The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that we should implement the new strategy of expanding employment, improve the ability of independent innovation, and build an innovative country, so as to promote employment, and make more workers to become entrepreneurs. Eighteen major reporting requirements of the party:
In order to improve the ability and quality of innovation and entrepreneurship, we should do a good job in the employment of college graduates, and actively implement the policies to promote employment and promote entrepreneurship. Entering in twenty-first Century, innovation and entrepreneurship has become the driving force for the economic development of the countries, and promote the progress of science and technology and the prosperity of the country. As the higher education institutions, the innovation and entrepreneurship education has become the important content of the higher education institutions of higher education institutions.
At present, the innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities is still in the primary stage, there are some problems. For example, the lack of institutional measures and funding for college students in Colleges and universities is not high, the quality of the teachers is not high, and the society has not yet formed a positive and encouraging environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, and the establishment of a link between the University and the enterprise needs to be improved. Therefore, in the new situation, to do a good job of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities to improve the quality of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities to solve the current difficulties in innovation and entrepreneurship, the realization of the party's eighteen proposed to achieve the high quality of college students employment goals has important practical significance and long-term significance.
A new model of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and Universities
Universities as an important base for cultivating outstanding talents, bear the important responsibility of cultivating students' pioneering ability, innovation spirit and innovation consciousness. Set up the innovation and entrepreneurship education concept, improve the environment of innovation and entrepreneurship, build the curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship education, and promote the construction of teachers' team is the basic link of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities.
(a) set up "the whole staff, pay attention to the individual" innovation and entrepreneurship education idea
Concept is the guide of practice, it guides practice, and promote the practice of the target close to the target. Innovation and entrepreneurship education is an inevitable trend of higher education reform in china. [2] innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities is full of people, the group is all students, while there are differences, with the characteristics of personality, "for the full, concerned about the individual" is the organic combination of full and individual.
Innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities is a kind of deep education reform, which is not only to enhance the college students' consciousness, ideas, skills, comprehensive quality and creativity, but also enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of college students in the employment process. At the beginning of the new entrance, the university should pay attention to the cultivation of their entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurial concepts, tap the potential of their business.
(two) improving the environment for the innovation and entrepreneurship education of "financial security and the implementation of the system"
Innovation and entrepreneurship environment in a certain extent determines the effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities need to improve the hard environment and soft environment support. Hard environment mainly includes funding, innovation and other facilities, the soft environment, including the implementation of the relevant policies of innovation and entrepreneurship, the campus cultural atmosphere, etc.. The perfection of hard environment and soft environment not only requires the university leaders to pay enough attention, but also needs the entire education and management staff to create together. Hard environment requires the government, society, schools, enterprises and other multi input, financing, so that teaching facilities in place; soft environment requires a long time to cultivate. Colleges and universities can effectively use the students' community to create a strong campus innovation and entrepreneurship culture, such as to encourage entrepreneurs Association, innovation club and other students' community initiative to create innovative entrepreneurship forum, innovation and entrepreneurship seminars, entrepreneurial skills competition, innovation ability training and other activities, so that students in the activities gradually develop their own innovation and entrepreneurship.
(three) the establishment of the curriculum system of the innovation and entrepreneurship education in the course of "subject integration and the whole optimization"
One of the important carriers of university students' innovation and entrepreneurship education is the innovation and entrepreneurship education curriculum. The curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities should focus on the study of knowledge in various disciplines, such as economics, psychology, intellectual property, management, etc..
Curriculum content should contains the entrepreneurial skills and innovative spirit to the point of knowledge, and according to the students with different academic background is to carry out education, such as for liberal arts majors focus on creative education, for the students of engineering majors focus on skill education, college students of different grades also should be disaggregated, differ, be focused.
(four) promoting the construction of innovation and Entrepreneurship of "team building and teaching reform"
Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a kind of comprehensive and strong education mode with the characteristics of the times. It needs to have a high theoretical knowledge, rich experience in R & D and management. At present, the innovation and entrepreneurship teaching in Colleges and universities of our country are the teachers of the students work department and the employment department. Therefore, universities need to consider in the long term, strengthen the construction of teachers' team. First, the invitation of the school's teacher, experts, business person in charge of the business for the teachers to carry out entrepreneurial training. The second actively recommend teachers went to enterprises on attachment training, entrepreneurship practice to increase teachers' experience, and combining the teaching theory and practice, enrich the teaching content, implementation of the teachers' training of "please come in, going out" policy. Third, in the teaching mode, the university should encourage interactive, inquiry, discussion type of teaching mode, guide teachers to participate in entrepreneurship as the goal, and more than a set of disciplines to build the entrepreneurial team, to encourage teachers to study in the middle school, to enhance teaching ability in learning. Fourth, the university can combine local resources to set up the innovation and entrepreneurship tutor expert information database, and open to students, to facilitate the exchange and communication between students and teachers.
Two, the construction of diversified university innovation and entrepreneurship education practice system
Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a practical education activity, which is a practical system for the construction of diversified innovation and entrepreneurship education.
(a) to build the school enterprise cooperation platform
Schools need to strengthen cooperation with enterprises, relying on local business resources, especially professional counterparts of the alumni resources, build school enterprise cooperation platform, the establishment of school students innovation and entrepreneurship practice base. Colleges and universities can use the summer vacation to organize college students to the enterprise practice base in the short term of practice, the field to participate in business management, corporate culture, to get practical experience. School enterprise cooperation can also provide a convenient for the enterprise to recruit outstanding graduates, to achieve a win-win. Now the common practice of university enterprise cooperation is: in the big three, big four, guide students to enter the enterprise to carry out the practice of training, training students innovation ability, this is a kind of entrepreneurial experience class practice base.
(two) improving the competition practice platform
The base mainly refers to the University, the provincial and national level of innovation and entrepreneurship education practice base, for students to participate in all kinds of innovation and entrepreneurship competition provide practice environment and infrastructure. Such as the colonel of the innovation practice studio, entrepreneurial design contest venue, the Challenge Cup "entrepreneurship competition base and mentor laboratory, these infrastructures have innovation entrepreneurship basic quality and passion of students provide personalized, professional guidance, also provide some financial support. Now some college run enterprises and school science and technology park also as the internal innovation and entrepreneurship students practice base and incubation base, to provide students a variety of competition provide guidance.
(three) set up a good example of a business
An effective way of Ideological and political education is a typical tree, play the role of education and peer model. Colleges and universities can also play a role model for the role of propaganda, the invitation has been a successful graduate students to open lectures, to carry out the business promotion, to provide a model for college students, in the campus to create a strong entrepreneurial atmosphere, and encourage more students to participate in entrepreneurial practice.
(four) strengthening the construction of innovation and Entrepreneurship
With the rapid development of economy and society, the competition in the future will be the team competition, which is the competition of the whole strength. Therefore, the innovation and Entrepreneurship of college students need to keep pace with the times, and actively set up a variety of innovative and entrepreneurial practice team. Colleges and universities should be organized by a variety of team competition, the selection of the development potential of the team, to give hardware and software focus support, encourage them to participate in projects, more than the results. Schools can also guide students to set up a suitable innovation and entrepreneurship team according to their specialty and specialty, combined with their own interests, with the background of subject and the research project as the backing of innovation and entrepreneurship training.
Three, establish and improve the system of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and Universities
To meet the economic and social development and the students' individual growth of innovation and entrepreneurship education guarantee mechanism, not only can guarantee the smooth development and implementation of personnel training, but also to promote scientific research and social services and other functions of colleges and universities to provide a clear direction of development, so that its rapid and healthy development, and gradually form a system, serve the community.
(a) government top-level design and policy support
Government is the formulation of the policy, the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities can not be separated from the support of government policies and regulations and funding support. Government departments should attach great importance to innovation and entrepreneurship education, in the policies and regulations set up overall situation, clear and innovative ideas, the construction direction and specific initiatives. For example, the government should strengthen the construction and implementation of the relevant laws and regulations, and provide the corresponding system support for the innovation and entrepreneurship education. The relevant agencies should simplify the approval process of the venture project, the development of the corresponding business loans, business incentives and other incentives to actively organize relevant personnel to provide free business training guidance, advice, counseling and other related business services. In addition, the government should increase the intensity of capital investment, to set up the venture fund for the entrepreneurs, expand the benefit of the venture capital, and establish the intermediary organizations of the non - profit organizations, provide the theory and practice guidance for the entrepreneurs.
(two) the protection of public opinion
At present, the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education is still limited to the education sector, especially in Colleges and universities, but also has not formed a full range of recognition, and the development level of innovation and entrepreneurship education in various regions are not the same, with some differences.
In order to implement the development strategy of innovation and entrepreneurship education, we should form a new environment of innovation and entrepreneurship education, which is the government agency, the education sector as the main body, the whole society pay attention and support. Related departments should be through QQ, microblogging, everyone network, micro channel and other network carriers to the community wide publicity and innovation and entrepreneurship education, so that the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship rooted in every young heart, become their conscious behavior, so that innovation and entrepreneurship become the responsibility of the times, historical mission, to create a good social environment for innovation and entrepreneurship education.
(three) cooperation and support of enterprises
Cooperation between universities and enterprises has been an important part of the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities, this link needs to get help and support of the enterprise. The enterprise can provide the place, the work content, the goal direction, the achievement appraisal and the fund support and the service for the university student 's innovation and entrepreneurship research and the practice.
At present, some enterprise cooperation is limited to enterprises to provide financial support for schools, such as the establishment of the enterprise name of innovation and entrepreneurship fund, the degree of cooperation between enterprises and colleges is not enough. Colleges and universities should strengthen exchanges and communication with enterprises, and a large number of professional counterparts to establish long-term and long-term cooperative relations, the establishment of College Students' practice and build a base for innovation and entrepreneurship education to create more and better opportunities and conditions for the choice of external opportunities, so that enterprises are more involved in the process of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities. At the same time, enterprises can according to their own needs, choose to meet the requirements of enterprise development, corporate culture and corporate culture of excellence in the university graduates to enter the enterprise work, to achieve a win-win cooperation between school and enterprise.
(four) home school interaction, to strive for the support of parents of students
The development of various undertakings in Colleges and universities can not do without the cooperation of the students' parents, and the students' innovation and entrepreneurship education needs the support of parents. Family is an important spiritual support and material support for the growth of college students. It plays an important role in the formation of the ideal and idea of university students. Innovative and entrepreneurial activities of college students need their own innovative spirit, entrepreneurial intention, the need for college students ability and quality of the training, but also need to give parents to give affirmation and support. Therefore, the school should actively and students to communicate with parents, parents of students innovation and entrepreneurship and support, give full play to the role of family education, training students to be innovative, aggressive, daring to fight the will character, with the smooth implementation of the school innovation and entrepreneurship practice.
Four, set the grade as the dimension of innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
Innovation and entrepreneurship education throughout the university learning process, step by step, have a beginning and an end. In the first stage, college students are in the initial stage of college study and life behavior habit. The university should start to innovate and start education in the freshman year, open university students' career development and employment guidance course.
In the two stage, in order to develop students' creative thinking and spirit, we should set up the interdisciplinary curriculum, such as economics, marketing, management, psychology, intellectual property and so on. At the same time, we should guide students to participate in the existing project of teachers. In the three and four stages, the college students are in the process of innovation and entrepreneurship education. In addition to continuing to open university students' career development and employment guidance courses, the students should be recommended to practice and participate in the development and management. At this stage, students can also participate in various kinds of innovation and entrepreneurship competition, business management and business management courses, training their practical skills and proactive, bold and innovative spirit of the character. Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a lifelong education, the university stage is only a part, and each learning stage is a step by step, continuous optimization of the process, the students through the university curriculum learning, and gradually master the basic rules and methods of innovation and entrepreneurship.
The education department in the "improve the quality of higher education," the report pointed out that an important part of the education of college students is innovation and entrepreneurship education, in the process of personnel training to strengthen and improve the innovation and entrepreneurship education, and through the whole process of higher education, to achieve innovation and Entrepreneurship in the country's home building for talent training. University teachers should cultivate innovative entrepreneurship and ability of college students as the important duty of work, to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream and struggle.
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