The history of research must be guided by the historical materialism, in the contemporary Chinese has become the consensus of historians and maps. Almost all of the people who have been engaged in historical research, almost all the branches of history, have different degrees of historical materialism as the research guide. It is no exaggeration to say that the historical materialism in the new China's historical research field, has achieved a dominant position and absolute advantage.
The Chinese history of the history of this belief is that the practice has proved that this view is open, not closed, is absorbed rather than exclusive, is not stagnation, is innovation and is not the doctrine, Lenin hailed as "the only scientific history.". On the contrary, the materialist conception of history is every day, learn widely from others'strong points, become an independent school, carry the world before one. Materialist conception of history of this unique status, and unique role, not a personal or self sealing a school of, but it with a variety of historical view repeatedly by the theory of confrontation, repeated the test of practice unrivaled in the world.
Lenin pointed out that the criticism of Russian liberal populist representatives of the m Heyrovsky idealism: "since the" capital "has been published, the historical materialism is not the theory hypothesis, but scientifically proven, we haven't see another scientific explanation of some form of society (it is social form, rather than what country or nation and even class life style and so on) before trying activities and development, did not see another like materialism as the 'facts' in order to try, before can make strict scientific explanation and give a vivid description of social form, historical materialism is always synonymous the word of social science." How do you understand this classic judgment? Lenin in the "on the proletarian culture" and "youth mission" in the answer is: Marx, so won the world historic significance, because it has not abandoned the most valuable asset class era, in the contrary, it has absorbed and reformed the value of two thousand years of people's ideas and cultural development. "All that human society has created, he has been critically explored, and no one has neglected the past. All human thoughts are made by the workers' movement, and they have been tested and discussed, and they have been criticized, and thus the conclusion that those who have been confined or restricted by the bourgeois prejudices can not be reached." Therefore, as a complete scientific system of materialist conception of history can operate from a strategically advantageous position, Zhidianmijin, leading historians to tackle tough, innovation, we "shanchongshuifu doubt" from the realm of necessity into the "Vista" of the realm of freedom. This conclusion has been proved by Guo, Lu Zhenyu, Fan Wenlan, Jian Bozan, Hou Wailu, the older generation of Marxist historians as the core group, and from generation to generation successor of the research approaches and research results. At the same time, it is also proved by the research methods and research results of the older generation of non Marx's historians.
On the former, the author has designed the paper, we shall not discuss. Regarding the latter, this paper intends to Wang Guowei (1877-1927), Ma Yifu (1883-1967), Chen (1890-1969) academic experience as an example to analyze them briefly, as a supplement to the former.
On June 13, 2011, "Wen Wei Po, Wenhui school people" Zhuanban published Xiao Guang Lu research paper "of Wang Guowei's reading of" Das Kapital year resolution ". The author in this paper pointed out that the bones of the epigraphy of Wang Guowei's read "Das Kapital, in time" not only than in 1928 began translation "capital is talked" Guo vigorously, Wang Yanan early at least twenty years, also not only than Chen Yinque '20 in the early 1990s' read "capital" 10 years earlier, even with Li Dazhao read "Das Kapital" contrast is already about ten years "," may in the modern history of China, the earliest contact "Das Kapital" scholars ". The new materials, for the academic study of Wang Guowei's a generation of people very enlightening.
In the Chinese modern academic history, Wang Guowei's academic achievements and academic contributions are obvious to all. He is knowledgeable, literature, history and philosophy and governance, in the stone learn and ancient history, primary school (including text, phonology, Exegesis) and science, drama of the song and Yuan Dynasties, sand falling Jane, Dunhuang, the history of the northwest and Mongolian history research some achievements. One of his major contributions is:
The research from the "writing period" to the "historical period", the Chinese "have the history of writing can be traced back to four thousand years ago. When, not only in his "Yin inscriptions see first male first king" and "test" the explanation of the text and interpretation of the history that "records of the historian Yin Chronicles" contained "business on behalf of the public first king name not found in inscriptions danger fresh", also correct individual errors, pointed out that "on a later Zhu Xian Gong, for the B, C, D, Ren, the main GUI", "historical records" to "report D, B, C, but contrary to the fact that the". Subsequently, in the ancient history of new card "outlined in the famous" double evidence law ", he said:
"I was born in today, thanks to the paper material, more underground material. This kind of material, we have according to the material correction paper, also to prove that a part of the whole record of the ancient books."
Wang Guowei's scholarship has made epoch-making achievements, although there are many reasons for that, which the most important (and had been ignored) is his tireless learning advanced theory at that time, such as Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, "the Germans", especially Marx's capital theory ". According to his student Jiang Liangfu memories:
Sometime in 1927, he arrives at the in the coaching of Tsinghua Academy of Chinese learning of Wang Guowei's home asked, "readily scanned two books, one of the is the German version of" Das Kapital ", saw the book which use several color mark. Mr. Jingan looked at me and said, 'this is a book that I read a German book ten years ago. In my mind, I felt very deep. I felt that I was not only knowledgeable but also very advanced." In Marx's Chinese spread widely in the pursuit of Wang Guowei's theory before, is precious. Although the Qing Dynasty, the last emperor Pu Yi was entrusted with the "South study walking" of old fogies. Later in Kunming Lake at the summer palace in Beijing drowned as sacrificial victims of the Qing Dynasty, however, contained in the "Das Kapital" historical viewpoint and method on influence of his scholarship has not disappeared.
Engels said: "there is no theoretical thinking, it is not true that the two elements of the nature of the link, or a link between the two." Study on Oracle's thought from this assertion of the author's. He can log to million meter engraved with the inscription tortoise shells and animal bone fragments, carding and conjugated system, find the internal relations, opened the first of its kind in the business in the study of the history of, can not say that is the theory and method of "Das Kapital" enlightenment and nourish him. Regardless of he in the subjective is aware of this, he in the German version of "Das Kapital" "make good use of a few color hit the mark" the move has eloquently proved that. This fact explains: "capital is talked" about historical materialism theory and methods, like huge energy of magnetic field, of any school and any scholars can produce attractive and induction force. Every scientific treatment of theoretical thinking, would agree with this. Otherwise, it will ignore the general interest. As Lenin criticized Mihai Lovskey said: "he read" Das Kapital ", unexpectedly can not tell this is materialism scientific analysis of a (and is the most complex of a social form of paradigm, is recognized by the example of unparalleled." The Wangyuanhua in "speculation" in the book said: "Chen Yinque when studying abroad in the early twenty's read" Das Kapital ". These are as a pedantic old gentleman, in fact reading surface is great, not as some people imagine." Wang Yuanhua this phrase is meaningful, it is worth pondering over. He said Chen, "read great, self-evident, including" Das Kapital "; he said Chen" is not as some people imagine that, is undoubtedly the Chen Yinke grievance, suggesting that Chen's "not as some people imagine" is rejection of Marxism "pedantic". Before the founding of new China and Chen Yinke "Central Research Institute" working historian Zhou Yiliang after the founding of new China, and Chen Yinke in Sun Yat sen University to work with historian Jin Yingxi, of Chen's scholarship has objective and fair comment. Zhou Yiliang said:
"After the liberation, I rough in studying Marxism Leninism, feel Chen although not admitted that he is a Marxist, but his scholarship was full of naive dialectics, good and one in two, perhaps this is Mr. Chen in the liberation of the historians to Guanjuequnlun? Mr. Chen many papers dealing with the small problems, but he never take the matter on its merits, but in the context of a big problem to study, namely, Mr. Chen said because of the small to see. In today's words, that is, from the micro to the macro, the combination of the two. When Mr. Chen is a historical phenomenon, often pay attention to distinguish between common and personality, study the difference between the two and contact. He looked at the history of the problem is a great emphasis on vertical observation, look at the origin and evolution, can be a few hundred years of history as the background to observe. Because of this, Mr. Chen on a broad vision and profound analysis of the most, in conformity with the dialectics." Chen Yinque "is not of historical materialism, it is not possible to use historical materialism standpoint to study 4 Jin Yingxi said. But there are many factors that are close to the historical dialectics in his mind. He has a better description of the historical process than the same time." Unfortunately, "Chen Yinke to recognize the inevitability of collapse of feudal culture, but at the same time and sympathy and feudal culture 'life is with every" of Wang Guowei "," very likely is known and feelings contradiction, make him in his later years, stopped in front of the historical materialism ". Chen Yinke's academic experiences prove that:
He early by the influence of Das Kapital, scholarly research there is no lack of historical dialectics, be in "before the founding of new China the historiography circle" Guanjuequnlun, also than Western sinologists "high end". Unfortunately, "old age in historical materialism, halted before", reflected in learning and treatment is difficult to go beyond their own, then climb peak. As noted historian Liu Danian, Chen Yinque "on the one hand, the history of Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as the value of research, on the one hand and the unofficial biography of Liu Rushi" in that work, the performance of the considerable tedious philosophy "." fee to nearly a decade of Kung Fu and its length to Bashijiwan word is found such a so-called 'truth', can only be a regret to feel the waves with their talent. " II of textual research, before Wang Guowei, Chen Yinque contact, "Das Kapital", study American Sinology master Ma, from 1903 began to collect and read "Das Kapital". Si Shun Wei in the "Guangming Daily (July 5, 2012): the Ma and" Das Kapital "and that" Ma Yifu is the "capital is talked" the introduction of China's first man ". Ji Min Guo in the Confucian Zong Ma Yifu" also think, "according to the current data shows, Ma is original" Das Kapital "will be the introduction of the first person in China." Ma Yifu across the oceans to seek the story of "Das Kapital", from one side of a reflection of the charm of the materialist conception of history and influence of his scholarship.
Wang Guowei, Chen Yinque and Ma's academic experience, can't help make the author thought Lenin in the materialism and empirio criticism "of the phrase:" along the road of Marx's theory of progress, we will become more and more close to the objective truth (but certainly not exhaustive); along any other road ahead, in addition to the confusion and error, we have nothing to. " Contemporary interested in climbing the peak of historical research of scholars especially young scholars, bearing in mind the Lenin warned, and previous academic experience for reference, consciously to guidance of historical materialism historical research, the basic principle of historical materialism throughout history research to, constantly improve the learning and use of historical materialism and level, do Chang Xuechang new, used a new, to inherit and carry forward the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation, for the prosperity of the development of Chinese Marxist historical science to make new and greater contributions.
Line text so far, it seems to be over. But I think lied, but also to write a few lines. At present, the stress history research must be to historical materialism as a guide, and another meaning, is to explicitly deal with historical nihilism challenge. The history of nihilism and historical materialism be misfits. Advocated the thoughts of the people, under the banner of the name of the "academic reflection", "rewrite the history of, negative process of historical development and the law of the development of history, historical deconstruction, misinterpretation of history, has deliberately sought to discredit the historical events and historical figures, in theory logic chicanery to tributaries of the negation of the mainstream, in order to some negative in general, to the details of the total negation, and through the mass media to unfamiliar people historical spread against the truth of history, and the wrong view of history and values. The error theory and its harm, historical nihilism cannot let down, must be carefully cleaned, distinguish between truth and falsehood. But the historical materialism is the ideological weapon to recognize and respond to the sharp historical nihilism. In this situation, emphasizing the historical research must be guided by the historical materialism, and make further progress is have a definite object in view.