The Qing Tongzhi and Guangxu years fan Dangshi (1854 - 1904), Jiangsu Nantong, the word Ken hall, brother of the three, Ju long, the WTO said fan Bozi. He is renowned in poetry, his poems to worldmark Su Shi, Huang Tingjian. In fact, his prose is quite distinctive. Fan Dangshi early was hired to Zhang Zhidong, under the command of Hubei annals board repair records, after Wu Rulun invited North Jizhou lectures, reentry viceroy of Zhili and Beiyang Minister Li Hongzhang shogunate appointed teachers, for excellence in his prose. His prose creation, originated from Tongcheng scholars, this remarkable from his friends. Fan Dangshi Sishu Zeng Guofan, there is a poem: "I have infinite Sishu tears, should only be lonely went to Hunan flow" [1] (p305), poetry "late ten years my has passed away, ranking often silent to ask Xiangyuan." [2] (p161) he of Zeng Guofan is "although not to, yet we yearn for", had fondly said: "at the age of Yushiqi went to southern provincial examinations, Judah and see once Wenzheng complex, and the division of Wuchang, from the male not only ten years ear." It is only ten years away ", not with the cups. Have a thought, along the stream to Wuchang." 3 (P84) can not contact Zheng Guofan, who can have the door, Wu Ruguan disciple Zhang Yuzhao in life is no joy.
Vandams in six years Guangxu (1880), Zhang Jian, Zhu Mingpan and their friends to hold Zhang Yuzhao, disciple, classical school in Tongcheng. Fan's on the paper, Zhang Yuzhao that essay "Ci Qi Cheng Sheng Chang can not resist, deep sigh, thought this world rare to meet it." Zhang Yuzhao also to the cloud as a metaphor, eous, harassment of the text for the Fu an article, depicting the cloud changing strange, this infection Bo son, teach his composition. Zhang clan in [4] (p35) also have fan as Wu Ru Lun to tell his disciples, and said "public when he me!" [5] (p157) Guangxu eight years (1882), under the invitation of Zhang Yuzhao, van bigwigs to Hubei annals board Zhang presided over the editing of the Hubei Tongzhi ", as part of" Wu Fu biography "editor in chief, which lasted two years. And Zhang Yuzhao, from Tongcheng sent the last master Wu Ruguan of ancient grammar. Twelve years Guangxu (1886), van der Waals Wu Ruguan hired for Jizhou to give lectures. At that time, Zhang Yuzhao Lord Baoding Lianchi College (after Wu Ru Lun chair), Hetao main Jizhou letter academy, fan Bozi main Wuyi Guan Jin college, government, state and county Sanxue Dingli, Zhang, he, van trio side by side, in under the guidance of the Wu Rulun learn art, teaching his disciples, Jizhou atmosphere of open academic presents a splendid sight. During this period, Zhang Yuzhao comment on fan and many poems, a huge role in the progress of model essays, Zhang Yuzhao "sarcastic" style of the article, a direct impact on the fan when the article.
Had door four disciples Zhang Yuzhao, Wu Rulun, Xue Fu Cheng, Li Ruchang, Lun is the only Tongcheng born writer, his help to fan the world is tremendous. He invited fan when the world tour Jizhou College for four years, has strongly contributed to the van and Tongcheng talented -- Yao Yunsu (Yao Yingzhi granddaughter) marriage, and then introduces the van der Waals into Tianjin Li Hongzhang shogunate any teacher for four years. Wu Long fan at the age of fourteen, two people mentor, poetry from each other, causing serious.
Wu "and Yao Zhongshi" one article, summarized summarized the from Tongcheng Zhuzi "clean air body cleaning to Zeng Guofan" Xiongqi Guiwei ", to Zhang Yuzhao" strange evolution of humorous sly "style. Although he appreciated Fang Bao article "after the gorgeous attributed to old indeed", but more appreciate Zhang Yuzhao prose "interesting, humorous, sly, words and sentences of the low strength." He believes that "the gas" [6] (p359), and that "said that cannot easily into Jiawen, expensive road is the will to Clipsal" [7] (p51) and special favor has the magnificent of the gas, peculiar gas. He in "a application father", he said: "the stolen ancient text good view, there must be partial uneven ferocious gas, Qu Yuan, Zhuang, historian Sima Qian, Han Changli are all things." So he to do not repeat the test of van der Waals meanding encounter sympathize with very much, generous help, and especially appreciate fan's article showed strong platoon, peculiar style, even repeatedly sighed Eph such as.
In addition, the fan prose also influenced by Liu Xizai. Four years Guangxu (1878), the tiger he to Xinghua, the disciple Liu Xizai Liu Zeng Yi "make first visit with presents," and other books. He returned to the text dozens of articles, the president thought gratifying." Next year, Liu Xizai's speaker of Shanghai Longmen academy, fan and autumn in August to, "Mr. poor day and night force and with the words", "the so-called" Qinzhi to remember the words "who seven paper." 8 (P5) is a fan of Liu Xizai when art teacher, "Yi" is the creation of a standard fan. Liu Xizai believes that the poem, "do not need to, your true courage." ("the title of Yang, one husband and one husband, one of the two") "article in the very top of the article, but the true color." Liu Xizai affirmed the development of literature, put forward the concept of "change", he said: "through its change, then into the world of the text, a combination of a monarch that change, but the law of the change can be known to have passed." ("Yi Gai, the concept") van's argument that the first to have character ("poetry out of character" is Liu Xizai), natural, plain, natural and plain based on Xing change, which is caused by the influence of Liu Xizai.
By Vandams's friends can know he accepted literary ideas. He will uphold classical tradition and Tongcheng literary mood, put yourself in to Confucianism as the core of "orthodoxy" and Han Yu to build the system, that classical studies should be "to the end", nourish the spirit to comfort, de store to achieve speech "[9] (choices). "Cultivating Qi", "storage" is a "language", "Mencius" and six classics, but also to learn "Zhuang", "Sao", "history" and "Chinese", the anthology of Tang and eight, these are wise Weijie scholar momentum and. In the modern society of the western "Gezhi domestic trouble and foreign invasion, said foot view home Yan", also must learn. Learning sage sages of ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign articles, to expand their horizons and expand the mind, familiar with the history, understanding of the times, he proposed to "Walter knowledge". Thus, "the times, up to the world with." 10 (P64) "product for many years, do not suffer from unintentional; Xuanyuan million, from untitled." Plain speaking, put pen to do, "nature" and "righteous", this is the initial stage of writing. "At this stage to both Kennedy and read, there will be air Dashun when. Qi Shun Xing Yan change." As Yao Nai said, "something can be changed, and then it will be big."". To "change" stage, there is one of the subtle and endless. He said: "the ancients Jiawen probably will more than Lei Ke uneven and subtle and not dew, the thick stack of meaning and readily package does not hinder in bold and unrestrained, words hundreds and see the side out of the virtual shadow akin to thousands of, clarity and air out. The strange bewilderment in the meantime. The style is swaying, the content is implicit and rich. Also said: "scold and ridiculed Jing Shen for the military and political leaders; although very humorous ridicule, and there is a meteorological mu yuan." Sarcastic humor and solemn similar opposite style can be muddy to melt in the, "the so-called mind to hero, less than about ancient; de no saint, not enough to bend laughed ear." 11 (P32) at Xian, as long as the scission and the article can do what. Vandams's composition theory, the basic way is Tongcheng.
Classical tradition of "writings are for conveying truth" and Tongcheng School "study trip after the Neo", in thought are highlighted as "explaining Dao wing teaching and writing. The connotation of "the word," but also varies from person to person, in Fang Bao Yue "righteousness", in Yao Nai said "righteousness" and in the fan in to outside of the "righteousness" and "economy" one word, the article highlights to "pragmatism". In a word: Confucian classics, Tao of sageliness within and kingliness without, daily human relations, social customs and education purpose, statecraft is China "zaidao" classical tradition. As "Tao" in specific writers and works in the interpretation of the "reason", incisive exposition or not, the interpretation of exciting or not depends on the author's self-cultivation and artistic attainments. Vandams's prose ", meaning to One principle runs through it all." on the road, accessible language, fine arts and natural substance alcohol. The disciple of the gold terbium in the Fan Kentang Mr. biographical sketch "zhongyun:" Mr. so-called observe Tongcheng family discipline ", Liu Shengmu in the Tongcheng literary origin test, fan hereditarily, as is said.
For example, when the mother Xingtao fan "10000 Shou Xu", to discuss the changes of social customs and etiquette. Zeng Guofan is composition birthday, insist the said to close to the ancient rites, Wu Rulun that this birthday is better than that of the ancient rites, Fan Shi that ancient rites and longevity of this are equally important, customs and education, striving for perfection, non once, must by one of the most important things that as an opportunity, solemnly, P, as the public to listen, the genesis of the peoples. Guan Li, parental relinquish love of animals, responsible adult; longevity, the son of man in recognition of the parental discipline Rende, and subtle, personally. Two each end, so to be folk. This article with Tongcheng school proposed the "elegant" standard. Some of Vandams's prose eloquence, reasoning accessibility, such as new in order to be different, "identified eight" Liuzi thick. Liu Zongyuan "view Bajun drawings" effect, the world king mu of Zhou said the car smell "eight" very "Chun", from "alien" for, so seeking the horse "if the dragon, Phoenix, kylin, if Mantis", fantastic. Find imitation sages if the same is true, people think that "Fu Niu, Nuwa shaped snakes, Confucius as a Qi head" is certain search not to Saint. The "horse" or a horse, sage is also a man, look for sage to find from the ordinary people. Fan's Anti Sense and debate:
Similarities between the saint and the people, must not seek to the saints so as saints, but will self mediocrity; the wisdom of ordinary people to seek sages and men of the same place, if finding the differences to Saint "if cattle, if the snake, if the point of Qi head", self will return of the Zhengyuan; Mencius said "Yao and Shun and people with" is because he was "different and Xie", so it back for the same ". Kong Zi never judge by appearances, so he made a "lost son feather" mistake. In a word, van's thought that Xun Shengxian was to start with his singular point. Van Vince Luigi Te, but at the level of propulsion, there are tendons and bones, full of personality. Wu Rulun appreciate this article, Zhang Yuzhao disagree, after the paper note to self: "such paper, Mr. Zhi father special joy when and Plato not predicate. A strong, complex calligraphy and natural elegance of authenticity, the sentence, the end of the little stream, far away. Then listen to the appalling. The problem is approved, Zhang's tomb solid first ear."
Zhang Yuzhao's praise is the with the Zhang's tomb figure, "and a very innovative argumentative, the deductive reasoning: mountains visible point is" gas "through this," gas ", the human spirit is. "Gas" if not to, for the lonely mountains. As long as the "breath" once can be attached, "strange" and different "achievements in the meantime rose will". Such as being relegated Suzi rafting Chibi under, through strange mountains and rivers "Wenqi", and before and after the "Ode of Chibi", style from the misty to strange. The rise of Zhang Yuzhao and even had disciples, but also the hidden "breath" in the new historical conditions appear. The fan of this article is "weird" style, Zhang Yuzhao's spirit is "sarcastic", naturally the most praise this thesis.
Fan Dangshi argumentative essays, reasoning, narrative less, less description, Jane the modern celebrity biography "said essay:" Jane Austrian Cang Jian, scribe Tongcheng. " Zheng Guofan was dissatisfied with the "Tongcheng of the old, clean air, clean body" for the vibration of Tongcheng ancient Chinese light of the disadvantages, advocate the magnificent style. Zhang Yuzhao have "because the sound", Guangxu six years. At the beginning of Zhang Yuzhao read fan and Wen, intuition, the words "Chang Sheng not royal, to applaud. To fan's "Kuang Xiao said the word" as an example, the paper analysis "voice", think "learning to Zhu Dao", to the gentle, as the Department of music. Wu Ruguan then wrote to Zhang Yuzhao, "Yao on the ultimate road failed to sound, in this not wuru brother. Wangshi Wenzheng said: 'the ancients the all chanting modern authors such as Fang Yao the acts, can be described as a Yi, Gu Songzhi and not into the sound', cover and deacons if match contract. Nearly Ken hall "fan the word the, the invention of sound so, push the" Shao "," summer "and ultimate short specially wonderful." [12] (p35) cold Bi said a commentary: Ken hall bearing Tongcheng, Xiangxiang thread, to sound intention very often, and 'vast nine taste are also in the poem, pure as noise and the', 'to Yi week hole every day, sign language from listening to cross Ming string "of the sentence. This article approached Changli, Zhao Xi Bian cut, by gas tight, Xun pushed masterpiece." Xiongwen [13] P273 fan's resigned gas prosperity ", and as" just has the words ", and encouraged his disciples to do" no desire "," no fear "," not bad "," dragon tiger "just strong, the written realm KuoDa, maneuvers, syllable, sonorous, length of sentence interlaced, stretch straight down. Han Bi named "large disc bo".
Fan's prose "prosperous rhetoric" features from where? First in his talent and unrestrained temperament, is derived from two travel. He Tao said when the fan grand momentum because of his footprints all over the world. He grew Yu Jianghai Nantong intersection, vision, and allow the landscape, and from four to Bo its interest." And then walk north and south, in the Jizhou for four years, he "Jingu floating in the sea, South to Shanghai, and sea north of the vast river and arrived through; go Taishan and the Yellow River. Went to Jinling, Wuchang, "not a walk Jianghai million in, where Wu Sheng Chu to, the ancients have poor probe reward more Baiqian year and No. Mingji, a longitudinal desire, to fill the Changqi." 14 (P46) in addition, he read the books of sages of ancient and modern philosophy of Arts for longer, straight gas zhuang. His nine expedition mingluosunshan, filled with grief and indignation of the gas depression. And after the Sino Japanese War, the reform movement of 1898, gengzi incident, then anxious, set in a body. So the content of his prose style accessible deep.
Fan Dangshi cloud "observe the Tongcheng righteousness method", but did not die to keep but a certain innovation, he all the way along the Zhang Yuzhao "sarcastic" and go further. Guangxu twenty years (1894) Zhang Yuzhao seventieth birthday, fan and wrote the Wu Changzhang Mr. 70 Shou sequence ", the paper not only did not promote main life character, also did not praise the life main academic achievements, is only comfort, not to encounter sad, advised Mr. Zhang Yue enjoy old age. Actually the mapping the Zhang Yuzhao experience, Zhang Yuzhao speaker Lianchi college, spirit is filled, but Li Hongzhang supplanted and helpless anger from Baoding. Guangxu fifteen years (1889) he should Viceroy Yulu hired Jianghan speaker, with two academies, spin removed Xiangyang college, north of Qin, migration of displaced, helpless. Li Hongzhang although crowding Zhang Yuzhao, but he was in the Northern Navy and with the Japanese War blindly weak, compromise and concessions by national condemn it in speech and writing. The paper also mentioned g-primary Fang luteal impeachment petition Li Hongzhang, "but the service to sincere Yan xiangguo". Outspoken person dare not say, 60 year old told disease resignation, "mortgage for food shall belong to the non a rafter laws, 'says Huang tifang life clean rigidness. In this paper, Vandams Zhang Yuzhao, Li Hongzhang Huang Tifang, said three people were "Tongguan and Miao does not close".
This article Shou Wu Rulun evaluation: "big Lian Ting Shou Wen is indeed as odd, please peiqia and master not involved, such as when Wengu so-called 'relentless ride', Naiwen intricate changes, as became wonderfulness, strange and changeful in many ways. This is brilliant, male physical rich, because due to Party Weigui, with completion of bi. I make his face to the ground." [15] P117 fan's "and Yao, the wife of the book" and quoted Wu Ru Lun said: "this really can be described as magical, straight when for example Europe and, within a thousand years. Once the public and the low cost of the old work, but this is the case." Hetao read this article, to Bo (: "deceitful letter it is almost in the" [16] (Volume 1), to Zhang Yuzhao Book Cloud: "the very high, fear of to win." [17] (P79) Zhang Yuzhao birthday party, times invited friends to students as wenshou, fan and Wen Shou Feng, Wu Rulun active avoidance, give up plan for wenshou. Ka Jun is another way to avoid write a great deal about Zhang Yuzhao's calligraphy. The fan visible "Mr. Wu Changzhang seventy" as a priority order. Vandams's essays in Tongcheng literary school when there is a place.
reference
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