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Design of peak experience in undergraduate engineering train

时间:2015-10-26 来源:未知 编辑:梦想论文 阅读:

In 1980s, there was a new type of experiencecourse capstone, which is a new type of undergraduate education reform in the United States. This type of course has been widely welcomed by European and American universities, students and employers, and has had a great influence on the [1-4]. peak experience in higher education reform, which is not only a kind of innovative teaching method, but also as a necessary learning experience for students, which has been accepted by more and more universities.

 

In order to introduce the peak experience course in engineering training, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the peak experience course, re design the engineering training teaching, and carries on the practice in the engineering training course of the undergraduate course of the basic industrial training center of Tsinghua University.

 

1 peak experience course

 

The (experience capstone) is a Moti-vation (Harold Maslow Human), which is proposed in the Theory of Psychological Review Abraham (self-actualization), which belongs to the level of needs A. Peak experience of the 3 dimensions are positive emotions, comfort and sense of accomplishment, stressed that the individual's subjective feelings of the individual action to promote the role of the individual, that is, the height of personal ability and self strength of the highly positive [5-6].

 

In 1998, the American Boyer research university undergraduate education committee issued a report entitled "reconstruction of undergraduate education: the United States research university development blueprint" Research Report [7], proposed university training should be full of exploration spirit and desire to solve the problem, with the clear thinking and skills to master the language of communication skills, has a wealth of experience in the talent.

 

The report for the United States research university undergraduate education in the seventh reform advice is to set the peak experience course. Peak experience is a general term for a class, the common goal of this course is to let the students get the peak experience. Peak experience course through the study of a certain degree of difficulty and depth of the project, undergraduate education in the relatively fragmented knowledge integration, so that undergraduate learning to a new height, so as to improve the ability of students to solve practical problems of the two peak experience in the United States of America, CSE498 and [9-10] ECE480, you can get the following signs of the course.

 

(1) on the purpose of teaching, the peak experience course focuses on training students' engineering knowledge, personal ability, teamwork ability and engineering system ability, as well as communication, writing and critical thinking and other non professional ability, emphasizing the students' comprehensive quality.

 

(2) in the course of teaching concept, the summit experience of the United States of America's famous education experts, the founder of the philosophy of pragmatism, Dewey proposed "do high school" teaching philosophy, through the work, so that students naturally learn the knowledge, so that students take the initiative, practice and teaching of the organic connection between the way of learning.

 

(3) in the course of teaching content, the peak experience of the general popular CDIO concept, curriculum design, design, implementation and operation of all aspects, reflect the whole process of project development.

 
(4) in the course of teaching methods, the peak experience is based on the project's teaching method, and the real subject of the project can be used to understand the social background and needs of the project, and to solve the problem. Interdisciplinary integrated curriculum can strengthen the mutual cross and penetration between subjects and majors, and promote the integration of students knowledge and the optimization of the structure of knowledge. Interdisciplinary education can enable students to think about a specific problem in a different way, expand their horizons and help stimulate students' creativity.

 

(5) in the course of the organization, the students' team work together. In the study of team cooperation, students must learn to draw strength from others and help each other to make up for the weak link, so as to complete the task of the respective.

 

2 peak experience course design in engineering training

 

Our country engineering training course in colleges is the origin in traditional engineering machinery specialty of metalworking practice. It is with our higher engineering education reform and development of new engineering practice teaching mode, has developed into a training process is an important part of practice teaching of undergraduate. Therefore, there is a close relationship between the natural and engineering training metalworking practice two. Tsinghua University's basic industrial training center is an undergraduate engineering training center of Tsinghua University, the teaching objective of the engineering training course is to impart knowledge to students, strengthen engineering practice ability, improve the comprehensive quality (including engineering quality), cultivate innovative spirit and innovative ability. Since the fall semester of 2012, Tsinghua University, basic industrial training center in engineering training course, the metalworking course teaching content reform, the peak experience introduction of metalworking practice and manufacturing engineering experience courses.

 

2.1 engineering training courses using the "8+X" structure

 

Engineering training courses have a clear teaching goal, the need to teach students knowledge, and at the same time for the introduction of the peak experience to increase the complexity of the training process. Therefore, the curriculum design into two sections: the first section is the basic process of training, a total of 8 days; the second part is a complex project training, in addition to the time of the class, but also need to be completed outside time, so with the time for X days. In the basic process of training, students need to learn the skills and operational skills of the production process, such as car, clamp, milling, welding, Ban Jin, casting and so on.

 

2.2 the teaching method of project guidance

 

Based on project teaching method and CDIO teaching idea is the important feature of the peak experience course [11]. will project guidance teaching method throughout the engineering training course of each teaching link, reflect the CDIO of all stages. In the basic process of the training of various types of training, using a simple project to guide the teaching method, these projects can be completed only by a single type of work, so it belongs to a simple project. Such as using a small hammer, fitter Turner training using small hammer, Xigong tower, the welding uses the box simple training project. In each type of project training, students have to go through the CDIO design, design, implementation, operation and other 4 stages. Complex project training phase, the use of robots, 3D printers and other complex mechanical and electrical system project. In the course of training, students also need to go through the idea of CDIO, design, implementation, operation and other 4 stages, the final completion of the entire complex mechanical and electrical system.

 

2.3 the use of multi discipline cross teaching project

 

The difficulty of the project and the breadth of knowledge are the important characteristics of the peak experience course. Only when students feel the pressure to complete the project, in order to make them have the psychological process of peak experience. In the exploration of engineering training course, the comprehensive and complex projects which include mechanical, electronic, measurement, control, management, computer and so on, which reflects the difficulty of the project and the breadth of knowledge, can not only promote the integration of students knowledge and optimize the structure of knowledge, but also expand the students' perspective, so that students can think in different ways of thinking and inspire greater creativity.

 

2.4 the teaching idea of "doing middle school"

 

Tsinghua University undergraduate engineering training course arrangement in the first grade and grade two, this stage of the students have no contact or contact with the professional course. In engineering training, the use of multi discipline cross the complex project, the students in the completion of the project process to learn the subject knowledge, such as mechanical, electronic, microcontroller, computer software (C language, Android Development) and other disciplines. In each discipline, students need to learn the principles, design, technology and other aspects of knowledge. In the exploration of engineering training course, students complete all knowledge of the complex project needs to be guided by the curriculum, so that students in the "learning".

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.5 the use of students in the form of team cooperation organization teaching

 

Team work to complete learning is another feature of the peak experience of the [12]. in the engineering training courses, the use of students' team to learn the way to complete the complex project. Each 6 students form a team and make a team leader. Each team is configured with the 1~2 name to guide the teacher, the course is called a coach, and the students' team's learning process is guided. The basic industrial training center also built a team training room, as a student to study the space support.

 

2.6 the form of the combination of the match and the course of Engineering Culture

 

In the course of engineering training, the students team through the completion of publicity, publicity video and other activities to build team culture, enhance team cohesion. In the completion of the project, the students understand the engineering project solution, the non uniqueness, artistic and other engineering culture. Engineering training courses are used in the form of competition and class, and students through the competition to complete the course of study and summary. In addition to the work of the student team submitted to the completion of the work of the mechanical and electrical system for the competition, but also to submit the project development report, project management reports, project technical reports and other documentation. Through the writing of the report, the ability of training students to analyze and sum up the problems and the ability to apply the writing skills. After the contest to set up the defense link, requiring students to use PPT to talk about the project, and to answer questions from the expert judges, in order to train students' ability to express.

 

The mental process of middle school students in the top 3

 

China's modern famous scholar Wang Guowei in Renjian Cihua said: "the ancient and modern into big business, universities asking will after three kinds of state: 'last night the west wind withered Bishu. The only high-rise, looking at the end of the road. This first territory also. 'my end is no regrets, for pining away.' This second environment is also. 'people in search of her 1000100 degreeses, suddenly look back, that person but in the lights dim.' This third environment is also." These three kinds of state are also the proper description of the peak experience course in engineering training.

 

Students are generally accustomed to the teaching of the teaching, not the habit of active learning model. When students receive a complex project, generally feel at a loss, at a loss. So students have to stand on HISTEP, look far, and choose their own goals, which is the first state of the Wang Guowei described.

 

Under the guidance of the coach, the students after careful analysis, thinking about the project, through the brain storm and other activities gradually have their own team of ideas, through the mapping of mind mapping completed the idea of CDIO stage. This is the beginning of Wang Guowei's description into the realm of the second. After that, the students began to design the system, and draw parts and assembly design, completed the design phase of CDIO. Then, the students according to the design drawings completed parts processing, complete the implementation phase of CDIO. At this time the student's mood will be very high, but also the most happy time. However, when all parts of the assembly is assembled and debugged, it can be found that the size and the tolerance can be considered to be insufficient, resulting in the assembly of the parts. At this time the student's mood fell into a trough, feel the pressure is very big. Then the students will be guided by the coach to analyze each problem and find solutions to solve one problem, the completion of the assembly. According to the process of the competition task is also very difficult process, students still have a lot of pressure.

 

When all the problems are solved, the students can understand the third realm of Wang Guowei description, then the students' psychological experience will reach the peak experience, performance is excited, excited, shocked, moved, happy and positive emotions; cool, relaxed, tired feeling, since I lost, put down the ideological burden, etc.. Achievement is the inevitable reflection of the transcendence of the self realization of altruism (individual, group and Society). It is the symbol of the peak experience.

 

4 teaching results analysis

 

On the basis of the completion of the project training course objective to introduce the peak experience course, is the foundation of Tsinghua University industrial training center in the past two years teaching research content. Since the fall of 2012, more than 210 students have participated in the new model of engineering training.

 

Through teaching practice, the author has realized that in the engineering training course, the author has introduced the peak experience, which can be taught to the students in the process of knowledge, to cultivate students' engineering skills, shape students' values, inspire students to seek knowledge, explore the truth of the internal power, so that students not only in the knowledge, ability, but also in the spirit, the ideological level, to improve.

 
From the teaching results can be seen:

 

(1) the peak experience is introduced into the engineering training course, students can accept and can get good learning effect, which is suitable for the summit experience. (2) in the new engineering training mode, students' learning enthusiasm greatly improved, can take the initiative to explore the knowledge and solve problems.

 

In the teaching practice, it is also found that the new engineering training model is still to be further studied, such as the students to carry out the project learning in the form of team. Compared with the traditional practice, in the new teaching mode, teachers need to put into the workload of a lot of, need more scientific arrangement of teachers.

 

References (References)

 

A.What is the best way to achieve broader reach of im-proved practices in higher education[J].Innovative higher [1]Kezar educa-tion 2011,19, (2): 244-255.

 

[2] Pan Jinlin, Gong put. Teaching methods reform: the new trend of undergraduate education reform in American research universities [J]. higher education research, 2008,29 (10): 87-91.

 

[3] Liu Shaoxue. From the Boyer (Boyer) Committee of the "3 years after the report" to see the American research university undergraduate teaching reform [J]. Chinese university teaching, 2004 (5): 62-64.

 

[4] Zheng Jinrong. The development of undergraduate teaching model in American research universities and its use in [J]. higher education, 2010 (1): 88-91.

 

[5] Huang Yingying, Wen hua. "Peak experience": a new exploration on the construction of College Students' practical ability [J]. Journal of Jiangsu University: higher education research edition, 2006 (3): 18-21.

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