????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Vaccination is to prevent chicken group of infectious diseases is one of the effective methods and immunization can success depended on not only in inoculated vaccine quality, inoculation procedures and immunization program external conditions, but also on chickens health, the body's immune response ability of internal factors, so vaccinated chicken group does not necessarily have to have a strong immunity. In recent years, the outbreak of infectious diseases in some immune chickens, causing greater losses to poultry production. According to the production practice and investigation and analysis in recent years, the factors that cause the failure of the chicken immune group and the prevention and control measures are introduced as follows.
1 ?????????
1 reasons for the failure of immunization of chickens
1. 1 ???? ???????????????
1.1 vaccine factors include the quality of the vaccine, transport, storage, etc..
??????????????????????????????????????????????
The poor quality of the vaccine, vaccine production process does not pass, vaccine bottle breakage or stopper loose save incorrectly, failure will result in the failure of immunization of chickens.
1. 2 ??????
1.2 immune process
1. 2. 1 ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? 15 ~30 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The cleaning and disinfection of the 1. 2. 1 inoculation apparatus: for vaccination syringes, needles, tweezers, dropper, dilution bottle and Sheng appliances should be carefully cleaned, and in boiling water for 15 to 30 minutes disinfection. Drinking water immunity, drinking fountains did not disinfect, cleaning or drinking water containing disinfectant will cause the immune failure or failure, and some even make the immunization into a virus spread, causing epidemic disease.
1. 2. 2 ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
1. 2. 2 vaccine quality check: before vaccination not carefully check use the type of vaccine is in line with the immunization program requirements, not carefully read the instructions for use, pay attention to matters and vaccine manufacturers recommend the use of methods, not on the use of vaccines by bottle check, especially the name, valid, sealing, breakage, moisture absorption, color, precipitation, foreign bodies, mildew and other.
1. 2. 3 ???????? ?????????????????????????????
2.3 1 vaccine dose determination: each vaccine has a specific dose, not according to the requirements will cause the immune failure.
1. 2. 4 ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Selection of 2.4 1 vaccine diluent: non sterile or contaminated dilution will cause vaccine contamination, the risk of disease causing. The direct use of chlorinated tap water diluted vaccine, the vaccine reduced immunogenicity, immune failure.
1. 2. 5 ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
1. 2. 5 of immune operation specification: not in the correct route of inoculation, such as subcutaneous injection of vaccine for intramuscular injection, nasal drops, eye drops of vaccine is not used in accordance with the provisions, drinking water before immunization is not confined to the water or drinking fountains add too much water, can cause immune failure.
1. 2. 6 ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
2.6 1 immune time limit: after the vaccine was taken out by the sun for a long time exposure or placed in a high temperature environment, or dilution process is not sterile operation, resulting in pollution. Or vaccination is not used within the prescribed time period, or not yet run out of the vaccine is not in a timely manner in the refrigerator.
1. 2. 7 ????????????????? ?????????? 2 ~ 3 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
1. 2. 7 before and after vaccination in environmental control and on-site treatment: active vaccination day or before and after 2 ~ 3 days for disinfection, and even the use of antibacterial, antiviral drugs, immune effect of the vaccine reduce and even failure of immunization. Discarded vaccine bottle, cap and the remaining vaccine throw, misplacing, pollution of the environment.
1. 3 ???? ?????????????????????????????????????
1.3 the immune procedure is not reasonable, not according to the local epidemic of chicken disease and the actual situation of the actual situation of the development of a reasonable immune procedure.
??????????????????????2 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
In establishing immunization procedure did not pay attention to the interference effect of vaccine, the two or more with mutual interference effect of the vaccine, immunization of the implications for vaccine, such as Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease.
1. 4 ???? ?????????????????
1.4 feed nutritional feed in the presence of fungal toxins, resulting in immune suppression.
1. 5 ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
1. 5 chickens body condition of disinfection and health care system is not perfect, sheds and surrounding environment exist in a large number of pathogenic microorganisms, the vaccine during chickens have a viral or bacterial infection, chickens in a non - health state. All of these will affect the vaccine effect, resulting in the failure of the immune.
2 ???????
2 prevention of immune failure
2. 1 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1 ??????????
2.1 purchase of vaccines should be selected when the state designated manufacturers to produce high-quality vaccine. Vaccination before the use of the vaccine to check the bottle, note that the vaccine is in the shelf life, whether the bottle is broken, sealing is tight, whether the vacuum bottle, there are 1 failed can not be used.
2. 2 ????????????????????????????????????????????????
2.2 vaccines should be kept and transported under specified conditions. Vaccine and diluent should be kept in accordance with the provisions of different temperature conditions, to avoid the sun and high temperature.
2. 3 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
2. To develop reasonable immune procedure, according to the local district or the epidemic prevalence and laws, disease history, varieties, days of age, level of maternal antibody and feeding and management conditions, and vaccine kinds, properties formulate a scientific and reasonable immune procedure, focus on the basis of immunity, and depending on the circumstances to adjust.
2. 4 ??????????????????????????????
2.4 before vaccination, the chickens should be checked to be healthy, and the healthy chickens should be vaccinated according to the standard.
2. 5 ?????????????????????????????????????
2.5 using the correct method of immune operation to ensure the quality of the immune. In strict accordance with the instructions for operation, shall not be changed at will.
2. 6 ?????????????????????????????????????????
2.6 establish and improve the epidemic prevention system, strengthen the feeding and management, to ensure the quality of feed, to prevent the contamination of other chemicals, such as mold toxins.
2. 7 ?????????????????????????????????????
2.7 after the use of the vaccine should be the remaining vaccine and vaccine bottles for safe and harmless treatment, can not be arbitrarily discarded, pollute the environment.
2. 8 ???????????????????????????????????????
2.8 the inoculation of poultry in the morning or evening is good, can reduce stress, while ensuring good sanitation, improve the immune effect.