2015 ? 6 ? 26 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5:4 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
A controversial issue of ethics in June 26, 2015 has been legalized. On this day, the White House twitter and Facebook's official website has become a symbol of the rainbow, the United States announced the legitimacy of gay marriage. Only one vote, 5:4, passed the bill. This initiative of the United States has aroused widespread concern in the Chinese media, some people are encouraged, there is a sigh. Homosexuality is a long-term concern the question of ethics, but attitudes are unable to agree on which is right.
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One, the reasons for and against homosexuality
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The greatest voice against homosexuality is the Bible as a classic religious believers. In the Bible, especially the New Testament is strongly opposed to homosexuality. In the Old Testament and New Testament both will homosexuality for the heinous acts of the discussion will be regarded as unacceptable behavior give ban. Of course, not only in the world of Judaism and Christianity against homosexuality, as well as islam. Some people oppose homosexuality is based on homosexuality can not bear. These people believe that the purpose of sexual behavior is to give birth, and because homosexuality can not bear, thus distorting the nature of sexual behavior. Some are based on the high level of HIV / AIDS. Homosexuality is the main cause of the spread of AIDS, which should be banned. There is, however, no evidence that homosexuality is abnormal. For religious reasons, people are opposed to homosexuality, but the premise is a proof of the things, and therefore can not be used to prove that homosexuality is abnormal. Adult rights based on free consent. Sexual behavior is a personal act rather than a public problem. As long as it does not violate the law, it should be allowed, which is free. And as a matter of fact, homosexuals have greatly reduced the probability of HIV / AIDS transmission and infection in a very careful way. Also, homosexuality is people should be respected by society. Jacques Tilo in his "ethics and life" in fact, has been in favor of and opposition to make a summary: "the view that homosexuality is immoral for several reasons: (1) it is an abnormal and abnormal sexual behavior. (2) it's against the law of God. (3) it to children set a bad example; because his followers tried to for the cause of the snare wings, so it is dangerous. (4) it bears full responsibility for the AIDS crisis, which makes it a public act, rather than a private one. (5) it violates the interests of the majority of people in our society, which violates the traditional and family values that we basically belong to heterosexual. There are several reasons why homosexuality is moral: (1) there is no confirmation that homosexuality is abnormal or immoral. (2) to engage in private activities in any manner since it considers appropriate, as a result of the right of consent to the adult. (3) as a group of homosexuals, it has greatly reduced the rate of infection and the rate of infection, and should not be more discriminated against than the opposite sex. (4) recognition of homosexuality does not imply tolerance for sexual abuse or indecent assault on children; in fact, the opposite may be more such crimes than homosexual persons. (5) homosexuals are people, and therefore should not be subject to social discrimination." [1]
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Recently, there has been a new kind of support for gay people in this debate. In this view, modern marriage is just a process in the human development process and that heterosexual marriage can not protect love and gay marriage may be done. Indeed, heterosexual marriage may not be until the end of the protection of love. However, what is the essence of marriage? This is the need to examine. And if homosexuality is for love, only then why should we step into the marriage hall? In order to answer this question, it is clear that the "marriage" of the substance.
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??????????“??”????“Marriage,also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially orritually recognized union or legal contract betweenspouses that establishes rights and obligations betweenthem, between them and their children, and betweenthem and their in-laws.”[2]
In other words, marriage is a social or legal relationship based on the recognition of small groups or legal relationship between the two people, this is the two men and their children to establish some kind of rights and obligations. For the interpretation of the "marriage" perhaps the interpretation of "the book of rites faint meaning" more in line with our Chinese people's habits, "the book of rites faint meaning" think: "Hun Li, the good two surnames, on its way to a temple, and the following generations, therefore gentleman heavy." [3]
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This is the marriage as a phenomenon of offspring and temple ceremony. "The book of rites Duke AI asked," said "good two surnames, to after the sage, that heaven and earth and the supreme power; country '[4] is also this meaning. The Soviet encyclopedia selected the definition of marriage may be for us to understand the essence of "marriage" is more helpful, this book will define marriage as: "marriage is a relationship depends on regulation, combined with children in social status rely on to determine between men and women. Therefore, the family formed by the parents and children, and the marriage behavior are inseparable." [5]
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This interpretation of the marriage and family together, seems to be more in line with our Chinese culture to explain the marriage. China has always been a family, and marriage is the basis for the family to be produced. 54 during the period of the new culture movement, one aspect of Li Dazhao's criticism of Confucianism was that the family structure represented by Confucianism hindered the development of Chinese society and economy. It is learned that China's traditional culture look at marriage, more attention is a kind of obligation and responsibility, marriage is the basis for the continuation of the expansion of the family. In addition, Confucianism from the Han Dynasty began to talk about Yin and yang. "Easy copulative" in say: "Yin and Yang tao." Yang is dry, Yin is Kun, the two constitute the world of things. The so-called dry way into male, female way into female. It is the meaning of "the beginning of the dry knowledge and the object of the Kun", which also constitutes the understanding of Confucianism to the marriage. In the case of Confucianism, if there is only a positive and no Yin will not be all things, there is Yin and no Yang, nor all things. Thus the interaction of yin and Yang will be the generation of all things. In terms of marriage, if only men and women, it is not a couple will not be married, not married, there is no male and female. Marriage is the need for the combination of yin and Yang, male and female, female is Yin, no matter which side is not a party.
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Thus, in this sense, gay marriage is clearly not in line with the Chinese cultural meaning of the "marriage" of the essence of the.
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(two) homosexuality is not in line with the "benevolence" of the nature
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The Confucian Confucianism, their common point is that Confucius has always been to the creation of "benevolence" as its foundation. So "benevolence" what is it? According to Confucius, benevolence is "love". Confucius's "love" is a has rank order of "love, is first of all reflected in the loving care of their parents and relatives, again to the clan of blood relation, and then to all. Therefore, Confucius will be "filial piety" as "benevolence" of the essence, the so-called "gentleman", the legislative and road health. The younger brother is also a person, it is the root of the kernel and the "[6]"
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It is this meaning. Confucian "filial piety" is the responsibility and obligation of the children to their parents. The "Mencius Li Lou" said: "there are three unfilial." Secondly, from Confucius's "Kejifuli, benevolence", Confucius is also not in favor of gay marriage. Why? Because the so-called "g" means to overcome or inhibition, and "self" is relative to the "Tao", meaning the desires. "Tao" is of universal significance, and is selfish desires do not have universal significance, and therefore should be given restraint. "Love" is a kind of desires, but "love" more than a certain degree is not suitable. Therefore, Confucius said "Kejifuli" aim is to limit the scope of "Rites" selfish. It can be seen that in the Confucian on the basis of the gay marriage has taken a rejection of the attitude.
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(three) gay marriage does not conform to the Confucian "home" concept
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Yi Xu Gua says: "there is heaven and earth, and all things; all things, then there are men and women; men and women and couples. Couples and father; father, then a monarch; monarch and his subjects, and upper and lower, and etiquette has been wrong. [8]
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If today to male male or female female legitimate marriage, it will inevitably lead to have the order reversed. Confucianism has always regarded the political sphere as an extension of personal ethics or family ethics, in the home "couple" is not, and even said that there is no so-called "husband and wife" of the real, how will the country? "Meng Zi from Lou" has a cloud:
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"The world is in the country, the country at home, the home of the body." [9] then the "University" cloud: "the country must first Qi his home, which can't be taught to teach others, without the. A gentleman does not become out of adult education in the country. The filial piety, therefore the king also, the younger brother, therefore the matter is also long, the compassion person, therefore causes the public also. "Kang patent" said: "if the child." Heart sincere request, although not far away. No son to marry and also learn. A kernel, a country of Xingren; a let, let alone a country; corruption crime, a country's Rebellion: the machine so. This is called a man in a care that all is right.
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Yao and shun the world rate to benevolence, and the people from the. Jie and Zhou rate and the people from the world by storm, the. All they have to do is to counter it, and the people are not. It is therefore that the gentleman who has been asked to himself, and who has not himself, and who is not. The body is not afraid of the body, and can be compared to the people, there is No. The country in all the family."
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Thus, the "home" in the Confucian there is how important. Confucianism as "the country" as "home" of the expansion, if a person even the family are not good management that can not control the country. However, the "home" has always been composed of parents, husband and wife, as well as children. And gay marriage is unable to determine who is the "husband" who is "women" so natural "couple" and "husband and wife" in Confucianism is one Lun Lun, although its role as father and son, but because of the husband and wife then continued heirs. It is more important that the establishment of the relationship between father and son in the Confucian school is the symbol of human being from brutality to civilization. Therefore, from the perspective of the relationship between husband and wife, Confucianism is not a recognition of the relationship between the homosexual.
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(four) gay marriage is not in accordance with the Confucian rites
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The current mainstream view that marriage is the result of love. Since the heterosexual can get married, that gay marriage should be legalized, because marriage is only two people based on the freedom of love. See the logic of the supporters of gay marriage in general. In this case, then a person also has reason to think that the human animal marriage should be legalized, this will even expand to the next of kin marriage. Why? Because the marriage between two men or two women is based on the so-called "love", and between the human and the animal, or between the human and the animal, the same can be based on the same reason, that is, love. Perhaps the opponents would say:
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"Didn't you say you're not saying it was because you can't have a baby and you're opposed to gay marriage? Male or female can use modern science and technology to carry on the birth." To refute this, it is possible to use modern science and technology to bear the same reason, the same reason, or between human and animal. Above the first rebuttal of gay marriage based on viewpoint of humanity has been mentioned, the Confucian "Kejifuli". Why? There is an important reason for this. Is Confucianism as "ritual" is the difference between civilization and barbarism, that is to say, the "ceremony" is a person entering the product of civilization, if the "gift" to lose, then one is not the person. "Mencius IVB" said "people are different from those animals Jixi, Shumin, gentleman of the deposit. Shun Ming in all things, to observe human relations, by benevolence, energy-saving "[11] this is what. Here, "the ritual" to people with a restricted role, it will restricts the words and deeds of the people within the scope of the "ceremony", makes people do not like animals and their parents copulation. Therefore, if the marriage is to "love" as its essence and the ultimate destination, then it will lead to people and animals, children and parents, and so on. Thus, from the "ceremony" is concerned, homosexuality is not endorsed by the confucian.
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Three, the end of the language
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Above from Confucian marriage essence, benevolence, "home" concept and "Li" and the Confucian attitude to legalize gay marriage. From these aspects, it seems that Confucianism is not in favor of gay marriage, and even may be opposed by confucianism. In fact, after the United States announced the legalization of gay marriage, Chinese scholars have published a document shows that Confucianism is not possible in favor of gay marriage. Tongji University had also Professor argues that Confucianism is indeed to marriage as a fundamental political, but as the United States cited in the book of rites, Confucius is due to a misunderstanding of Confucius, if from the Confucian view of marriage, Confucianism is impossible to support gay marriage. Neo Confucian Jiang Qingye believes that the legalization of gay marriage is different, homosexuality is generally a natural factor and a small range of private problems, so the Confucian has always taken the attitude of tolerance. However, if it is a public issue of legitimacy, then Confucius will be held against the attitude of the. Jiang Qing also deeply analyzes the ideological and institutional causes of homosexuality and puts forward the ways to deal with it. He said:
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"The legalization of same-sex marriage produced in Western abstract the idea of equality of human rights and democracy and principles of, to the treatment of the legalization of same-sex marriage, it is necessary to critique of Western abstract the idea of equality of human rights and democracy and principles of. In terms of Confucianism, on the treatment of the legalization of same-sex marriage, in the ideological level, it is necessary to Confucian reflected the spirit of the "Rites" of substantive justice "critical manifestation of abstract justice" of "the spirit of human rights", to specific adoption of ideological criticism abstract universal equal rights thought, in order to protect the "missing matter" difference between the world of legitimacy, and guarantee the heaven and earth of all "natural arithmetic section of the article" shape of the original. " [12]
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As a result, Confucianism is against homosexuality. As a matter of fact, China has long been the mainstream of Chinese culture as a Confucian culture, in the domestic homosexuality is not a problem in the public domain. However, since the western culture came in, in recent years have gay marriage openly, and great in strength and impetus. Therefore, it is worthy of our reflection.
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Reference?
[1]?? ?????·?????????????[M].?????????????2008:292.
[1] Jacques Tilo, Keith Glassman. Ethics and life [M]. Beijing: World Book Publishing Company, 2008:292.
[3]????????[M].????????001:736.
[3] Wang Wenjin. The book of rites translation [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 001:736.
[4]????????[M].????????2001:913.
[4] Wang Wenjin. The book of rites translation [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2001:913.
[5]?????????????????? ??[M].?????????1953:1.
[5] Shalev J Kaya. Encyclopedia of the Soviet Union: marriage [M]. Beijing: People's publishing house, 1953:1.
[6]????????[M].????????1980:2.
[6] Yang Bojun. The Analects of Confucius "[M]. Beijing: China Publishing House, 1980:2.
[7]????????[M].????????1980:131.
[7] Yang Bojun. The Analects of Confucius "[M]. Beijing: China Publishing House, 1980:131.