to postwar Japan national barren spiritual world of blowing a fresh wind" and in nearly half a century's literary career to draw heavily on the theme of historical novels of the melting of the ice, frame bridge of Sino Japanese friendly exchanges.
One
Published in the early post-war companion "Hu" and "paint bottle" is a jade bowl remember the early history of Inoue Yasushi's novels, two short stories, the prototype has begun to take the historical novels, but it is undeniable that it is more or less contains some realistic novel writing characteristics, so these two novels are known as the "historical novel" realistic framework. Two historical themes of short works by "paint bottles," Hu "jade bowl" of the two pieces of ancient artifacts "space-time drifting history" reflects the Japanese and the mainland between the long history of cultural exchange, and works from the deep level is more of a writer Thinking on Japanese social spiritual world of "integrity and barren" on the mainland culture with deep roots. Two works, although the amount is not large, but which relates to many of the history of the plot, such as Zhang Qian mission to the western regions, Loulan country of migration, Tang Dynasty of the dispatch, sent Tang's monk's sufferings and so on, these themes are in Inoue Yasushi after many historical novels can be more detailed and vivid by narrating and reconstruction, can be no doubt that, "paint Hu Zun", "jade bowl" of these two novels not only marks the Inoue in historical novel creation "departure", has become the Chinese theme historical novel creation direction "cohesion" and "point to point".
At the same time Inoue Yasushiya wrote many historical novels about the Warring States era of Japan, mainly in the Warring States era of Japan famous generals Takeda Xixuan, Mada Yukimura et al in the Warring States period, stories and historical events of the "wind forest volcano", "true", "Ji Tian Jun," such as wind, cloud fortress, the historical novel as the fictional plot that critics in the "era of novel", but this kind of works in the history of the arena by writing either real or fictional characters and events, that once the war and smoke, strong and heroic death, dreams and reality, and the decline of Rongda, have deep shock, and between the hero and heroine that beyond love and entanglement really pure to the Warring States era is not bloody wild lament.
It should be said that the frequent wars in the turbulent times, historical turning period is often the nature of the performance of the most concentrated era, the writer is selected in the Warring States period as the background of the novel, dignified strokes to show human nature beauty and ugliness, the fate of the sadness and joy, in the depths of the history of the pursuit of human nature.
Corner of the "undercurrent of Yasushi Inoue is a historical novel writer, but also a realistic fiction writer, he in Japan shocked the Shimoyama incident" as the theme of the creation of novels "in the process of the great courage to fully show as a conscientious writer with strong social sense of responsibility, and in the historical novel creation in the casting which, even if some of the more lightweight short are all full of meaning, the writer through some scattered in historical legends and anecdotes of historical writing implicitly expressed on the social reality and human morality, profound thinking," wolf disaster "," sage ", is this a kind of representative works.
The background of the story of the wolf disaster set before the Qin Dynasty, in the watch on the border war with the Huns will Lu Shenkang although valiant but brutal nature, in whom Qin Shihuang died, Prince Fusu and generals Mengtian was forced to suicide after returning home, on the way to overnight houses when, forced a widowed woman iron Le family and their cohabitation, also to conceal privacy even want to kill them, eventually the threat of a health and women both variable to the wolf, later in the way the case of old friend Zhang Anliang, although read the former friendship for people to talk to, but eventually led display will be cruel to the men and all killed. "Saints" is drawn in the ancient legend of Central Asia, tells the story of the ancient family of Sarkar a clan of life from generation to generation in the basin of the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain, relying on only a fountain to survive, and when a childhood as a hostage in a mixed up young people came back, everything changed, he used an alien force clan control after changed previous spring water distribution system and the original order of life, finally spring is destroyed, overflowing with spring water flooded the entire clan village.
Izumi Hasegawa in "Introduction to modern history", "the historical novel should be composed of two parts, which are the elements of historical facts as materials and the means of historical facts. The latter is the first one." From the above two similar in the folklore of the historical novel narration can feel Inoue of the Japan Society of good and evil of human nature and social order after the Second World War, interpersonal relationship change of circumstances of deep thinking.
In summary, the historical novels of Inoue Yasushi or based on folk stories and legends, or on the basis of historical data "history" of the narrative, the text itself is both legendary and allegory, although overall this type of historical novel structure is relatively loose, the lack of a real "sense of history", and the characters are thin, its shape is also the purpose of "history", more symbolic, symbolic characteristics; but the writer not only stay in the "surface narrative history", but more deeply into the historical stories and historical events, explore the country's culture, ethnic origin, through the mirror of history and society the realities of life, and the symbol of modern means will undoubtedly greatly enhance the intrinsic thickness of work, better reflect the significance of contemporary historical novels.
Two
Writers became a believes that the truth of history is "reading historical novels, in the subconscious inevitable standard".[2] to historical novel "balance ridge" as a symbol, Inoue Yasushi into historical novels of the mature period, from the ridge of the balance to be known as the "emphasis on the facts, to Chinese annalistic style written Bunge historical novel" the Yang biography ", can be found in the writer in the creation of increasingly strong respect for the historical facts, the pursuit of the truth of the history of the historical novel creation idea, the concrete manifestation is contained in the historical novels of this period, the real" sense of history ".
A novel the ridge of the scales of the creation motive, Inoue Yasushi in the essay set around of the historical novel once wrote: "as a bodiless think trust the Toshodai Temple monks and three volume biography of user-friendly brief the, light three sea ship the Tang Monk Crusade biography" played in that era should play a role, so that more people understand the Jianzhen and his disciples, and through the long years of today, the modern people to easily accepted the modern novel in the form of creation, is not very meaningful? "
Thus it may be known, the purpose of the creation of the works is of Jianzhen Dongdu historical stories of modern communication and reproduction, and for writing the history of the important significance of Jianzhen Dongdu have in the history of cultural exchange between China and Japan, the "historical reality" show no doubt is author's first priority.
Create a shape of the authoritative biography of eminent monks in the biography of eminent monks in the creation of the real historical events, Inoue Yasushi in the balance of the ridge "early also made reference to the large amount of historical data, such as the Japanese to the copy", "history of Japan", "Japan", "song", "Tang", "new book of Tang", "Old Tang book", "Yin calendar recorded monks", "Tang and crusade" and other historical data, also referred to at that time, the Japanese domestic Jianzhen of Ando, rehabilitation of the Jianzhen and upload research ", these are for the later creation of characters and historical atmosphere to build a solid foundation.
The ridge of scales played characters in abundance, main characters Jianzhen and his disciples Xiang Yan, trust since Needless to say, Japanese monk shines, glory Rui, a few people are all historical load, not fictional characters. The five monks, glory Rui and drenched name in "crusade" appeared more than ten times and life story line, and Yuen Long name in the biography of the Crusades before and after, there have been a total of three times, quit finance, industry line two monks although "crusade" no records, but with textual research of Yasushi Inoue, the second in shines, Tang Rong Rui et al on the occasion of the also once in the Tang Qiufa, writer according to the needs of the plot of the works will be two merged in the novels and the art of the corresponding treatment.
In addition, from the ridge of the balance of "historical atmosphere" to create can also see Inoue the historical view of novel creation characteristic. The success or not of the "historical atmosphere" can even determine the literary value and orientation of the historical novel, and whether it is of great significance, whether it is of great significance to the whole society. Historical period of social and cultural atmosphere "involved in the so-called" historical atmosphere ", i.e." text, it contains far and wide, to the ancient custom, fashion, social class and official etiquette, the imperial examination system, ranging from clothing, coins, utensils and so on. "Historical atmosphere" real historical novels can naturally contain rich cultural connotation and strong sense of the times and the reality, and highlight the "historical touch" of historical novels.
The balance ridge "drawn in the Tang Dahe shangdongzheng Zhuan", in the novel involved detailed descriptions of all strictly according to the biography of the Crusades, such as Jianzhen Dongdu prepared a large number of Buddhist activities, belongings and various food list, previous crossing modes to describe the written and faithful to the biography of the Crusades; and besides, detailed description of novel of Japan qiantangshi group personnel, many tributes, the ritual of official system in China and Japan, Tang Dynasty famous temple are nuanced, so that the novel has strong reliability in history.
The historical novels and the reason is different from other novels, lies in it to represent the history, however, the historical novel is not the historical significance of Jiangshi, but "tells about the history of literature". How to grasp the credibility of historical and literary relationship between fiction and how to complete a on the basis of the real history of literary fiction, how to grasp the aesthetic features of historical novels, in the creation for the organic integration of history and literature, these are historical novelist in the process of literary creation need to focus on the problem. History is "man". Therefore, in the infinite "reduction" and "reproduce" on the basis of history, grasp the historical figures of the thoughts and feelings, create a vivid characters, which is the core problem of the historical novel. As Yasushi Inoue said, "in the long river of history to have weathered breathe new life to the remnants of the past, to show one of vivid characters, which is the essentiality of historical novels. At the same time, the creation of general in modern works, which is also a novelist's mission.
"Ocean to cross" as a strict sense of historical novels, the true representation of history, pursue the truth of history has achieved great success, in addition to the main line of the grand historical narrative novels, novels condensed ink focuses on shaping the five Japanese monks study characters, enhance the art of fiction and literature, which ink is the most shining and the glory Rui novels described, although the surface is Rong Rui, shines, but not completely is the two person, "a study in Tang Dynasty, kesiyixiang, a mission, many foreign monks embarked on an unknown road to study, because of their hard, which makes the cases have been popular in the Tang Dynasty Buddhism was introduced to japan. In his works, dead glory Rui, alive shine, it can be said is the epitome of these foreign monks." [3]
As Yasushi Inoue pointed out, "it is because of the different destiny abroad monks and sacrifice to pay, to achieve the balance period will be brilliant and splendid Chinese culture spreads to the grand goal of Japan. This is the theme of the novel the girders of the scales."
Based on historical events, historical figures and historical facts on the rigorous atmosphere close to Inoue Yasushi, to calm and rational strokes to depict a grand yet delicate full of strong sense of history and cultural heritage of the historical map, through close to the historical deep historical narrative representation of the great deeds of Jianzhen Dongdu in China Japan culture communication history in the Tang Dynasty, but the creation period, "late" balance ridge published in the fifty's, it is in the two countries have not established diplomatic relations with China but people exchanges and cultural exchanges increasingly enhance and deepen the important historical period, so Inoue Yasushi in the period of creation of Sino Japanese cultural exchange history of historical novels is undoubtedly significant through the historical narrative, close to historical pursuit of "historical reality", and reflect reality, through this work expresses the deep vision of the Sino Japanese friendly exchanges.
In general, the writer novel the ridge of the scales of historical thinking and narrative at the same time, through the different characters, the road of life different studying monk image vivid shape, in the text build a rich world and human nature, trying to pursue "true art" on the "historical reality", and since then, "Dunhuang", "wolf", "Dian Dian diary", "Yang biography" and a series of historical novels in the same practice the creative pursuit, and characters in the history of the complexity and variability of the meticulous depiction, and fully display the rich inner world of the characters.
Also in Inoue Yasushi's calm heavy historical thinking, also there is no lack of timely merging into the human nature, emotion, especially the integration and emotional factors and history, which will undoubtedly give dignified history narrative add some bright color, at the same time, love as the embodiment of human nature, but also to expand and deepen the historical narration in the "human" dimension. "Dunhuang" in Zhao Hangde and Uighur King female sad love, biography of concubine Yang Xuanzong Yang Yuhuan and abnormal, sharing weal and woe "wolf" Genghis Khan and the orchid suddenly sincere love, the lake house diary "tea tea to Toyotomi Hideyoshi by deep-seated hate to love intertwine and deep heart of Beijing higher, Pu student's Township, subtle love, these men and women emotion describe not only the Dianran enrich the narrative atmosphere, more in the novel historical narration context, showing a clear clue of emotions, and promote the development of the plot of the works, add some financing the reality of human touch to the product.
Historical truth and art can be said to be a topic that can not be avoided in the creation of historical novels. As the domestic scholar Cui Bo pointed out: "the so-called historical truth and artistic reality is the result of the dual role of the writer as a historical writer, the historical reason and the historical shock." [4]
Therefore, the pursuit of "historical reality" in historical novels, the writer should adhere to objective and rational attitude, not only can not be divorced from the historical interpretation of freedom, also do not need to follow in sb.'s footsteps of history, as Mr. Yao Xueyin said, "the historical novel is a historical science and the art of the novel organic combination, writer pursuit is not a history for, but the result of art historical novel" [5], that is to say, the historical novel not only can't be joking history cultural tools, also do not have to be too much for a history about the history of the task; "in reality the spirit of the times and history, to fully explore the inner spirit of the history of life, which has rich historical novels poetic meaning".[6]
Experienced "wolf theory" debate (in the Japanese literary world around the novel "wolf" expansion of a historical novel in historical and Literary Fiction Literature Contestation) of Yasushi Inoue in this period of historical novels, pay more attention to works in the history of the frame construction and literary imagination expansion, deliberately will be distant historical materials into vivid and full of poetic artistic image, so that works with a strong poetic charm, beyond the "historical reality" and "true art", to achieve the "historical truth" and "truth of art of the perfect fusion.
Three
In ancient times, a man named "western Kroraina country. Kroraina this name, in the history of the East in the history of the one hundred and twenty, thirty years, and in the seventy-seven years from the history of the disappearance of." This is the history of the novel "Kroraina" opening text, as a historical novel, the lack of ups and downs of the story, complex and diverse interpersonal and psychological activities, the whole novel and even the lack of the existence of the main characters, then, the writer in the end is based on what kind of intention to create "Kroraina" the history of this novel? Yasushi Inoue in an essay on the creation of "my literature path" wrote: "in the eastern part of the Taklimakan, a piece of any organisms are unable to survive, is the real death surrounded by desert ruins, where, the shards of history continue to emerge, superposition, sleeping, in addition no a matter, that is remains a piece of dream, the mystery of the kingdom. People in there, or, or the emotions of people, as well as the history is created by the people, through there and after a period of endless time, everything will be sublimated. So I would like to study the story of the people who used to live there."
In the process of "creation" Loulan, Inoue Yasushi capture the "historical records" in the Loulan fragment described, with beautiful poetic text will be according to the history of the era of longitudinal connection, calmly and objectively describes the Loulan history and Loulan survival trajectory. The novel does not focus on the character's psychological description and the relationship between people and people, but rather on writing the history of Kroraina, such a literary viewpoint. As the article in the, the mysterious country of Loulan held to history itself is already full of endless mystery: in one thousand and five hundred years cycle moving in the desert in the lake, in Lake will recede, the shore of the lake by sand buried the small country of Loulan is in the cycle of change, which in itself has history and nature of the implicature of tragic poetry.
"Kroraina" is a historical novel, but more like a human and natural coexistence of epic, it should be said that this novel in the history of Kroraina is also triggered by human nature of deep thinking, is buried in the desert of Kroraina is also a symbol of the fate of human beings in the vast natural space, natural destruction, as Kroraina is the same, human beings will also face extinction. Our existence must depend on the nature, for nature to have a humble heart, perhaps this is Mr. Inoue Yasushi through the "Kroraina" want to convey the mind.
In general, "Loulan" as a full of poetic meaning, poetic charm of historical novels, through the artistic reflection on the past history of life, the pursuit of not just reappearance of historical figures of the footprint or course of historical events, but to from today's high ground overlooking the history of life, "from the grasp of the relationship of history and the reality of the spirit of the times, to explore the life history rich profound spirit within aggregates, and discover history live in poetry." [6]
If "Kroraina" is a history of how the human and nature coexist in the history of the warning, then the end of the "Kong Zi" is a profound reflection of human destiny and human society, the history of how harmonious development. This a by the advent of caused strong repercussions in and outside of Japan, Japan's 42 th noma literary prize, and are China, France, Eastern and Western countries jostle for translation and research works, writers after twenty years of deliberation and preparation and the introduction of life's masterpiece, which is also the Inoue Yasu forty years of literary creation of swan song. Reviewing the literature creation of the writers for nearly half a century, it can be said that Inoue Yasushi's final choice of "Kong Zi" in his later years, as a matter of his own, is a historical necessity. [7]
Inoue Yasushi in "to the Chinese readers," a text of the:
"Confucius is gone up ancient scholars, thinkers, educators. In order to study "the Analects of Confucius", Professor Krier and the Japanese scholars and Dr. Kong Zi Tsuji Tetsuro called human mentor, which is the most appropriate evaluation, Kong Zi is indeed the eternal human mentor, Kong Zi's thinking is not outdated, [8] so, so that more people more in-depth understanding of Kong Zi, to understand the "Analects of Confucius" profound thought connotation, become the novel "Kong Zi" creative motivation.
Yasushi Inoue believes that the "Confucius lived in the late spring and autumn in the age of turbulence," the Analects of Confucius "is issued by Confucius on the troubled times to shout and claimed," "the Analects of Confucius" in every word the background reflects the historical situation, can be described as a product of history ". Therefore," only to "the Analects of Confucius" in the historical background, can we truly appreciate comments of Confucius and his disciples itself has vitality, otherwise, it is difficult to correctly understand the profound meaning of the Analects of Confucius. " Yasushi Inoue said: "without a time like the Warring States era, naked to see everyone's fate, as the moon shine under a river."
In order to grasp the Confucius and his disciples had been living in the period of history that, Inoue Yasushi carefully studied the Shiji, Hanshu "Zuo Zhuan", "Guliang", "Lu spring and Autumn" and other books, and with reference to the Chinese scholar Gu Jiegang's "Choi Dong - wall suicide", Guo Moruo "Chinese history" works, and from 1981 to 1988 in writing before and after a total of six times access to China's Shandong and Henan Province, inspected the Confucius once after the historic, untie the "negative" letter, the specific location rather difficult problems, which makes the novel narrative can be smoothly.
In the novel, the writer by a fictional characters - fade ginger memory features and the doctrine of Confucius to advance the plot development, through the perspective of others, others tells, draw the outline of Confucius characters, reproduce the historical style and features of the year; also by Confucius academic research to discuss the form of the Analects layman modern interpretation, to the "the" and "theory", "sense" is combined with the model objectively discussed Confucius thought connotation is one of the most important "Shizherusi husband" and "destiny" and "benevolence" the core proposition.
Inoue Yasushi's first elaborates the understanding of "Shizherusi husband", "all the past as the river water, day and night without rest, created by human history also runs away, never cease. So every moment of the phenomenon of change is filled with difficult to talk like a lonely atmosphere. River torrents, into the sea, and the same, create the human history also and since ancient times human beings dream of a peaceful society realization destined to maintain linked together. " For the "mandate of heaven", Yasushi Inoue believes that "is to know endowed by their mission, a person is to know oneself should do what", put the two understood in relation to the, i.e. "know destiny make personnel", emotion, life perishable, impermanence, therefore should know in the limited life in what to do, how to do it. On this basis, Yasushi Inoue believes that "benevolence", whether it is "benevolence" of maintaining social, or other people's shoes "benevolence", its core are of human love, is must have the "sincerity".
To sum up, we can see the eternal proposition of Yasushi Inoue in the creation of novel "Confucius" based on the text and beyond the text, through to the historical figure of Confucius and his disciples multi view reconstruction, contemporary interpretation and interpretation of Confucian thought and interpretation of human society, the profound reflection on human fate, as Yasushi Inoue in the 47th international pen's speech about: "I Kui hill, is in order to pay tribute to a meeting in 2600 years ago. This ancient event, so that I believe in human beings, believe that the history of human creation. As a writer, I have no doubt about it. The essential feature of the present era is that human beings have mastered nuclear power.
Suffered the scourge of war of the peoples of the world to realize that the pursuit of personal happiness era has come to an end, not the happiness of others, there will be no happiness; to seek the peace and prosperity of the era has come to an end, no other country of peace and prosperity, there is no domestic peace and prosperity. "
Conclusion
"Art and history are the most powerful tools for us to explore the nature of human nature," Cahill said in his "human nature"." As an art form of the two categories, the historical novel is a kind of art form, which is a kind of art form, which has a unique advantage. Hong Zhigang also pointed out: "the writer put the pen to the history, but in reality is to more profoundly from another angle to look at the present, its meaning is not the meaning of the deep meaning of the."
Through the creation of long-term historical novels, Inoue Yasushi has created a large number of historical figures in the history of China and Japan, and has a long history of friendly exchanges between China and Japan, which has played an important role in promoting mutual understanding, communication and communication between Chinese and Japanese people. Writer Bing Xin in versions of the Inoue western novels anthology preface said: Mr. Inoue's works "between the Sino Japanese culture and builds a beautiful rainbow.
Qian Muceng said, "a nation must have a warm feeling for their own history, this nation has hope." Inoue Yasushi as a lifelong commitment to China and Japan, Japanese writers, whether it is for Japan, or China, are full of deep feelings. From the time of the students to the Chinese culture, to the literary creation period focus on Chinese historical novels, and then to the Cultural Exchange Association held during the Sino Japanese cultural exchange activities, Inoue Yasushi in his unique cultural perspective and a love of Chinese culture, and make every effort to spread Chinese culture, communication and promote the Sino Japanese friendship and cultural exchanges, and strive to set up a bridge between China and japan. Because of this, whether it is Japanese theme or Chinese historical novels, in between the lines of his works are able to feel the deep emotion, and perhaps this is the in the creation of historical novels always adhere to the faithful to the historical principles underlying causes.
Today's society, the tide of economic globalization swept every corner of the world, national culture, regional culture to break through the barriers of nationality, country, regional, multicultural trend is an inevitable trend. However, it must be seen that in the world economy and culture, the conflicts and conflicts caused by different reasons, such as territorial sovereignty, ideological differences, and racial discrimination are also growing. The cultural understanding and communication between countries, regions and nations are important. As the main body of culture and literature, writers and thinkers in the same time, as the backbone of the same time, it has become the media and the main body of promoting each other's culture and literature. Therefore, the process of cultural exploration and cultural interpretation of foreign countries, foreign countries, different nationalities, in essence, is the process of cultural exchange and interpersonal communication.
Cultural pioneer Inoue Mr. with their life and strive to practice the historical duty of cultural exchange, objective and justice pen out Shen Dian Dian "culture", "harmonious" the history book, in serious "history writing", "writing life" beyond the text, beyond the boundaries of personal, ethnic, national, writing human love, drawing lessons from history, to call for reconciliation and peace of human society, and this is undoubtedly as we pointed out the an ideal light...
Reference
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