Practical teaching is an indispensable link in the teaching system of management in Colleges and universities. It is important to improve students' comprehensive quality and cultivate students' practical ability and innovative spirit. Economic management specialty has obvious cross, relevance and common [2]. The development of the discipline is a trend of continuous crossover and integration. The contents of the economic and social aspects have been deeply involved in all aspects of the economic and social development, and the boundaries between the course and the course and the subject of [3]. At present, China's economic management practice teaching around the professional development, the lack of interaction between different majors, students can only get the knowledge and skills related to the professional, the lack of understanding of the enterprise's business processes, can not effectively meet the needs of enterprises for complex talent. Under the big background of how the current economics and management disciplines cross fusion, breaking the professional limitation, promote the reform of curriculum, College of economics and management specialty practice teaching needs to study urgently.
1. The current situation and existing problems of practical teaching of economic management
The practical teaching of economic management in our country is developed based on the experience of foreign countries. Europe and the United States management practice teaching after years of development have constructed a complete system of practical teaching system, such as: American management service learning practice teaching system mainly includes classroom practice, laboratory simulation experiment, extracurricular practice and school practice part 4 content; German teaching in practice of school enterprise as the main body established management of cooperative teaching system; Britain adopted a "learning the study - Practice -" "sandwich" model, the establishment of alternating reformatory practice teaching system [4]. The practical teaching system of economic management in our country is mainly in the form of "inside + outside, inside and outside school".
Due to the continuous development of economic and management disciplines, and the integration of the trend, only to a single enterprise internship, it is difficult for students to have a thorough understanding of the entire industry, and through the construction of school practice base, to build a small industrial clusters, the need to invest a large amount of capital, the university is also difficult. Therefore, whether it is through the cooperation between school and enterprise carrying out internship, or construction of campus training base to carry out the experimental teaching of Quanzhen, for domestic colleges and universities exist some problems or difficulties [5]. In this case, the cost is relatively low, the applicability of a wide range of simulation based simulation platform for teaching, and become an important way to carry out the practice teaching of colleges and universities in our country. But in the course of its development, this kind of practice teaching methods also appear many problems, mainly reflected in the following 3 aspects:
(1) simulation platforms are independent of each other. At present, the construction of many colleges and universities in the country to take the design of the simulation platform, the design of the experimental platform, for the specific content of the course, to build a simulation platform, the platform is independent from each other [6]. Based on this idea, the simulation platform can only simulate the specific business development process, can not be on the downstream work process as a whole to allow students to practice, resulting in students through the simulation platform is isolated knowledge points and operational skills, it is difficult to learn the knowledge of the system. Such as the basic accounting experiment, with the aid of the simulation platform, students can only in isolated static environment complete establishment of books, fill in the audit accounting vouchers and other operations, to its balance of payments and enterprise combination, differ greatly with the actual business enterprise.
(2) the practice curriculum has not become a system. In the current management of the professional teaching system, practical courses are often set around the professional curriculum, there is no combination of business needs to carry out business from the perspective of improving students' comprehensive ability to design and planning [7]. Taking the electric power business and financial management as an example, in the real business environment, the development of electronic commerce can not be separated from the support of financial management, the two closely linked. Practical teaching courses are not planned, but will be the 2 practical courses as the application and extension of the electronic commerce course and the financial management course. This practical curriculum arrangement is better able to strong chemical students' professional knowledge, but the students through the practice of the knowledge learned by the students independently, the knowledge points can not be connected in series as a system, resulting in students' professional knowledge in the industry for the lack of mutual understanding of the business and the lack of cognitive [8], after graduation difficult to quickly integrate into the enterprise.
(3) the data environment failed to simulate. Simulation is based on real cases and real-time dynamic financial data, through the comprehensive management of theoretical knowledge to establish a simulation model to simulate the real business and management activities. At present, the simulation platform is built to improve the hardware level of the practical platform, the use of financial data for the simulation platform are less concerned, the use of the financial data for artificial settings. Taking the ERP simulation platform as an example, the teaching method is based on the curriculum needs to set up the scale of enterprises, the number of people, the production capacity, etc., after the students to group, according to the guidance of teachers to carry out simulation. The whole process of the simulation practice teaching is carried out in the financial environment of the teachers' assumption, lack of the support of real time financial data, from the reality. The simulation platform has played a role of "simulation" and failed to play the role of "simulation".
(4) many colleges and universities are still in the practice of teaching and management in the past mode, to case teaching, the teaching of teachers in advance to prepare the relevant cases, and let the students in the classroom to discuss and operate on the case of the case, the teacher is commented, after the students completed the experiment report [9-10]. Although this teaching method allows students to participate in the practice, but the students can only analyze the practice of the enterprise, the extent of the actual participation is low, and the disadvantages are obvious.
Because of the above reasons, it is difficult to simulate the practical teaching of economic management and the teaching effect is not good. In view of this, to make full use of the simulation platform to improve the practical teaching quality, Beijing Institute of Technology management and economic college to try to build a comprehensive simulation of management and management platform, to carry out the management of cross professional practice teaching, in order to shorten the gap between the management of personnel training and business needs to provide an effective method.
2, the construction of the practical teaching platform of management and management
The practical teaching platform of economic management and management is the basis of the comprehensive practice teaching, which can accommodate different professional students in the simulation environment, and carry out the simulation exercise. The practical teaching platform construction goal is to make use of real-time financial data, through multi platform collaboration to play a role, the role of the overall simulation of business processes, the students in the operation of a deep understanding of enterprise management in the financial, sales, procurement, inventory, production, quality control, human resources and other internal business processes, to break the barriers between professional, the theoretical knowledge learned in the classroom from a fragmented, comprehensive understanding of a set of manufacturing, service, financial, retail and other diversified business model.
Around this goal, we have carried on the design to the overall mentality of the teaching platform construction of the integrated simulation of management and economics. For the problem of platform independence, the integration of the practice teaching platform with a single function, and a comprehensive simulation experiment platform which integrates the internal management and the external supply chain. In view of the problems of practical courses, according to the needs of enterprise business, according to the industry to re - divide the practical courses, to build a comprehensive practical teaching curriculum. Cooperation with financial data Service Corporation, to provide real-time financial data for business simulation. Through the above 3 measures to solve the current economic and management professional practice platform independent and practical courses lack of system, platform data environment failed to simulate these three problems, improve the quality of practical teaching.
2.1, platform construction scheme
The practical teaching platform of economic management and management is based on the real time financial data, simulating the real enterprise organization form, and creating the simulation environment for the students. As a producer of value and the realization of the value of the industry, the production and manufacturing enterprises are more comprehensive and typical of the enterprise operation and management of the general rules of [11]
, but the commodity circulation industry in recent years, the rapid development, the talented person demand. Therefore, we build a comprehensive simulation platform for manufacturing industry and commodity circulation industry. Taking manufacturing industry as an example, the simulation platform is the core of manufacturing enterprises, which is composed of many students. The production and manufacturing enterprises, in the form of 3D to show the enterprise's external transactions, while the ERP software as the enterprise internal management platform, students are playing the role of financial management, procurement, sales, production, warehouse, product management, human resources, etc., to simulate the operation of production enterprises in financial management, supply chain management, production management, human resource management, customer relationship management and other business. Production and manufacturing enterprises will be involved in the operation of other economic organizations, in order to cooperate with its business, in the production of manufacturing enterprises, the simulation of the upstream raw material suppliers and downstream customers sales channels, the third party logistics industry as a whole, the industry chain. At the same time in the industry to set up commercial banks, industrial and commercial bureau, tax bureau, customs and other agencies, each institution is a student management, CO simulation of the complete production and manufacturing industry environment.
Comprehensive simulation practice teaching platform using the Cathay Pacific security global financial information analysis system to obtain real-time financial data, for students to create the most realistic environment, through the simulation of the main participants in the business process, so that students have a comprehensive understanding of the manufacturing industry. The architecture of the integrated simulation platform for manufacturing and manufacturing is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1 production and manufacturing industry in the simulation platform architecture
2.2, platform Curriculum
Referring to the business development process, we will be involved in the operation of enterprises in the course of the professional course, to build a comprehensive practical courses, strengthen the link between different courses. For manufacturing industry and commodity circulation industry, the practice of curriculum restructuring, divided into the production and manufacturing industry integrated curriculum and integrated curriculum of the commodity circulation industry 2 business direction, the curriculum is shown in table [1].
Table 1 the curriculum setting of the integrated practical teaching of management and management
In the course of economic management, the students have a solid foundation in advance. Therefore, the curriculum of the integrated simulation teaching platform is suitable for the students to complete the basic courses and professional courses. At present, the undergraduate college graduates' job search time is concentrated in the seventh semester. In order to make the practical courses in the students' employment and ensure that students have enough time to cover the job, the practice of our hospital in the sixth semester, in the form of practice, a total of 42 hours. Which the course into 2 hours, the rules on the 2 hours, the formal experiment 30 hours, 8 hours to guide the review.
In order to meet the students in the school curriculum, based on the comprehensive simulation of practical teaching platform for the whole school open elective courses, to achieve the integration and integration of different disciplines, to lay a solid foundation for the future of students internship and work.
2.3, platform teaching method
The teaching method of simulating the operation of the comprehensive practice teaching, namely, the students in the teacher's guidance for enterprise situation design, through the role played in the simulation platform to achieve the competition game, simulation of the actual operation of the enterprise. Students can be grouped according to their own wishes to set up the company and the management department, a number of companies with the same type of competition, each company free business, in order to form the task of driving the company's business, in the virtual electronic commerce platform for transactions.
Integrated curriculum of commodity circulation industry in our hospital, for example, in the integrated simulation platform provided by suppliers, dealers, distributors, supermarkets, logistics companies and other simulation market. Logistics enterprises as the core, other organizations, such as commercial banks, mainly to cooperate with logistics companies to carry out a relatively complete business activities and set up. Business connection between the various parts of the market. For the same types of institutions, such as operators, set allows a number of operators to office at the same time, a large field laboratory; for different types of organizations, in accordance with the needs of its function of different layout of the site, and distinction, to create a simulation of commodity circulation industry combat scenes. To ensure the simulation environment as close as possible to reality, the selection of financial data are from the Cathay Pacific security global financial information analysis system, which involves the transaction through simulation. The students should take into account the competition of the same type of organization, and take into account the cooperation between the upstream and downstream organizations, from the perspective of enterprise managers to conduct market analysis and develop business strategies to obtain economic benefits. After the end of the operation, by comparing the results of different companies in the same industry, the students can find out the problems in their management. This learning method in solving the problem of students lack of practical problems, but also to the students in the business process of internal and external cooperation to form a more clear understanding.
3, management and management of comprehensive simulation practice teaching platform implementation effect analysis
School of management and Economics School of management and economics of comprehensive simulation practice teaching platform was founded in 2009, trying to rely on the platform to break the traditional training system of management and management of the building model, construct the integrated design of the management and management of major (Professional), large platform (practice), large data (Research), and explore new models of economic management practice teaching. After several years of development, the construction of the teaching platform of integrated simulation practice teaching platform has achieved remarkable results.
(1) a comprehensive simulation platform is established to realize the simulation of industrial chain. Through the construction of the practical teaching platform, the platform is integrated in the past. The simulation platform can only simulate the production process of the manufacturing industry. The simulation system can simulate the whole industrial chain.
(2) the construction of comprehensive practical courses, so that more closely linked to the course. Based on the practice teaching platform, we have carried out a comprehensive and comprehensive practice course in our college. We have built a comprehensive course of the 2 business sectors, the manufacturing industry and the commodity circulation industry.
(3) provide real-time financial data, enhance the simulation results. Our hospital and Shenzhen Tai'an Information Technology Co., Ltd., the depth of cooperation, and jointly build a financial laboratory. The financial laboratory is equipped with a global financial information analysis system, which can provide global and domestic real time stocks, funds, bonds, exchange rate, foreign exchange, stock index futures, commodity futures, and macro economic data and industry data, etc.. Our hospital also building computer simulation laboratory and sand table simulation laboratory, and is equipped with a simulated trading match system, China Financial Research Database of enterprise innovation, talent management and human resources evaluation system and sand table simulation and ability hoisting system, making the simulation environment and the real business environment as close as possible to, has laid a solid foundation for the simulation of practice teaching.
(4) with the aid of the integrated simulation of management and management, the professional students, such as the organization of business administration, marketing, accounting, international economic and trade, public enterprise management, etc., are divided into the main body of the production and circulation industry. Only in 2013, there are 15 teachers and more than 500 students to participate in, and the publication of the enterprise merger and acquisition experimental textbook, a remarkable results, but also for me to check the management of professional and comprehensive practice teaching model of further exploration provides a valuable experience.
4, concluding remarks
Taking the social and economic development needs as the goal, the employment oriented training of high quality compound talents is a new subject in the teaching of economic management in Colleges and universities, and practical teaching is an important part of [12]. In view of the existing problems of the traditional management and the practical needs of social and economic development, exploring the new teaching mode is the urgent demand of the present. Construction management and management of comprehensive simulation practice teaching platform, the various independent professional chain, to carry out a variety of social forms of social practice, has shown positive results in practice. However, the content of economic management disciplines, such as rapid development, rapid development of interdisciplinary and comprehensive practice teaching assessment system is not perfect and so on. It is also a challenge to the practical teaching of management and management.
References (References)
[1] Ni Ziyin Yu Shulan. Discussion on the teaching reform, the professional practice of economicmanagement [J]. Market Weekly: Study Edition, 2005 (Suppl 3): 110-112.
[2], Jiang Wenyang, Yuan Feng. Study on zhti Aimin, [J]. work of university laboratory management interdisciplinary comprehensive training, 2012 (3): 23,47.
[3] Jin Tao, Chen Yuan. Management specialty practice teaching on the characteristics and development trend of [J]. Chinese higher education, 2012 (Suppl 1): 71-72.
River tide [4], to the country. College of economics and management specialty practice of modern teaching literature research: a review [J]. Contemporary education theory and practice, 2011 (8): 56-59.
[5] Liu Yufeng, Li Jiannan, Li Chunhui. The dilemma and Countermeasure in the construction and management of campus practice bases and Countermeasures [J]. experimental technology and management, 2009,26 (9): 152-154.
[6] Xie Yong, Zhang to Greek. Based on the "combination of engineering, school enterprise cooperation," higher economic management specialty practice teaching system [J]. Economic research Herald, 2008 (9): 205-206.
[7] Li Zhenghui, Xu Dilong, Wang Jia. The problems and Countermeasures of the experimental teaching of economic management methods. [J]. laboratory research and exploration, 2010,29 (6): 116-119.
[8] Jiang Ping, Dai Qun Zong [J]. reform talents training. In Higher Vocational Education: marketing economics research, 2008 (6): 76100
[9] Wang Hongmei, Li Hongwei. Research on the construction of the management and management of the [J]. experimental technology and management, 2011,28 (7): 279-281.
[10] Huang Haiyan, Hu Hongyun, Liu Binghui. The new problems and reform methods of the practical teaching of management specialty [J]. human resource management, 2010 (6): 233-234.
[11] Ye Wenhui. The practice of the construction of simulation practice platform for management and management of [J]. China's modern educational equipment, 2008 (6): 144-145.
[12] Chen Xuao. To construct the practical teaching system of management and management of local colleges and Universities Based on the goal of talent cultivation, [J]. Journal of Ankang University, 2011 (2): 117-119.