1 Introduction
Gymnastics a salient features is its artificial, so many gymnastics moves according to the rules of the different project characteristics and biomechanics of creation, so gymnastic exercise capacity is in the daily life of the people cannot be cultivated. In competitive gymnastics, the practitioners in a certain height of the equipment or airborne to complete the action, especially in the completion of the abnormal and complex movements, easy to occur when the completion of the action or can not be completed and lead to dangerous, so must protect. In practice a new action is due to the particularity of gymnastics, helping to reduce the difficulty of the movement of the new grant, can shorten the action of the generalization, so in the teaching and training and timely implementation of the protection and assistance is extremely necessary, this paper of gymnastics protection with the help of the stations of different projects, different action are discussed and cultivate students' ability and the unity and cooperation of mutual care and a good style, the church student common stance protection method and teachers in the protection with the help of the stations for discussion and research to provide ideas, better let students complete the gymnastics.
2 study on the protection and help of different project sites
Protection and help 2.1 parallel bars position
Static movements is mainly done in the bar, thus requiring help is required with the aid of devices (such as table of gymnastics, gymnastics stool) to help and protection, such as parallel bars in the support and swing into a handstand this action to help protect, help to better stand in gymnastics table on the side of practitioners to help protect, remember standing in the bar or bars help. Double action is mostly carried out in the bar, so to help position should be on one side of the bumper. For example: backward movements to help protect should stand in the instruments of lateral, such as supporting and swing turned 180 degrees leg component sit, sit in the bar right leg swing swivel 180 degrees leg component sit; and forward the protection action to help the group should stand in the instruments of the posterior as straddle seat forward roll straddle sit, roll forward into arm hang swing action. However, start by lever of the action and the action bar in the opposite stance to help. For example: backward movement if it is started from the bar to protect help to stand in the instruments of lateral, such as hanging arm pushup backflip. Help the protection of parallel bars dismount action groups that are generally in the rear side of the instrument, such as support before the jump, swing support to jump, Sarvangasana (or Handstand) rollover inferior action should stand in the rear side of the instrument to protect and help. The joint action of complete set of movements and parallel bars. Along with the change of the direction and position of the students, the protection and the corresponding changes in the position of the help. Such as hanging arm flexion and extension component sitting with legs (end of bars), a former roll into straddle seat (rear side) - support swing sling swivel 180 degrees leg component sit (front side), straddle sit slow Sarvangasana (rear) one shoulder inverted rollover (rear). Swing action is a fixed pivot transfer action. In the action of fixed point and fixed rotation axis, sometimes we have to overcome or use heavy torque, which should increase or decrease the speed of rotation according to different conditions. When the help, the force of the vertical line, and often not through the shaft. For example, "double arm hang back on," technical characteristics of back swing action is throwing back legs, then acute upper body vibration. From the point of view of energy conversion, "sling" is three stages of action, which increase the potential energy, potential changes in the stage of energy and kinetic energy is used to complete the action stage. In addition, as a complete mechanical system, the body must follow the principle of momentum conservation. Therefore, when the action is complete. First, by internal force the body forward and high above cast and the stretched out; second, the body swing over shoulder vertical forced back to the left leg; third, body swing to the pole brake leg, then the upper body urgent vibration arms force brace bar to support. To help "sling", should stand on one side of the practice, dual asked practitioners of the back and buttocks (power function) and forward above sent (power function), body shoulder vertical position, shun the backswing to prop the abdomen and thigh (vertical point force acting along not through the fulcrum to increase torque, increase the swing angular velocity), so that practitioners in utilization of energy and the use of external, to maximize the body backward swing up, so that the action is completed in high quality.
With the help of 2.2 bar protection stations
Force is the effect of one object to another. The effect of force on the object is closely related to the magnitude, direction and function of the force. The same magnitude of force, if the role of force in the direction of the object is different or the position of the object is different, the effect is obviously different. In the teaching and training of gymnastics, in order to make the students to establish correct muscle sense and action concept, often to help, sometimes in order to change the movement of the human body, from the static state into the movement, or from the movement of the state into a static state, it is often given to help. For example: in the horizontal bar "protection support loop" help, should stand in the front side bar protector, a hand from the bar under the anti grip wrist exerciser (fixed fulcrum), on the other hand when after the fall when the hips (supporting force position), the belly bar (the direction of applying force), in the later part of the circle, the circle with the force of hands action in space and time change, transformation time, hand holding legs in the bar, help brake (slow leg speed), and the other hand holding the shoulder in the bar before, to help carry the upper body (speeding up body rotation) the size is in power. According to the actual situation to complete the action, such as loop speed, power will be larger, in order to increase the speed of the human body. If the loop speed, resistance to help, the loop velocity decreases, to control the body and the action in line with the moment of couple rotation principle, to make the exercise more smoothly to complete the action.
With the help of 2.3 skills protection stations
Skill project types, the practice field is also very rich, is also suitable for different age and sex and exercise ability groups for selective practice, but also has ornamental and interesting, it is very important to help protect the skills it probably can be seen as the ground roll air somersault balance support flexible, generally speaking, those who do the forward movement, practitioners throughout the body has a slightly forward displacement, protection to help practitioners should stand in the front side, practitioners in action just in front of the mobile to help the protection project, such as a man's front handspring, women's sports front, but before the roll practitioners focus are low to the ground, should also help protect the front side in practice to reduce the center, we can use one foot to protect knees who help; Backward action, should help protect lateral standing in practitioners, such as backward handspring, etc.; to do side action, help protect practitioners should stand in the back side, such as the cartwheel somersault, etc., at the grassroots level in gymnastics teaching, just learning approach step by two or three cartwheel practitioners are not stable on the supporting position, should stand in the protection to help practitioners start supporting position after lateral legs open at the station, can be in their own feet without moving the body to move around the center of gravity will not lose focus, because of a complete set of skills like single action skills, it is nature determine the action of mobile, displacement distance and the action is relatively large, protect and help to keep and practice a reasonable distance should be unchanged, with the change of displacement direction of practice action, for Do the corresponding move around, make sure the position properly. For example, the skill of hand on the protection and help, when doing the inverted, because the human body is high, the support surface is small, stable angle is small, so do such kind of action, if the body is slightly tilted, balance is very easy to destroy. So in the protection of help, the size, direction and function of the power, must be in line with the balance of the mechanical conditions.
Protection and help support jump of 2.4 stations
Support jumps by run-up, board, step jump, first flight, promoter and the second flight, landing in seven areas, and in the basic teaching most prone to problems two links is vacated: pedal after the first flight, and pushing the second flight. Help in the protection of protection stations, the general should stand side by side in the landing point; in order to help improve the second flight technology, can help protect the leg and separate standing jump from the front, to help protect the shoulder and push back when should be timely; to help improve the flight technology, protect and help who can stand in the springboard and tiaoyueqi side, help or support the swing leg hip; but because of the vault of some action more difficult, in the station can help protect multiple stations, which is two or more than two people standing in different positions, such as horse handspring, can help protect standing springboard and jumping device side, swinging the leg or hip to help support, strengthen the practice to the pedal swing leg, when the hand to push hands, standing on the horse back protection should help practitioners to help push, when necessary Follow the link to move. In short, the protection of the help should be based on the needs of different movements, flexible, there is a choice of appropriate position to stand.
3 conclusions and recommendations
3.1 conclusions
In a few cases can be explained, using three factors of strength in gymnastics protection in help has universality and regularity. Practice has proved that, in the exercise of teaching and training of the protection and help, can reasonably control and transport force of the three elements, is the important factor to achieve the effect, improve the quality of teaching, but also an important measure of teaching level. Carefully study the technical principle and technical specifications as well as help methods, according to the three elements of the force, widely used to help, in order to continuously improve the teaching effect. The protection of the help should be based on the needs of different movements, flexible, select the appropriate position to stand.
When doing joint action or complete sets of actions, the protection of the help of the action should be changed with the change in the standing position, according to the action need or improve the protection and help of the effect, can be used to protect the help of many people. In teaching should draw attention to the teaching and learning of attention to strengthen protection with the help of the application methods and different stations of the importance of learning, improve the quality of teaching and reduce the occurrence of accidents and injuries.
3.2 suggestions
In order to help and protect reasonably and effectively, teachers must do the following:
3. 2. 1 to be familiar with the technical movement: teachers should in technical analysis of textbooks, clear finish correct action technical requirements, seize the key to determine the magnitude and direction of the help and protection stations, the overhand time and power. It can cause adverse effects because of unnecessary help or inappropriate.
2.2 3 education students in practice to establish confidence, courage and determination, calm wit. To strengthen the organization and discipline, to prevent slack mood.
2.3 3 to put forward the method of self protection in contact: although in teaching is not often used, but in special circumstances, but can play a very good safety protection.
3. 2. 4 station should be reasonable, protector of the station's position should be determined according to the structure characteristics of different projects and concrete actions. Generally standing in the place that is both easy to help and help to protect, and do not interfere with the practice of the exercise.
2.5 3 parts to be accurate, want to use a smaller power to achieve better results, the site must be accurate, because the site is accurate or not, directly related to the role of the play, only the site is accurate, but also the force is very small can also achieve better teaching results. Conversely, even if the power is very difficult to get a good teaching effect.
3. 2. 6 time to properly, the key to protect and help skills is to grasp a good use of time, as long as seize the opportunity, the right of protection and help, can play to good effect. Too early or too late will affect the practice with the completion of action, and may cause damage in the accident.
2.7 3 power to fit, the size of the assistant should be based on the specific circumstances of the students. General beginner stage booster to bigger, with improvement of skilled movements, help should be gradually reduced until finally no afterburner, lets the student completed entirely independent action. The direction is correct, the movement of the gymnastics has its direction, therefore, in the process of protection and help, we should pay attention to the direction of action, otherwise, will directly affect the mastery of the right technology, so as to affect the quality of the action. The protection and the help is closely linked, cannot be separated, are indispensable. Therefore, in the use of the protection and help of the process, must be fully implemented, not a single, otherwise, can not achieve the protection and help will appear some of the accident.
Reference
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