1. Introduction
1。简介
Global warming is a climate change phenomenon which refers to the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans due to human-induced greenhouse effect. The term was probably first used in its modern sense in a Science paper called Are we on the brink of a pronounced global warming?(1975) The author's choice of words was new and represented a significant recognition that the climate was warming; while previously the phrasing used by scientists was "inadvertent climate modification". Generally speaking, since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C, with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980(Greenhouse effect).Evidence for warming of the climate system is overwhelming and observable, such as widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. Ubiquitous as it is, its advent is definitely not a blessing but a Pandora's box with various devastating consequences either for human kind or nature. However, the good news is that this rough problem has become a growing concern of people, and is even on the international agenda. This essay will argue that a fight against the observed warming is looming ahead, and it must be through looking into its both root causes and symptoms to handle the issue. Therefore, initially, the essay will concentrate on the factors behind the phenomenon. Some adverse impacts will follow closely. In the third section, the essay intends to propose several proposals in three angles: (1) the international collaboration is required; (2) the government and public should work together; (3) searching for new paths is necessary. Finally, a conclusion is made that people should keep balance between the development and environment.
全球变暖是一个气候变化现象是指由于人类造成的温室效应，地球大气和海洋平均温度上升。这个词可能是第一个用现代意义上的科学研究中被称为是我们对全球变暖的一个明显的边缘？（1975）的词作者的选择是新的，代表了显着的识别，气候变暖；而以前科学家使用的语法是“无意的气候改造”。一般来说，自上世纪第二十年代，地球表面的平均温度增加了约0.8°C，约三分之二的增加发生1980起（温室效应）。对于气候系统的变暖的证据是压倒性的和观察到的，如大面积融化冰雪，全球平均海平面上升。它是无处不在的，它的出现绝对不是一个祝福，但是潘多拉的盒子的各种灾难性的后果是人的种类或性质的。然而，好消息是，这个棘手的问题已成为人们越来越关注的人，甚至在国际议程。本文认为，对观察到的全球变暖的战斗迫在眉睫，它必须通过寻找到它的根原因和症状的处理问题。因此，首先，本文将集中在现象背后的因素。一些负面影响将密切跟踪。在第三部分中，本文试图在三个角度提出了几点建议：（1）国际合作是必要的；（2）政府与公众一起工作；（3）寻找新的路径是必要的。最后，得出结论，人们应该保持环境与发展之间的平衡。
2. Causes of temperature changes
2。温度变化引起的
Indeed, global warming seems to have long reached a level such that people can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse effect and the observed warming. As matters actually stand, however, the greenhouse gas is little more than a nominal scapegoat, and man himself is to blame for the deadly new ecological crisis.
事实上，全球变暖似乎已经达到了这样的水平，人们可以归因于具有高度的信心的原因和影响温室效应和观察到的变暖的关系。事实其实站，然而，温室气体是不超过一个名义上的替罪羊，人本身是为这场生态危机归咎于。
2.1. The greenhouse effect
2.1。温室效应
Put simply, the greenhouse effect refers to the insulating effect of atmospheric long-wave radiation. It's a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases.
简单地说，温室效应是指大气长波辐射的保温效果。这是一个由从行星表面的热辐射是由于大气中温室气体的吸收过程，并重新在所有方向辐射。由于这种辐射部分是重新回到表面和低层大气，结果在海拔平均表面温度高于它会在气体的缺失。
The earth’s natural greenhouse effect makes life as we know it possible In this mechanism, greenhouse gases play a huge role, and without them, the earth will be as cold and lifeless as the surface of the moon. Accordingly, overload gases will also lead to the hellish conditions now seen on Venus. But unfortunately this delicate balance now seems off, and the home planet risks getting hotter and hotter.
地球的自然温室效应使我们所知道的生命可能在该机制中，温室气体起着巨大的作用，没有他们，地球将会像月球表面一样冷而无生气的。因此，过载的气体也会导致现在看到金星上的地狱般的条件。但不幸的是，这种微妙的平衡，现在看来，与地球家园的风险越来越热了。
2.2. The greenhouse gases
2.2。温室气体
By their percentage contribution to the greenhouse effect on the earth, the three major gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane respectively. Obviously, water vapor occupies the largest proportion, it's self-innocent and is regulated by water circles for millionsof years. Though methane accounts for a rather small portion, it is quite efficient that can be easily transformed into its stubborn partner carbon dioxide. That is to say, all the figure points at this property stabilized gas, which acts as the insulating cover of the earth as a result of its good heat-preservation performance. Where do the soaring carbon emissions come from? People put themselves to deep reflection.
他们的百分比贡献给地球上的温室效应，三个主要的气体是水蒸汽，二氧化碳和甲烷的含量分别为。显然，水蒸气占的比例最大，这是自我天真是由数百万年水循环调节。虽然甲烷占一个相当小的一部分，它是非常有效的，可以很容易地变成其顽固的伙伴二氧化碳。也就是说，在这个性能稳定气体的图点，作为绝缘覆盖的地球由于其良好的保温性能。哪里的碳排放量飙升从何而来？人们把自己深深的思考。
2.3。人类活动
In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth's climate—something previously seen as beyond our control.
在过去的几十年里，科学家们一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化，以前看过的东西是我们不能控制的。
It's indeed the case that demographic factors lie at the root of environmental issues. In the 20th century, the human population quadrupled and primary power consumption increased 16-fold (Advanced technologies to Global Climate Stability: Energy for a Greenhouse Planet 2002). According to the United Nations, the current world population of 7 billion is likely to exceed 10 billion over the next 90 years. The pressure of the rapid growth intensifies the burden of nature capacity. It also indicates an alarming number related to carbon dioxide emissions from human breath.
这是事实，人口因素是环境问题的根源。在第二十世纪，人类的人口翻了两番，主要的电力消耗增加了16倍（先进技术的全球气候稳定：一个温室的2002颗行星能量）。根据联合国，目前7000000000的世界人口在未来90年可能超过10000000000。快速增长的压力的加剧，自然力的负担。它也表明从人类呼吸的二氧化碳排放量有关的一个惊人的数字。
Another decisive culprit is the overuse of fossil fuel including coal, oil and natural gas. Since the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago, mankind has depended heavily on fossil fuel, whose combustion can bring people the energy for industry, transportation as well as wealth. Meanwhile, it inevitably produces by-product represented by carbon dioxide. There is date demonstrating that three-quarters of greenhouse gases on Earth comes from fossil fuel burning.
另一个决定性的罪魁祸首是化石燃料，包括煤的过度使用，石油和天然气。200年前的工业革命以来，人类已经在很大程度上依赖于化石燃料的燃烧，能给人们带来的工业能源，交通以及财富。同时，不可避免地产生的二氧化碳为代表的副产品。有数据表明温室气体对地球的四分之三来自化石燃料的燃烧。
In addition, some other activities such as cement production, tropical deforestation and water pollution to varying degrees exacerbate the situation.
此外，一些其他的活动，如水泥生产，热带森林砍伐和水污染程度不同情况恶化。
3. The impacts of global warming
3。全球变暖的影响
As mentioned above, the rising of the temperature of the weather on Earth may induce beat all aftermaths. Here, this assay intends to illustrate some noticeable adverse impacts which makes people scowling, to help establish a better understanding of the problem.
正如上面提到的，地球上的天气温度的升高，可能会导致意想不到的后果。在这里，本文试图说明一些明显的不良影响，使人皱着眉头，帮助建立一个更好的理解的问题。
3.1. Expected environmental effects
3.1。预期的环境影响
An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise, hence speeding up water consumption and evaporation. The subsequent nightmare may be a more frequent occurrence of extreme-weather events ranging from heat waves, droughts to heavy rainfall, and a probable expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include species extinctions when the shifting temperature regimes exceed the limits of their adaptation, the spread of pests and water-borne diseases.
全球温度升高将导致海平面上升，从而加快了水的消耗和蒸发。随后的噩梦可能是一个更频繁发生的极端天气事件从热浪，干旱，暴雨，和副热带沙漠可能的扩展。气候变暖预计将在北极冰川最强，会继续退缩，多年冻土和冰。气候变暖的其他可能的影响包括物种灭绝变速时，温度变化超过其适应范围，害虫和水性疾病的传播。
3.2. Expected social system effects
3.2。预期的社会系统的影响
It is no exaggeration to say that climate change threatens the survival of vulnerability of human societies in a long run (If We Seek, Do We Learn?: Predicting Knowledge of Global Warming 2009:3). With the rising sea levels, some small islands may disappear, forcing those coastal residents to migrate to new habitats. It's presumably that people begin to fight for the decreasing land and water supplies, which can turn into massive wars. At the same time, they probably have to suffer from tropic infectious diseases. When it comes to agriculture, the outlook is not so optimistic either. On one hand, severe heat is unfavorable for the germination and growth of seeds; on the other hand, devastating floods and droughts caused by freak weather will lead to poor farming, and America's corn belt is just the epitome.
毫不夸张地说，气候变化威胁着人类社会的脆弱性在长期存活（如果我们追求，我们学到了什么？：预测全球变暖2009:3知识）。随着海平面的上升，一些小的岛屿可能会消失，迫使那些沿海的居民迁移到新的栖息地。它大概是人们开始下降的土地和水的供应，打击可以转变成大规模战争。同时，他们有可能受到热带传染病。当它涉及到农业，前景不那么乐观，要么。一方面，严重的热不利于种子萌发和生长；另一方面，反常的气候造成了毁灭性的洪水和干旱将导致贫穷的农民，只是和美国玉米带的缩影。
4. Responses to global warming
4。全球气候变暖的响应
Some experts predict that if measures are not taken, the planet is likely to get irreversible warming. Thus, rather than arguing whether human activity is altering climate, the discussion is now turning to what steps society can take to protect the climate (Capturing Greenhouse Gases 2000;9). As a result, a lot of projects from different angles have been put forward to restrict this unhealthy trend.
一些专家预测，如果不采取措施，全球变暖可能会不可逆。因此，而不是争论是否人类活动正在改变气候的讨论，现在已经变成了什么步骤，社会可以采取的保护气候（捕获2000的温室气体排放；9）。作为一个结果，从不同的角度，很多项目已经提出要限制这种不健康的趋势。
4.1。国际合作
Globalization makes it possible that climate change receives much attention from the international community(Climate Change: The Political Economy of Kyoto Flexible 2010:3). A series of international treaties have been established sun as United Nations Framework Convention and Kyoto Protocol to mitigate this process. Despite the existence of disputes in this issue, it's encouraging that many countries appeal to a low-carbon and environment-friendly development model. For instance, UK promises a 60% cardon dioxide cut emission by 2050, as recommended by the RCEP, with real process by 2020. Indeed, the global problem requires global efforts, and every country is globally-accepted rules and standards.
全球化使气候变化的国际社会备受关注（气候变化：京都灵活2010:3政治经济）。一系列的国际条约已经建立了太阳的联合国气候变化框架公约和京都议定书来缓解这一过程。尽管在这个问题上存在纠纷，鼓励各国向低碳、环保型发展模式的。例如，英国承诺60%的二氧化碳减排2050，当RCEP推荐，与实际过程2020。事实上，全球问题需要全球的努力，和每一个国家，是全球公认的规则和标准。
4.2 Macro-control and micro-involvement
4.2宏观控制和微观参与
There is a misconception that climate change is a threat that matters mainly to the government. In fact, it matters everyone. In real life, the government carries out macro-policies and the public is expected to involve positively. A specific example is cited here --- as is known to all, exhaust gases from cars contain a lot of greenhouse gases. How to control the pollution? The government can put higher taces on petrol, aiming to discourage the use of cars; while people should choose alternative methods of transport such as cheaper and more convenient trains and bus services. In a word, official and civil fulfill their proper function effectively and efficiently.
有一种误解，认为气候变化是一个问题主要是政府。事实上，每个人都很重要。在现实生活中，政府宏观政策和公众预期的积极介入。一个特定的一个例子——众所周知，从汽车尾气中含有大量的温室气体。如何控制污染？政府也提出了更高的taces汽油，为了减少汽车的使用；而人们应该选择不同的运输工具等更便宜、更方便的火车和巴士服务的方法。总之，官方和民间有效履行其应有的功能和有效的。
4.3. New scientific paths
4.3。新的科学路径
Developing new energy sources is promising. There seems no credible path to stabilizing, much reducing global carbon emissions without nuclear power (From nuclear to renewable: Energy system transformation and public attitudes, 2012:8). The earth is a planet of 7 billion people, heading towards 10 billion. Even with better energy efficiency, global energy demand will soon double, perhaps triple. Renewable energy, another reliable alternative which includes wind power, tidal energy and solar energy, is any source of energy that can be used without depleting its reserves (Solar Power: The future's bright 2007:10). People pay much attention because they are inexhaustible, safe and clear.
新能源的开发是有希望的。似乎没有可靠的方法可以稳定，大量减少全球碳排放量没有核电厂（核可再生能源：能源系统的改造和公众的态度，2012:8）。地球是一个星球上的7000000000人，迈向10000000000。即使是更好的能源效率，全球能源需求将很快一倍，甚至两倍。可再生能源，另一个可靠的选择，包括风能，潮汐能和太阳能，是任何能源，可用于无消耗自己的储备（太阳能发电：前途是光明的2007:10）。人们因为他们是无穷无尽的，安全的和明确的。
Furthermore, some professors propose a bold plan that sequestering carbon dioxide underground or in the deep ocean should help keep the greenhouse gas out of the atmosphere where it now contributes to climate change. The various options must be scrutinized for cost, safety and potential environmental effects. Not impossible, this assumption may come true some day.
此外，一些教授提出了一个大胆的计划，将二氧化碳埋入地下或在深海中应该有助于保持温室气体进入大气，它现在有助于气候变化。各种选项必须审查的成本，安全和潜在的环境影响。不是不可能的，这种假设可能有一天会实现的。
5. Conclusion
5。结论
The global warming effect has sounded alarm bellsthat it's urgent to deal with the problem that how to make the balance between economic development and environment protection. If bigotry, today's wealth at the expense of over-consumed environmental resources will be used to build the luxurious tombs for the succeeding generations.
全球变暖的影响已经敲响警钟bellsthat迫切需要解决的问题，如何平衡经济发展与环境保护。如果偏执，今天的财富为代价的过度消耗，环境资源将被用于下一代建造豪华的陵墓。
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