The basis of Marx's negative view of existence
Marx's dialectics and traditional metaphysics exist in the practical life of human beings, and Marx pays more attention to the existence of human being. Through the analysis of the life form and the way of life of the people in capitalism, Marx discovered the phenomenon of alienation from the people. So, what is the form of human existence is worth exploring.
(a) the way of human existence
In the study of the true way of life, we must first study the nature of human beings. The essence of being independent of other things and having a clear self. The essence of human being is independent of other animals, independent of nature, and is an independent existence. Man is a kind of existence, "this theory refers to the people both in theory and in practice are people's own class or other classes as the object, but also refers to the people to treat themselves, as common things at the same time, people are free."
The essence of human nature is demonstrated through the social practice of freedom and consciousness. That is to say, the essence of human being depends on the behavior of human being, which is the difference between man and animal. The essence of this kind of people and animals from the fundamental distinction. "Animals and their life activities are unified, the animals will not separate themselves from their life activities, also said that the animal itself represents its life activities
However, human and animal, people will own separate and life activities, the activities of human life is the object of human consciousness, so life is conscious, in consciousness under the action of human and animal to distinguish.
(two) the alienation of human existence
In today's highly social division of labor, the essence of man has been divorced from his own way of existence, but in a form of alienation. "Either the nature or the spirit of the kind of ability, is essentially an alien to the human, the human spirit has become the human survival condition and tools."
The human labor is different from the alienated labor, and there are essential differences between them. That is to say, the essence of alienation is not the true nature of human beings. Therefore, in the process of practice, the activity is not to affirm oneself but to deny oneself. It is not that you feel happy, but that you are unhappy. Therefore, people can not feel free and conscious in the work, only in the process of doing not feel free. The alienation of labor does not happen under the conditions of voluntary, but under the conditions of the people. In the state of alienation, there is no essential difference between man and animals. It can be said that in the state of alienation, there is no essential difference between man and animals; on the contrary, the nature of man and animal is the same, it can be said that man is an animal, it can be said that animals are people.
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(three) return the fountainous survival way
Marx believes that the essential difference between man and animals is the creation of human beings to create everything in real life, human beings are essentially independent. The human wants to return to real life will continue to carry out practical activities, so as to understand the true meaning of dialectics, and promote the self interpretation of the meaning and value of self creation.
In the process of the negation of reality, we should not only deny the external things, but also discard the external things in the emotional life. Negativity is universally found in the conscious practice of human beings, and it is a witness of human self transcendence and self sublation, as well as the existence and development of human beings.
Negativity means that human beings are constantly getting rid of the shackles, and constantly self generation and self realization, the pursuit of a more free and broad space. Negativity is the fundamental characteristic of human beings which is different from animals, which is the only characteristic of human beings, because the thing itself is not negative.
Part two: the existential significance of Marx's negative view
(a) to provide the conditions for the awakening of human consciousness
Based on the theory of Existentialism in Marx's view of practice, the most basic way to survive is to rely on the practice. The theoretical basis includes the individual's living concept, and expounds the basic principle of human existence.
In Feuerbach's philosophy, people can only be perceived as the object in the form of object, and can not play the subjective perception or practice based on the perception that it makes with social attributes and other people cannot have the rational consciousness of life are regarded as the same, could not be distinguished in practice and the cognitive perspective.
Marx's view of practice has the ability of active cognition and practice, through the practice of their own survival, the survival and practice of the most basic relationship. Marx also put forward the basic theory of the existence of perceptual object activity, the focus of the study on the actual existence of the people, rather than just stay in the eyes of self-awareness awakening.
(two) to provide scientific basis for solving the dilemma of contemporary human existence
1 people live in harmony with nature
If there is no external perceptual world, people will not be able to develop. But in the early capitalist society, the development of human beings depended on the excessive exploitation of natural resources and the destruction of natural resources. In the pursuit of their own goals in the process of realization, at the expense of the natural environment, in exchange for the greater contradiction between man and nature. In our times, people have realized the importance of protecting the environment, so as to make rational use of resources to achieve harmony between man and nature.
Harmony between 2 people
In the western capitalist society, people exist and develop in the survival of the need for their own interests, the result is that the relationship between man and man of alienation, so people gradually from the existing state of origin. On the contrary to capitalism in socialist society, people gradually learn the lessons of capitalism, set up to achieve the ultimate goal of communism, which are free from exploitation, to realize the equality between people, to strengthen the harmony between people and people's attention.
Three, conclusion
Dialectics is the negation of the negative positive impact, it is a kind of change. The starting point of Marx's dialectics is the existence and development of human beings. On the point of view of negation from the survival, deepen awareness and understanding of the negative view, clear negative view of important significance in life and in the process of development, clarifies the significance of Marx thought.
Reference
[1][2] cake lihua. Criticism of modernity in Marx's view of existentialism [D]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University, 2007
[3] Wang Lutao. An analysis of Marx's theory of Practical Existentialism [D]. Nanchang: Jiangxi Normal University, 2012