? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????rigorous??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“???”?prescriptive???
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Abstract: This paper traces the origin, growth and development of descriptive translation studies, one of the most influential schools of thought in translation studies in the West today. Following a brief description of its major characteristics, the paper dwells on the school’s relevance to the Chinese translators. The point is made that the descriptive theory can explain the orientation of all kinds of translations, broaden the scope of the field of study and enrich the practice of translation in China.
Key words: prescriptive; descriptive; translation studies
?????????????????????norm?????????????timeless??????????????????????cognitive environment??????????????????????????“???????”?“????”?heavy structure??“????”?misleading???????????????Maria Tymoczko????????????????????????????????????????????????As a language art, translation has often been considered from the viewpoint of timeless linguistic rules (which has led to a normative tendency in the theory)…??[??????????????????????????“????”??????????????????????????????]?
????????????????????????????????????????????????50??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????“?”???????????????????????????????????????“??”?????????????????????????“??”??????????????????“????”????“??”??“??”??????????????????“???????????”???????????????????“??”??????????????????????Ulster cycle???????????????????????“??”??????????“??”????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????Maria Tymoczko????????“?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”?Descriptive translation studies—when they attend to process, product, and function—set translation practices in time and, thus by extension, in politics, ideology, economics, culture.????????????????????????????????????????????????Gideon Toury???????????“?????????????????????????????????????????????????”?a translation will be any target language text which is presented or regarded as such in a target system, on whatever grounds.??