【关键词】作文 教学
[keyword] composition teaching
作文教学的评价机制主要是指作文教学活动与结果做出的一系列的价值判断行为，它贯穿于教学活动的始终，是提高学生作文兴趣的重要手段。目前的作文教学中教师辛辛苦苦给学生们的作文左批右改，写上大段的评语，学生或认真拜读，或只关注成绩，之后，都渐抛脑后，教师的辛劳付之东流。学生的作文评价，多多少少成了语文教师不得已而为之，学生又从中获益甚少的一桩苦差事。现在的老师在批改作文时更多地关注于孩子的作文是否通顺，文笔是否花团锦簇，学生的语言越来越华丽，内容更却越来越空洞，情感也越来越虚假，这样的文章却往往能得到老师的好评。
The main evaluation mechanism of composition teaching is a series of value judgment refers to the composition teaching activities and results to make, it passes through in the teaching activity all the time, is an important means to improve the students' interest in writing. The teacher worked hard in the current composition teaching to the students writing grant the right to change, write a large section of the review, students or carefully read, or only focus on results, then, are gradually behind the teacher's hard work, all one's efforts wasted. The composition of the evaluation of students, more or less into the Chinese teachers last ditch, the students also benefit from few a chore. Now teachers in a composition to pay more attention to the child's writing style is smooth, whether rich multicolored decorations, the language of the students more and more gorgeous, content more but more and more empty, the emotion is more and more false, such articles often can get the teacher's praise.
这一切引起了我的深思：我们的老师需要对作文的评价方式有一个新的认识，作文的要求不能偏离孩子的身心发展规律、背离孩子的认知水平和情感体验，在评价孩子的作文时，不要打击孩子的写作热情，要有一双善于发现的的眼睛，发现孩子作文中的闪光点，在鼓励中提高孩子的写作水平，促进孩子作文能力的提高。对于孩子们作文的评价呈现方式，可以用等级评价，也可以加以评语；还可以将学生自评、互评，家长评价和老师评价相结合。不管是哪一种作文评价方式，我们都应该注重对孩子的人文关怀。
All this has set me thinking: our teacher need for writing evaluation ways have a new understanding of the requirements, the composition can not deviate from the rules, physical and mental development of children's departure from the child's cognitive level and the emotion experience, in the evaluation of the child's composition, not against the child's enthusiasm for writing, to have a pair of good the eyes, found the child in the writings of flash point, improve children's writing level to encourage, promote children to improve the ability of writing. For the evaluation of children writing presentation mode, you can use the grade evaluation, can also be comments; can also be a student self-assessment, peer assessment, evaluation and teacher evaluation of the combination of parents. No matter what kind of composition evaluation, we should pay attention to the humanistic care for children.
一、培养学生健康的人格
One, the cultivation of the students' healthy personality
今天学生写的作文，大部分或是为了迎合老师的口味，几乎没有学生自己的情感表达，作文变成了及其虚假的东西，写游记，就是为了表达对祖国、对家乡、对建设者的热爱、赞美之情；写身边的爱，不是父母深夜背着生病的“我”上医院，就是父母冒雨为“我”送伞；写友情，不是我借你橡皮，就是你扶我起来；写好人好事，不是让座，就是扶老人过马路，不是一方有难八方支援，就是感谢老师家长的悉心教导；写学习写训练，不是为祖国、为集体争光，就是勤奋向上永不放弃……这样千篇一律，空话连篇、假话当道、套话成堆的作文，我们又从何谈何真实情感？从何谈认知发展？新课标中指出：“应重视对写作的情感与态度的评价，要重视真情实感的表达。”这就要求孩子的作文内容必须是真实的，情感必须是真实的，这就需要老师在平时的教学过程中加强对学生的情感价值观的正确引导，要求孩子在写作文时务必要求真求实。
Write your composition today, most or is in order to cater to the tastes of the teacher, the students themselves almost no emotional expression, writing into and false things, writing, is to express to the motherland, hometown, to love, to the builders admiration; write around the love, not the parents night carrying sick "I" on the hospital, parents in the rain is for "I" take an umbrella; write friendship, not I borrow your eraser, is you lift me up; to write good, not a seat, is to help old people cross the road, not a difficult help comes from all quarters, is thanks to the teachers and parents to teach the good; to write learning writing training for the motherland, is not, for the collective glory, is hard to never give up...... So follow the same pattern, fill endless pages with empty verbiage, lies in power, cliches piles of composition, we talk about what the real emotion from where? On cognitive development from where? It is pointed out that the new curriculum evaluation: "should pay attention to emotion and attitude in writing, should pay attention to the expression of one's real feelings." This requires the composition content of children must be true, the emotion must be true, this requires teachers to strengthen the correct guidance of students' emotional values in the usual process of teaching, ask the child in writing must be the truth.
有一次，我让学生写一封给爸爸妈妈的信。一位同学在作文中大谈爸爸妈妈的“苛刻”教育，甚至于感叹生活“艰难”。究其原因，因为该同学的家长的确望子成龙心切，也有不少老师反映其父母专制的管教，学生在家庭中就难免产生消极的情绪，觉得生活“艰难”，所以他就把这种真情实感很自然地写进了作文里。由于他说的是真话，抒的是真情，但写得相当实在、真切。对此应该如何评价？我认为这位学生能写真情实感，路子对，文风正。在讲评课上，我大大肯定了这种写作态度，当然也指出了应该注意的问题。同时，不少有同病相怜之苦的学生竟对文中现象展开了热烈的讨论，积累了又一次习作素材。
Once, I let the students write a letter to my mom and dad. One of the students in the composition about mom and Dad "harsh" education, even sigh "tough life". Investigate its reason, because the parents of students really eager to succeed, there are many teachers reflect their parents authoritarian parenting, students in the family will inevitably have a negative emotion, feel the life "difficult", so he put this one's real feelings naturally written into the composition. Because he is telling the truth, to express the true, but writes quite really, really. This should be how to evaluate? I think the students can write one's real feelings, is on the right track, style of writing is. In commenting on the class, I greatly the affirmation of the writing attitude, of course, also points out the problems should be paid attention to. At the same time, there are a lot of Similarly afflicted people pity each other. bitter student had to the phenomenon of heated discussion, the accumulation of another project material.
二、培养学生自信地写作
Two, the cultivation of students' confidence in writing
Students are afraid of writing in addition to the usual accumulation of small, but also because of the composition of the restrictions and fetters too much, want more and more, writing more easily digress, blows again and again, let the children no longer dare not writing. So, how to let students dare to write a composition? This requires teachers to establish a democratic, equal, harmonious dialogue platform for students, let students rebuild self-confidence. Emerson USA writer said: "confidence is the first secret of success." Let the students are full of confidence, then our writing correction can't always go to "pick", and should learn to make the best use of encouragement, to let the students experience the joy of success in writing. From the use of a word to a fragment of the description, expression skills, content, materials from conception to the students' writing articles, from writing to reduce typos neat, we should timely affirmation, encouragement and praise. We should put forward constructive comments on the shortcomings of the text, to avoid the use of "bad" "shouldn't" "worse" hurt the self-esteem of students of the language, the language with the absolute prohibition of the use of insulting and discriminatory. We should guide students self appreciation, self acceptance, and cheer for your life.
我曾经教过这么一位男孩子，十分好动，篮球是他喜爱的运动项目。因此，在言谈间、作文里经常提到他的篮球，可是在有关打篮球的作文里我看到的是这样的叙述：甲同学得到球传给乙同学，乙同学又传给丙同学，丙同学又传给丁同学，丁同学又传给……，最后某同学投篮，球进了！作文也写完了，这样的作文按照书面情况给予评价显然会挫伤他的积极性。
I have taught such a boy, very active, basketball is a sport he loved. Therefore, often mentioned in the conversation between his basketball, composition, but in to see me about playing basketball in the essay is this statement: a student to get the ball to the B students, students and students pass B to C, C classmate and passed to the student Ding, Ding classmates and passed to the...... Finally, a classmate of shot, the ball into the! The thesis also finished, this composition according to written condition and give the evaluation will obviously hurt his enthusiasm.
我选择了和他一同观看一场篮球赛，请他给我这个“门外汉”讲解比赛，当我带着一群孩子坐在电视机前，看着他眉飞色舞，听着他滔滔不绝的讲解，相信他已获得了极大的满足。事后我告诉他：“你说得太棒了，如果你能把刚才所说的都写下来，那肯定是一篇优秀的作文！”积极向上的评价点燃了学生的写作热情，在以后的文章中总能看到不少精彩的语句和生动的描写。
I chose to go with him to watch a basketball match, please ask him to give me the "layman" to explain the game, when I was with a group of children sitting in front of the television, watching him beam with joy, listening to him off the reel to explain, believe he has received a great deal of satisfaction. After I told him: "you're so great, if you can get down to write what I said just now, it is certainly a excellent composition!" Ignite the enthusiasm of the students writing positive evaluation, always in a future article see many exciting statements and vivid description.
正如前苏联教育家苏霍姆林基在《给老师的一百条建议》中说：“要使我们的每个学生选择这样一条生活道路和这样一条专业，它不仅是供给他一块够吃的面包，而且能够给予他生活的欢乐，给予他一种自尊感。”
As the Soviet Union educationist Sue Home Linke in "one hundred suggestions" to the teacher said: "to make every student we choose such a way of life and such a professional, it is not only supply him a piece of enough to eat bread, and to give him the joys of life, give him a sense of self-respect."
三、培养学生创新的能力
Three, the cultivation of students' innovation ability
陶行知先生说：“教师的成功，是创造出值得自己崇拜的人。”也就是要培养有创新精神和才能的人。我认为作文评价应以“展现个性、创造性”为主导。作文的乐趣从何而来？ 来源于生命的自我表现和个性的舒展。“太阳像是得了感冒似的变得有气无力”、“树叶在风中摆动像是跳着集体舞”、“她的嘴唇红得好像刚喝了几大杯草莓汁”……多么精彩的语句，多么独特的想象，对于这些教师就要给予及时鼓励和表扬，来激发学生的写作兴趣。培养孩子作文的创新能力，就需要我们在作文评价中有新的观念，鼓励学生要从独特的个性化视角出发，展现其思想上的“独特性”，鼓动学生在思维上要“与众不同”，写自己的作文。
Mr Tao Xingzhi said: "the success of a teacher, is to create a worship worthy of his own people." Also is to cultivate the spirit of innovation and talented people. I think the composition assessment should take "the individuality, creativity" as the leading factor. The composition of the pleasure from why and come? Stretch from the life of self-expression and personality. "Like the sun caught a cold like to become feeble.", "leaves in the wind like jump collective dance", "her lips were as red as just a few large strawberry juice"...... What a wonderful statement, how unique imagination, to give timely encouragement and praise for the teachers, to inspire students' writing interest. Cultivate children's writing ability of innovation, we need to have new ideas in writing assessment, encourages students to be from the point of view of personalized unique perspective, to show his thought of "unique", encouraging students to "out of the ordinary" in thinking, writing his composition.
总之，我们只有把“以人的发展为本”的理念真正融入到作文评价中，才能促进作文改革绚丽多彩。
In short, we only take "on the development of people" concept into the real composition evaluation, to promote the composition reform blew.