Along with the society entering the information age, the computer network technology and the multimedia technology's development and the maturity, the network education has gradually developed into a brand-new education form. Since May 2013, the major media have been in a significant position in the advent of Mu class (MOOC) and the impact of. MOOC is the acronym for Open Online Course Massive, which is intended to be an open - scale online course. MOOC to video based and interactive features of the network courses free of charge on the Internet, for the world's many learners learning, this is known as the "printing technology since the education sector's largest innovation" MOOC has gradually become a hot topic in the field of education.
Development and current situation of MOOC
MOOC is a kind of large open online course [1], which is a kind of large-scale open online course. It is a kind of non - profit advanced knowledge communication which is aimed at the world famous universities. It provides quality education resources for different populations in different countries. MOOC this concept was created in 2008 by Alexander Bryan, a senior researcher at the University of of Prince Edward Island Dave (University), Cormier and for Technology (Institute in LiberalEducation National). From then on, the course mode of MOOC is gradually favored by more and more people. In September 2011, the Stanford University Sebastian Thrun and Peter Norvig joint creation of "Introduction to artificial intelligence" to attract free courses from more than 190 countries about 160000 students enrolled, which gave birth to the Udacity[2]; in November of that year, the Stanford University professor MOOC created another important platform for Coursera; in December the same year the Massachusetts Institute of Technology launched the MITx project, on the basis of cooperation with the Harvard University set up a edX platform. With the MOOC three platform (Udacity, Coursera and edX) have emerged, the rapid rise of MOOC education in the world, the speed of its development, a wide range of unexpected, 2012 "New York Shibao" which is named as "the first year of MOOC" [2], "the times" also evaluate the "MOOC opened the Ivy gate" for the public.
In the United States, the three major MOOC course providers continue to expand, while the European Union, the United Kingdom and so also follow the pace. In December 2012, the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom 12 colleges and universities to establish a "Learn Future" MOOC level, in April 2013, the United States by the European Union launched the 12 language of the European Union MOOC platform OpenupEd also formally launched. MOOC trend analysis of a North American education institution, by 2016, 43% of the university will provide MOOC courses MOOC [3]. in Europe and the United States, according to statistics, about 95% of health and medical related [4]. for English courses, Peking University, Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and other domestic famous universities have joined the MOOC camp, 2014 Chinese medical education is also officially established in Beijing, these are also predicted that China's colleges and universities will also enter the MOOC era. MOOC provides a new kind of digital, information and network knowledge transmission mode and learning mode. It has realized the change from "Teacher centered" to "student centered" teaching mode, which indicates that the educational field is about to usher in a major change, or even revolutionary.
Two, MOOC content and features
MOOC has many significant advantages over traditional teaching and network teaching platform, which realizes the most extensive sharing of quality teaching resources on the Internet platform, as well as the interactive requirements of the curriculum model. Therefore, it has an important impact on modern higher education, and has caused wide attention in the world MOOC [5]. courses can be divided into online courses and online course content of [6]. online course content and learners to participate in the construction of two parts, mainly including curriculum, short test questions, examination questions. The course of the following line includes the course of turning over the classroom, learning community, discussing the area, fixed time and place.
MOOC is not only the reform of educational technology, but also brings about profound changes in many aspects, such as the concept of education, education system, teaching methods, personnel training process and so on. In this sense, the essence of it is to realize the education of quality education resources in various colleges and universities in the form of network. As a new teaching model, MOOC has realized the whole process of teaching, and its strong advantage is not only in the sharing of online courses, but also more importantly, it is flexible and diverse in the learning content, and it is more suitable for the digital age. This change from the "teaching" to "learning" the right relationship, thanks to the following four basic characteristics of MOOC.
(a) the openness of the course
Open access is the primary feature of MOOC, which means the academic spirit of openness, democracy and freedom. Learners can choose according to their own needs and interest in the course of the comparison, the openness and transparency of information is stronger than the traditional education. MOOC for the whole world of learners, as long as access to the Internet, the computer will be free to learn from the world's famous university courses, so that time and space and funding constraints on the learning needs of the learner to a minimum.
(two) the scale of the content
MOOC is reflected in two aspects, the number of large number of participants released a large number of courses, as well as students in the course of the larger scale. There is no limit to the number of students, a MOOC course at every turn tens of thousands of people. With broadband networks, mobile technology and smart phones continue to spread, the audience will be more extensive.
(three) the miniaturization of the course
MOOC's video courses are generally 10 minutes or even more brief "mini course", which caters to the students to keep the attention of the best time to keep the attention, and also easy to highlight teaching key points and difficulties. Students to the short video of pace playback control, playback, pause, fast forward operation, is convenient for inquiry and review of relevant content.
(four) online interactive exchange
Refers to the study is done on the Internet, students can according to their own situation, to arrange their own learning time, learning from time and space constraints. MOOC provides an interactive network environment, using computer network platform and to build a massive global online learning communities related to connected groups of students, teachers, teaching assistants and other parties, making quick and convenient for teachers and students and students, students and students interaction.
Three, the significance of the establishment of medical curriculum teaching MOOC
MOOC the most important value is to create a world wide anyone can freely access the big classroom, as well as the world famous university open course of the stage, to promote the closed university classroom to the information era, open, sharing the history of the [8]. in the ascendant MOOC trend is triggering a world wide range of higher education. Medical education is an important part of higher education, and it will also face great challenges in this trend. The world famous university professor of MOOC quality courses will attract many students from all over the world, students can freely publish evaluation, and even critical comments and suggestions, the university physical classroom teaching is a new challenge, the University's elite professors is a new challenge; this is the center of the teaching mode, the students learning autonomy, promote the students as the center of the change, the current medical teaching evaluation model and medical education management system to reflect.
(a) the significance of MOOC in medical higher education
With the continuous development of the world economic globalization, the internationalization of higher medical education has become an important trend in the development of higher medical education in the world. MOOC provides a large number of high quality medical education resources in the world, and most of them come from the world famous universities, such as nearly 15% of the medical MOOC courses are provided by the world famous university, Johns Hopkins University, MOOC [4]. is not only a simple course sharing, but also a successful innovation of teaching technology. MOOC breaks through the traditional one-way transmission characteristics of online video, and promotes the interaction of video courseware. It not only can provide the support of the teaching method, but also can be used in many aspects, such as the interaction between teachers and students, the construction of teaching resources and innovative applications, open content and open teaching. The development of MOOC, especially the open content and open teaching mechanism of MOOC, actually created a new model of educational resource sharing, a new model of education resource construction and application, a new model of education resource construction, which has important implications for deepening and developing medical online education as well as medical education resource development and innovation. Therefore, MOOC is very important for promoting medical higher education curriculum reform and deepening medical innovation teaching mode.
(two) the significance of MOOC in the cultivation of medical talents
Because of the safety of the patients, the medical personnel need to develop high quality medical talents with higher medical education. The modern medical talents need to have a solid basic theory, excellent practical skills, good scientific literacy, high professional spirit and social responsibility. Along with the rapid development of medicine, medical workers should have the ability to solve the problem of clinical problems, but also have the ability to study independently and lifelong learning, and the emergence of MOOC has brought profound changes to the training mode and teaching method of medical talents. First of all, the MOOC provides the medical curriculum is a well-known medical colleges and universities to provide high-quality curriculum, and often produce exquisite, excellence. In the teaching of MOOC, it is clear that knowledge is well organized, and students' learning interest and learning participation are greatly improved. Peking University and Hong Kong University Science & Technology two famous universities have done MOOC and traditional teaching methods for students learning effect evaluation, the results found that MOOC can effectively improve the learning effect of [9]. second, MOOC course of study cost is low, do not need to pay any fees, can be through MOOC to learn the best course, so as to stimulate students' learning enthusiasm, students can choose their own interest in medical MOOC courses to learn, promote education fair, and for medical students to learn to provide the possibility. Third, MOOC can improve the ability of medical students to obtain and evaluate information, and to exercise their ability to study independently, to cooperate and to study for life. Students through the combination of physical classroom learned knowledge of medical theory, independent online viewing case discussion, operation demonstration, skills operation and other MOOC video, you can not limit the time and place on the Internet for the learning problems and perspectives between teachers and students, students exchange and interaction.
According to the students' different learning progress and learning ability, MOOC also opened the door to the medical students on demand. Because of the large proportion of MOOC network learning, it is convenient for teachers to grasp the learning situation of students in a timely and convenient way.
(three) MOOC for the development of higher medical institutions
For the development of higher medical institutions, MOOC is both a challenge and an opportunity for development. MOOC tide swept under the, world elite, teacher, the name of the class to compete, MOOC is to schools, teachers, class "3 drive carriage" as the power to drive the higher school education and teaching the train speeding. From the macro level, open to the whole world open large-scale online courses MOOC, is a medical college shows its teaching strength of the platform, but also a process to establish a brand, medical colleges and universities can provide the MOOC courses and courses of popularity, is its teaching level, teaching strength and influence. The implementation of MOOC, will be the development of higher medical institutions to inject new vitality. Therefore, the high quality medical MOOC is very important for improving the self - awareness of medical institutions and promoting the image of the University.
Therefore, the construction and application of MOOC for promoting the construction of high-quality medical digital network teaching resources, promoting the comprehensive integration of information technology and medical teaching, improving the teaching and learning methods of students, promoting the balanced development of education, improve the quality of medical education in China and the comprehensive benefits of education information, and enhance the University's image and reputation are of great significance.
Four, MOOC introduces the concept of medical education
MOOC has won the favor of the majority of students in the form of its own, but also one of the effective ways to improve the competitiveness of the school education. With the rapid development of information technology, medical MOOC has become a reality in medical colleges and universities, the teaching of medical education in our country is to seize the opportunity of this reform, reform, innovation, continuous integration of new educational ideas, develop new education mode, in order to better guide the development of medical education.
(a) gradually building the national medical education MOOC resource sharing platform in the MOOC construction of medical education, we should recognize the situation and the national conditions of the medical higher education in our country. Under the unified coordination of the relevant organizations such as the Mu class alliance of medical education in China, the construction of medical MOOC resource sharing platform is promoted. At the beginning of the construction of medical MOOC and need to collaboration between the domestic first-class medical colleges and universities, forming alliances, improve medical MOOC resources sharing platform for the construction of the system planning and top-level design, strengthening of information circulation, and gradually establish a medical MOOC public high-quality resources sharing platform, promote the quality of medical teaching resources sharing. The value of teaching resources is opening and sharing, MOOC medical resource sharing platform is built, and the domestic and foreign mature MOOC network learning platform for cooperation and for MOOC mode of medical learning with content, implement different college students education resources sharing and co win, together for the Chinese medical education teaching and social development.
(two) the construction of medical MOOC excellent quality nuclear heart course, micro lesson curriculum resources. Quality course is the content of the MOOC platform, is the core of the construction of MOOC teaching mode. First of all, requires a combination of domestic and foreign outstanding medical materials, the domestic and foreign experts and resources for effective integration, the research to discuss the organization line of outstanding teachers and experts, according to the medical MOOC video resources, design principle, structure, development of standards and procedures, formulate a set of scientific and reasonable standard, determine the knowledge pedigree of class type classification the micro frequency library each medicine course and the course of medical MOOC, the content of the course discussed repeatedly temper; second, the construction of medical MOOC quality core curriculum, teaching innovation should attach great importance to the design of micro course, designing the teaching contents, teaching plan, emphasizing the "online" and "offline" combination teachers and students to explore, combination, change the traditional teaching mode of medical defects. In addition, to focus on the development of a single knowledge point of the MOOC micro curriculum, but also pay attention to the medical discipline series, thematic, structured, integrity of the MOOC micro curriculum construction, to encourage teachers to set up a relatively complete, series of medical MOOC micro curriculum based on their own teaching style and teaching characteristics. Such as after students complete the learning of preventive medicine professional theory courses, teachers can establish special MOOC micro courses for new infectious diseases (such as this year the outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic), emergent public health events, from different angles of epidemiology, toxicology and environmental hygiene to explain, for students to construct system of knowledge structure. 只有这样，才能使医学生既能基于知识点的有“针对性、查缺补漏”式学习，也能选择某个专题开展连贯性、完整性的建构式 MOOC 微课程学习，这也是当前我国医学 MOOC 微课程建设的重要发展方向；第三，要大力推进“以学生为中心”的医学 MOOC微课程，其设计关键是要从教学目标制定、学习者分析、内容需求分析、教学媒体选择等方面进行设计，这样才能制作出 “让教师在较短的时间内运用最恰当教学方法和策略讲清讲透一个知识点， 让学生在最短的时间内按自己的学习完全掌握和理解一个有价值的知识点”的医学 MOOC 微课程，确保微课程能够满足医学学习者的实用、易用和想用的直接需求；第四，要注重团队协作开发，提高医学MOOC 微课程建设水平与开发效率， 避免教师个人或学校闭门造车、各自为政、低水平重复建设现象。 In financial, human, energy, technical support and other conditions, the medical core curriculum can be part of the MOOC, in the implementation of a period of medical colleges, according to the feedback of students to make up for the MOOC curriculum in the imperfect, through the summary of experience and improve, and then to a wide range of conditions, and to have a wide range of adaptability, not only to meet the undergraduate, specialist, and even graduate students and doctoral students and doctoral research needs, but also to take into account the medical education, standardized training of medical education, and the need for the training of basic health personnel.
(three) strengthening the cultivation and construction of medical MOOC teachers
The reform of medical education brought about by the medical teaching of the university to the higher requirement of the university teachers. Different from the traditional teaching methods, the selection of the course, the realization of the curriculum, and the post production of the animation should have a careful design, which requires teachers to have a wealth of teaching experience and a lot of time and energy. According to the characteristics of MOOC, it can be seen that the strict standards of curriculum and teaching evaluation, new teaching methods and learning methods, reasonable arrangement of the classroom and time division, etc., all of which have put forward high requirements for college teachers. Medical MOOC production not only requires teachers to have a very strong expression ability, a certain performance ability, a wide range of medical expertise, in order to respond to students in the interactive exchange of questions, but also have a certain information technology capabilities.
In the course of the teaching of medical MOOC course, it is not only to control the time, but also to design the questions and the answers. How to adapt to the change of students learning style, how to realize the transformation of educational ideas and teaching methods, how to do a high level of turnover in the classroom, the teachers of higher medical colleges and universities have proposed new requirements, which is also a serious challenge to medical professionals. The future of medical professional teaching should reflect more knowledge and the interaction between teachers and students, which requires teachers in higher medical colleges and universities should not only set up the service concept of students as the center, but also devote themselves to the research of medical professional teaching method, and continuously improve the ability and level of knowledge. In addition to the construction of medical MOOC curriculum in addition to the excellent teaching teachers, but also a clear division of labor and coordination of professional team, including the academic team, production team and running team. Therefore, the conditions of medical institutions should speed up the training of MOOC teachers and professional team, deepen the understanding of the concept and technology of MOOC, for the construction of high-quality medical MOOC course reserve force. Through the improvement of the professional ability of teachers and the strengthening of the awareness of medical MOOC education concept, the medical MOOC is really moving towards the direction of "taking students as the center, taking the effect as the center, taking the students as the center".
(four) to guide students to change their learning attitudes and cultivate their learning autonomy
Traditional higher medical teaching methods, teachers are in the dominant position, the students in the passive acceptance of knowledge, in this teaching mode, students are not only mechanical memory of the students learning initiative, independent thinking and creative spirit, the real interactive teaching mode is difficult to be realized, the enthusiasm of students learning is difficult to fully mobilize, leading to the medical post students lack of independent work and independent learning ability, especially for medical knowledge update speed is very fast, independent learning and lifelong learning ability is particularly important. And the emphasis is on the students' learning as the core of the MOOC curriculum, students are not only the course of the consumer, but also the course of the participants and builders. In this new type of network teaching mode, students will become the master of learning, the main body of consciousness, initiative and creativity will continue to develop. The teacher has been transformed from a teacher to a high level of teachers, a new teacher-student relationship and creation. In the course of the study of medical MOOC, students can learn the community. Through the discussion of clinical cases, operation and other knowledge and skills learning, we can discuss the questions in the course of the study. Therefore, this requires students to change the traditional concept of learning, learn to use modern information technology, and constantly develop autonomous learning ability.
As a kind of emerging education teaching mode and new technology, MOOC can not replace the traditional school education, it will not make teachers become history, the role of MOOC will be positioned in the traditional classroom "supplement and improvement", after all, the school education is not only the classroom teaching, but also the interaction between teachers and students, face to face, the influence of campus culture, the exchange between students, which are difficult to achieve MOOC. MOOC and other teaching reform in the classroom teaching can complement each other and promote each other. It can be used as a useful supplement to the traditional school education. We should combine the MOOC with the traditional classroom, which is also the direction of future medical education reform. We can not meet the blind and not ready to meet, only to fully understand and dialectical understanding of MOOC, in order to actively respond to the challenges it brings to us. At present, the number of foreign medical MOOC is more, and the video production is fine, but the construction of medical MOOC in China is in its initial stage. In within the next two years, including our school, set up an independent medical university graduate student school union plans to take school joint efforts completed postgraduate medical MOOCS system, my school is responsible for three courses the clinical thinking and interpersonal communication "," academic norm and laboratory safety ", the English literature reading and writing" after the completion of the will within the union sharing, and to the open operation of the society. Domestic medical colleges and universities should think carefully about how to use the MOOC platform, combine the subject and the advantage, and go out of a way that belongs to their own development.
MOOC has brought the rare opportunity for medical education reform. We only combine the characteristics of medical colleges and universities to seize the opportunity to play a leading and leading role, draw lessons from the excellent course construction for many years, and further combine the teaching reform of medical higher education.
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