论文摘 要：德语是一门比较复杂的语言，其具有语法结构复杂，形式多样等主要特征。本文主要介绍了德语在当前大学教学中的现状，并对大学德语教学的创新方法进行探讨，并就德语课的选取教材和教学内容上提出一些建议。
Abstract: German is a complex language, its grammar structure is complex, diverse forms and other major features. This paper mainly introduces the current situation of the current university teaching in German, and discusses German university teaching innovation methods, and puts forward some suggestions on the selection of German teaching materials and teaching contents.
随着世界各国在经济、文化、军事等方面的日益频繁交流上，各国在教育领域上的交流与合作也成为了当前国家教育发展的一种新趋势和发展方向。国内各高校在素质教育的改革上取得了明显的效果，对培养符合市场需要，具有国际化能力应用型人才做出了卓越的贡献。适应现代高校教育的国际发展需求，对大学德语教学的方法提出了创新的要求。
With the world in economy, culture, military and other aspects of the increasingly frequent exchanges, exchanges and cooperation in the field of education, has become a new trend and development direction of the development of national education. The remarkable results have been achieved in the reform of quality education, training to meet the needs of the market, has the internationalization ability of application oriented talents have made outstanding contributions. To adapt to the modern higher education international development needs, put forward the new request to the university teaching method in german.
1.德语教学现状
The status of 1 German teaching
德语的教学方法一直是各高校教学的难点。语言是人与人之间沟通的桥梁，能够正确表达自己的思想和让对方明白要表达的意思，是学习德语的主要目的。德语教学的方法主要侧重于引导学生死记硬背，进行大量的机械化语言训练，起到巩固记忆的作用，达到能够运用德语进行交流的目的。
The teaching method is always a difficult problem in the German teaching in Colleges and universities. Language is a bridge of communication between people, to express their ideas and make them understand the meaning, the main objective is to study german. Methods German teaching mainly focuses on guiding students to rote, mechanical training a lot of language, to consolidate the memory effect, achieve to use German communication purposes.
现在的教学方法偏向于重视语言的规则和语法，忽视了对语言技术的培养。教学过程较机械化、死板化，与真实的语言环境和实际学习语言的意义相脱离，不能将所学到的知识灵活的运用到实际生活当中。学生在学习过程中处于被动的状态，这种吸收式的学习方法，扼杀了学生的主动求知欲和创新能力。教师在教学过程中起到主要的推动和促进作用，探讨、创新大学德语教学的方法是首要解决的问题。
Teaching methods now tend to pay attention to the rules of the language and grammar, neglect the training of language technology. Teaching process is mechanical, rigid, and separated from the real language environment and the actual learning of the language meaning, can not use the knowledge learned will be flexible to real life. The students in a passive state in the learning process, learning method the absorption, killing active curiosity and innovation ability of students. The teacher plays the main role in promoting and facilitating in the teaching process, methods, innovation of German university teaching is the primary problem to solve.
2.德语教学的创新方法
Methods 2 German teaching innovation
2.1提高对德语听力的重视程度
2.1 raise the importance of the German listening
德语作为第二外语，在说、听、写方面没有过多的要求，但它与其阅读能力是相互互补的。注意培养德语的口头练习，对学生的听、说打下坚实的语言基础。正确指导学生重视德语的听力训练，首先要让学生明白德语听力的学习过程中的重要性，利用各种渠道指导学生，让学生对听德语产生浓厚的兴趣，重视听力，增加学生学习德语的学习动力，为下一步学习奠定良好的基础。让学生多听德文歌曲，在轻松的音乐环境中，加强对德语语感的掌握。
German as a second language, talking, listening, and writing without excessive demands, but it and reading ability are mutually complementary. Pay attention to the cultivation of the German oral practice, and lay a solid language foundation, said to the students to listen to. The correct guiding students German listening training, to let students understand the importance of listening learning process in German, using a variety of channels and guidance to the students, let's interest, to listen to German students pay attention to listening, increase students' learning motivation to learn German, to lay a good foundation for the next study. Ask students to listen to Devin song, music in a relaxed environment, strengthen the German language master.
2.2利用国家文化调动学习积极性
2.2 use of national culture to mobilize the enthusiasm of learning
语言是国家文化的载体，更是国家文化的主要表现形式。在学习德语这门语言课程的同时，学生还应该了解和熟悉德语国家当地的风俗习惯等，对相应的文化有一定的了解。教学是一项双向的活动，即要充分发挥出教师在课堂中的主导作用，又要充分调动起学生在课堂中学习积极性，激发出他们对学习的浓厚兴趣。在合理的处理好教材内容的教学过程中，适当的穿插一些德国的国情知识、风土人情、风俗习惯等，可以达到调动学生学习积极性的作用。课堂教学时应该把学生看作是教学的主体，教师作为教学的客主，启发并调动学生与教师之间的同步思绪。
Language is the carrier of national culture, is the main form of national culture. In learning German language courses at the same time, students should understand and be familiar with the German national local customs, have a certain understanding of the corresponding culture. Teaching is a bilateral activity, namely, to give full play to the leading role of the teacher in the classroom, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students in the classroom, stimulate their interest in learning. In the teaching process of dealing with teaching contents of reasonable, appropriate with some German knowledge condition, local customs and practices, customs, to mobilize the enthusiasm of the students study effect. Should take the students as the main body of teaching in classroom teaching, teachers as a guest host teaching, inspire and mobilize the synchronization between students and teachers.
Question 2.3 classroom reading method
在课堂阅读教学方面采取先提问，在讲解的教学方法。教师在课堂上先提出几个问题，然后学生进行自行阅读，教师对所提问题进行检查。这样的教学方法，不仅让学生弄懂了句子的结构，掌握词语的使用方法，而且还学会了找课文关键词和核心句，提高了学生的德语阅读能力。提出问题后，给学生提供充分的自我表现机会，让学生感到能够学以致用，主动而更具效果地进行学习，进而为课堂教学带来勃勃生机，创造出浓厚的学习氛围，形成教学的良性循环。在教学过程中，教师也要注意不断的提高自身知识的学习，不应该仅仅只是拘泥于课本和注释，更应该做到紧密联系实际，适时地对教材进行补充，只有这样才能充分激发出学生的学习兴趣，从而培养学生自主学习的能力。
In the classroom teaching of reading to take first to ask, in the teaching method to explain the. The teacher raised several questions in class, and students to read, the teacher to inspect the question. This kind of teaching methods, not only let students understand the sentence structure, to grasp the method of using words, but also learned how to find the key words and key sentences, to improve the students reading ability in german. After raising the questions, to provide students with the opportunity to self-expression, lets the student feel able to learn in order to practise, active and more effective to learn, to bring vitality to classroom teaching, creating a strong atmosphere of learning, forming a virtuous circle of teaching. In the process of teaching, teachers also need to constantly improve their own knowledge, should not merely confined to the textbooks and notes, should do more close to reality, to supplement the materials timely, the only way to fully stimulate students interest in learning, and the cultivation of students' autonomous learning ability.
2.4采取小组式的教学活动
2.4 take the group teaching activities
在素质教育的目标前提下，教师与学生应该建立起良好的师生合作关系，教师要在教学过程中尽量多组织学生参加交流活动，让学生在提高自身交际能力的同时，提高自己的语言能力。比如，把几名学生组成一组，来共同合作完成一项学习任务。学生之间可以自由组合或由教师指定组合。采取以小组式的活动形式，适用于激活学生在某个领域的知识，互助互补的进行学习，得出解决问题的答案。小组式活动的主要内容应该是与教材教学具有相关性的，学生有一定自己的观点或是掌握一些相关内容。只有处于学生熟悉的学习内容中，小组式教学活动才能进行，才能更好的激发出学生参与的积极性。因此该教学活动方法可与课下活动相结合，课下让学生收集资料，课上进行分组讨论，进而提高学生在德语方面的学习效率。
The quality of education in the condition, the teachers and the students should establish good relations of cooperation between teachers and students, teachers should try to organize students to participate in exchange activities in the teaching process, students in improving their communicative ability at the same time, to improve their language ability. For example, the students form a group, to work together to complete a learning task. Students can be combined freely or designated by teachers in combination. Take the group activity, applicable to activate the students in a certain field knowledge, mutual complementary study, obtains the answer. The main content of group activities should be associated with the teaching of students, have their own views or master some relevant content. Only the students with learning content in teaching activities, group can be carried out, in order to better stimulate students' enthusiasm of participation. Therefore, the teaching method and class activities combined, class let students to gather information, discuss in groups of classes, and improve the learning efficiency of students in the German side.
3. 德语教学改革建议
3 German teaching reform suggestions
在德语的学习阶段，学生应该采取理论联系实际的学习方法，语法学习和实际应用紧密结合、相辅相成，已达到最佳的学习效果。
In the learning phase in German, learning methods, students should take the theory with practice, grammar learning and practical application closely, supplement each other, have reached the best learning results.
3.1选取教材的实用性
The utility of the 3.1 selected materials
在选取德语教材时，应针对实际应用和教材内容相结合的原则，选择实用性较强的大学德语教材。教材的内容方面应该偏向于语法内容更具实用性，教学内容应着重在语法知识方面学习上，而并不是单纯的只讲理论，注重对学生能力的培养重于对技能的学习，而技能又重于知识。另外，在教材中还可以适当的加入图片等元素，更能符合当代大学生的生理和心理特征，而且还能达到图文并茂的学习效果，加深学生印象。
In the selection of German textbook, should according to the actual application and the teaching content according to the principle of combining, selection of practical German University textbooks. Teaching contents should be biased in favor of grammatical content more practical, teaching content should focus on grammar knowledge learning, not only about the theory, pay attention to the training of students' ability to learn skills, and skills and knowledge. In addition, can also be appropriate to add images and other elements in the textbook, can accord with the physiological and psychological characteristics of contemporary college students, but also can achieve the effect of learning, deepen their impression.
3.2教学内容的优化性
Optimization of teaching content of 3.2
大学德语教学的内容主要采用教师传授的方法进行教学。教师在教学过程中应该广泛阅读各种德语知识书籍，归纳总结出一些具有同性的规则，并对不同的规则观点进行分析比较，对教学的内容起到优化性的推动作用。在教学过程中教师应该针对学生的自身的实际情况，有针对性和选择性的设计出符合学生特征的教学内容，重点讲解学习德语的核心知识，建立起一套完整的学生学习方法。以教学内容优化性，重点突出难点重点，并且对重点的语法知识进行归纳梳理，帮助学生取长补短，加强学习的广度和深度。
German university teaching contents teaching methods teachers taught. Teachers should be widely read various German books in the teaching process, summed up with the same rules, and on different rules analysis comparison, to the optimization of the role of teaching content. In the process of teaching, teachers should according to the actual situation in their own, the design and the selectivity of the teaching content in accordance with the characteristics of student learning, focusing on the core knowledge of German, build up a complete set of learning methods. In order to optimize the teaching content, highlight key, and focus on the knowledge of grammar is summarized, help students learn from each other, strengthen the breadth and depth of learning.
3.3推广学习的积极性
3.3 positive promotion of learning
德语做为一门大学语言学科，在使用上还是具有广泛性的。推广多媒体教学技术应用于德语教学当中，在教学课堂上借助多媒体技术，使教学效果起到更好的作用。采用音像效果使原本枯燥的学习转化成为生活的生活情景，让课堂教学栩栩如生, 使学生提高对学习语言的积极性，从中领悟语言的实用性和德语语言的魅力。
German as the language discipline in University, or of. Application of multimedia technology in teaching German, with the help of multimedia technology in teaching in the classroom teaching effect, to play a better role. The sound effects to make boring learning into life scene, let the classroom teaching true to life likeness, raise the students enthusiasm for learning a language, understand the language of the practicability and German language from the charm.
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