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One preface
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The Zhuang nationality originates from the ancient people in the south of our country, mainly in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, especially in Nanning, Baise, Hechi and Liuzhou. They have their own unique language and culture, the belief is nature worship and the worship of spirits. [1] nature and spirits worship spawned many mysterious folk tales, has become an important part of the traditional culture of Zhuang nationality.
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The "special" digging "grave" is one generation after word of mouth, still known to every family of folk stories. "Dig" Zhuang transliteration, read Daeg3gud3, translating to "tail off the snake", "special" (Daeg3) words in Zhuang language refers to the generation of young men. Therefore, "dig" detail "young male tail snake". In addition, according to the word "grave" in the title of the story, Zhuang custom node, inferred the story time is roughly between lunar March 3rd to clear. The tail snake ("dig") what is the divine power, why Zhuang people to worship, so that every Qingming will be people to relive it again? Why the story happened in the Tomb Sweeping Festival? Does it imply special cultural orientation? To "dig" the story of sweep the tombs, can help solve these questions. Yung Hua king, as the teacher mentioned in the study, the folk stories "reflects the was some of the ideas in the folk and certain beliefs" [2], we want to from the tail snake, folk beliefs of Zhuang, and thus in contrast "dig" story can be spread so far culture basis.
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"Two" special "dig" story and sweep the tombs in the Zhuang spread
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, especially Zhuang Daming mountains area, for thousands of years to spread the story of the "dig" grave ", every tomb sweeping day," dig "will always be strong lift and with a sense of mystery. According to the Shanglin County of Guangxi province Nanning City, Tang Hong Township, a 55 year old Zhuang people about, "dig" story as follows:
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A long time ago, Hong Xiang in Shanglin County, Shimen Tong Village, lived a childless woman. The village water, and no water, so the woman had to go alone in the pond water. One day, women in the water bucket, inadvertently picked up a small snake. She immediately to the snake lake, but when she found the snake was back again to draw water in the bucket. So repeatedly, the women decided to take home the snake. Since then, women put the snake like a son, what to eat what to eat to feed the snake, also tell stories to listen to it. The snake is the "mother love", no matter where women go, always love behind the snake.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????“?”????????????????????? ? ??? ? ? ,?“Daeg3gud3”??????????“??”.“Daeg3”?“?”,????????????“gud3”?“?”,????????????rang2guann1,??????????????????“Me4Daeg3gud3”
A woman cut pig dishes in the kitchen, accompanied by the side of the snake, and wagging its tail. Unexpectedly the tail swing to the chopping block, women could not close hand, clicked the snake tail cut off a. Since then, this small snake will have a name, called Daeg3gud3 (Zhuang pronunciation, Chinese translation for "special dig". Daeg3 is "special", Zhuang is on behalf of the young men; gud3 "dig", Zhuang said tails off the snake, rang2guann1, meaning is tail off). Women are therefore called "Me4Daeg3gud3" by the villagers"
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(the Chinese pronunciation, translated as "mother special dig", namely the tail snake's mother). "Dig" especially capable, often help the mother to do housework. Even more amazing is still a great plague, saved all the villagers to find an antidote!
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At the beginning of the two year of the lunar calendar in March, ninety-nine year old mother died, especially digging "tail snake very sad. The next day, "dig" method, the moment during a violent thunderstorm, a huge tornado from the sky scraping a fine mahogany casket.
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"Dig" will be buried in the mountains after the mother encoffined, cliff. The annual festival, "dig" into a lightning storm, mother worship.
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Although the details of the story in the air are different, but the snake god home to worship the "mother" of this plot is similar. According to the local Zhuang people in March and April, the total, then a few days will be blowing a huge tornado, accompanied by thunder and lightning storm to tiles on the roofs. Every time, the elderly always thoughtfully read, "Daeg3gud3 home grave." Filled with awe. So, every family began to busy preparing worship matters. Now, in the Zhuang, perhaps has no many people can in such detail to complete a whole story, however, a reference to Daeg3gud3 home grave, their brain and will emerge out of a stormy, a call Daeg3gud3 tail of the snake god back to his mother's grave, so every year, has never been interrupted. Story has been simplified, but stories of divine inspiration still, Zhuang people in the ancestral grave as a top priority for life in the gods back to the tombs, people will slack?
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Three folk beliefs reflected in the story
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Zhuang people live in the mountains around the block hills plain, with each other and speak the language of the Zhuang nationality, with the unique ethnic beliefs of the Zhuang people. From the story of the "dig" grave ", we can explore to see Zhuang folk with Deity and worship of ancestors of strong belief in worship.
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1 worship God
“??”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“???????????????????????????????????????????????????60%?????????‘???????',?????????????????????????????????????????????????????”[3]
"Dig" story, women a day fetching water, Tan occasional snake snake turned into rain and plot, and Zhuang of special water complex is closely linked. Zhuang people worship the water first to lack, in the book a brief history of Zhuang mentioned: "Zhuang area karst area and wide distribution, especially in the western area of Guangxi Zhuang communities and bare karst landform accounted for more than 60% of the land area of the local. Karst landform is' nine stone a earth ', can be described as contemporary human survival conditions the bad one of the regions, poor production conditions, even the people and livestock drinking water are difficult to guarantee, which seriously restricts the development of the local economy. " [3]
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Story "Shi Men Cun, probably is such a serious water shortage in the karst area, however, Zhuang generation to farm for a living, the planting of rice and other crops need large amounts of water for irrigation. Therefore, story to women a day fetching water for the beginning, and then leads to tan encountered snake Daeg3gud3 this situation, rather than in the mountains or field encountered Xiaoyi. Therefore, the story of the story is in accordance with the specific circumstances of the survival of the Zhuang and set, in line with the principle of human feelings. When the story has a certain authenticity, rich life, are more likely to be remembered, accept the word of mouth mouth.
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The Zhuang people of the water complex further into the worship of water god. "Dig", the tail snake, is to act as a "water" role. This is a "humanization" of God. In women's lack of children, "dig" played a role in the mother to take care of; this is a salvation of God, in the plague saved all the people; is a god rainmakers, story ending strengthened the divine power, wind rain thick buried mother, every year in the spring and in the form of wind and rain appeared worship his mother. At the same time to meet the people the spring season of water demand. In the Zhuang people's eyes, "dig" this "Arethusa" seems to be omnipotent deity, shakers, uming disaster, people worship it, and to tell the story of honor and praise it. Today, Shanglin County, Tang Hong Xiang Shi Men Cun is local Zhuang people as "dig" and his mother's hometown. Every March the third or the Qingming Festival, people have spontaneously there to worship the deity in the hearts of the Zhuang "dig" and his mother, to pray for a year of good weather with peace and happiness.
2.????
2 ancestor worship
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"Special dig" story, but also reflects the strong ancestor worship of the Zhuang folk beliefs. In the story, the special account of women had no children, so that she died after death has become a big problem for unmanned. To worship as life in the top priority of the Zhuang people, unable to face no son nail in the coffin of the sorrow, thus causing the women the tail of a snake when to raise his son of the plot. At the end of the story, "special dig" Shi method above and other mahogany coffin buried his mother, the myth of the description of the technique, but also greatly meet the Zhuang people on the thick burial practices.
????????????????????????????????????????“?????”?gift as bribe?????“???????????????????’??????????????‘”[4]
Zhuang ancestors worship, retains the traditional ritual view: in addition to the ancestors from the bottom of my heart, miss, awe, with "gifts" (gift as bribe) tendency, mutually beneficial relations between "emphasize those who worship and sacrifice, that is, 'I will give you; in return, you also gave me. '[4]'
?????David Keightley???????????????????????????????????????“??”????????????“???”,???????????????
According to Ji Dewei (David Keightley). In Chinese traditional concept, correct appropriate sacrifice can draw gods reward. This theory can explain "dig" story in folk spread variation of "modern version", according to Tang Hong villagers description, the plot is roughly as follows:
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One night, a businessman from the "Me4Daeg3gud3" (tail snake mother) walked near the cemetery, encounter bandits. The crisis, when a sudden gust of wind, and away the bandits, businessmen narrowly escaped unharmed.
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Businessmen think is "dig" his mother coming out to save him, grateful, "dig" mother rebuild the tomb, often worship. The merchant business bigger and bigger, soon a rich side. So before and after cottage even outside the merchant heard also numerous offerings to worship Me4Daeg3gud3 (now known as the "dragon mother).
??????????“???”??????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”.??“??”,????“??”????“Ai2Shrei2”? ????????????????????????????????“??”.“??”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”????????????????
Now, more and more people to "worship grave worship, both wealth, are praying, seeking fame, people say the spirit. In addition, in Shanglin County, the Zhuang inhabited places, almost every household have their worship of the "diocese. The so-called" kodo "is after" male "(Zhuang called" Ai2Shrei2) idea, placed on the walls of the hall worship and Taiwan, this in accordance with the customs to high to the top of the door, and is called "diocese." kodo "placed for the sacrifice censer, posted on the wall lingfu. This is the Zhuang people Fengnianguojie most frequently at home to worship ancestors of the church, is the daily life of ancestral communication spirit. The Zhuang people believe that fathers did not leave, and has a very strong power to bless them, often to worship, the need for timely communication with the ancestors, the ancestors to help them fulfill a wish. Thus, the strong ancestor worship of the Zhuang, for the "special dig" the story of the spread of the most abundant supply of soil.
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Four conclusion
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The "special" dig "grave" of the folk stories in the Zhuang region for thousands of years of endless rumors. Called "dig" tail of the snake god, very magical color, after entering the Han culture, "dig" of for dragon image and its parent ("dragon mother) continue to be local people's worship. "Dig" the story reflects the folk belief in the God of water and strong ancestor worship. Story spread so far, it shows that the current Zhuang, since ancient times, the folk beliefs are still active, and the belief itself, but also become the most popular story of the intrinsic driving force.
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Reference
[1]????????????????---??????????[M].????????????????1989:1-2.
[1] Chen Qinghao. Wang Qiugui. China folk stories - Guangxi folk tales (two) [M]. Taipei: Yuanliu publishing Limited by Share Ltd, 1989:1-2.
[2]?????????????---??????[C].?????????????2013:304.
[2] Jin Ronghua. Zen koan and folk tales, folk literature in New Taipei City: [C]. Oral Literature Press, 2013:304.
[3]??????????????[M].?????????2008:3.
The writing group [3] "Zhuang history". A brief history of Zhuang [M]. Beijing: National Publishing House, 2008:3.
[4]???????????????????[J].?????????1991?6??151.
[4] Chen Ning. The generation of the concept of fate that can not be changed by [J]. Chinese Journal of philosophy research newsletter, 1991 (6): 151