In 2013, just after the end of the 12 National Games, Chongqing delegation made 5 gold, 3 silver and 4 bronze medals in the breakthrough progress, but Chongqing is still in the initial stage of development of competitive sports, compared this result with other competitive sports province is far from. This paper aims at the city of Chongqing in the previous National Games achievement analysis, combing the Chongqing National Games competition process, analyzes the Chongqing city competitive strength, to provide the reference for the Chongqing city athletics sports development orientation.
1 research objects and methods
1.1 research object
The city of Chongqing from 1997 to 2013 in the eighth and 12 National Games as the research object.
1.2 research methods
1.2.1 method of literature acquisition in the city of Chongqing, the eighth to the 12 National Games from the Chongqing Municipal Sports Bureau, and the relevant literature was consulted and put the games.
1.2.2 statistical analysis of the relevant data collected by Spss17.0.
2 Chongqing city to participate in the Games history
2.1 Chongqing city in the year held its debut
In October 1997, Shanghai city held China Eighth National Games, a total of 46 delegations to participate in the competition, the city of Chongqing as a municipality independent status of the team sent by the debut of the national games. Chongqing delegation from 105 athletes, a total of 18 projects in the finals, the delegation of Chongqing won 3 silver, 2.5 bronze medals, won the group 267.5 points, the total score ranked twenty-fourth. The successful completion of the scheduled "Medal of the National Games, the goals and tasks of [1]. score in the top 30" appeared on the Chongqing team total score of 26 on behalf of the Sichuan provincial team with a special "double score" 190 points, the Sichuan team in the Chongqing athletes in the National Games and the integral Chongqing and Sichuan two medals are included in the total score of the team. This is because the city of Chongqing in the same year just under a lot of excellent athletes from Chongqing, but in Sichuan army not to, in order to reconcile the interests of both sides and give special treatment.
2.2 won the first gold rose ranking
The Ninth National Games held in Guangdong in 2001 11. The Chongqing team sent 323 athletes in 186 athletes of 19 projects into the finals, the representative of Chongqing eventually won 1.5 gold medals, 2.5 silver medals and 3 bronze medals. The team scores 389.75 points, ranked 23 in the table [2]. to represent Chongqing in the National Games team sent a large number of athletes participating groups, far beyond eighth more than 2 times, sent to the athletics, weightlifting, boxing, wrestling scores are relatively prominent, and actively use the resources of the eastern sports province and signed the "agreement, the athletes' freestyle and martial arts routine two to Chongqing to achieve a gold medal in the National Games, National Games the ranking than eighth increased.
2.3 gold medal, total score
October 2005, the Tenth National Games held in Nanjing, Jiangsu. 385 athletes of Chongqing delegation to participate in the tournament, in which 242 people broke into the 23 big 112 small finals, won 2 gold medals, 5 silver medals and 2.5 bronze medals, a total team scores 448 points, ranking the twenty-third [3]. games is Chongqing to attend an important milepost session history, the number of medals, group scores are all beyond the previous results, the total score ranked in the forefront of the third group list, once again exceeded the previous results. Chongqing city in this war to create a more powerful team to create a more powerful Chongqing team as the goal, focus on the introduction of outstanding athletes, so that the Chinese Communist Party of Chongqing has more than a dozen projects of 23 players to enter the top 8 finals, 160 points. The success of the national strategy to make the National Games Chongqing team scores significantly improved, the delegation of the scale of the most growth, but these "temporary project" and "temporary athletes" not to be Zhaoan athletic sports in Chongqing city community is fully recognized, such as skating, swimming, hockey and other parts of the "exotic flowers" in Chongqing city is not suitable for their growth in the soil, will only as a short holiday bonsai.
2.4 project streamlining, mediocre
After the Tenth National Games in Chongqing city sports project into the reform and adjustment stage, the first two games of fixed cycle to the input mode of extensive increase with the introduction of Foreign Acquisition -- performance benefits, to streamline the project, pay attention to the cultivation of local force. In October 2009 the Eleventh National Games, Chongqing sent a representative team composed of 269 athletes participated in 17 games, a total of 157 people successfully broke into the finals, won 2 gold medals, 5 bronze medals, team scores 252.5 points, ranking 27 [4]. obviously can be seen, the National Games the delegation of Chongqing, regardless of the number of entries, entries and total scores were reduced. The 11 National Games in Chongqing, although not brilliant writing, but the full cycle of operation adjustment for the next National Games achievement on elastic strength.
2.5 the history of the best entries
From August 2013 to September held the Eleventh National Games in Liaoning, Shenyang. There are 122 athletes participated in 14 sports game of Chongqing team, won 5 gold medals, 3 silver medals and 4 bronze medals. The team scores 267.5 points, ranking twenty-third. The games of the delegation of Chongqing the number of athletes has been reduced, but the streamlined team still get good results, the total integral rank and the history of the best flat, and by virtue of transport to the PLA team badminton player Li Xuerui 2 Olympic gold medals and 1 National Games women's singles gold medal, two consecutive successful breakthrough the only 2 gold medals for Chongqing to participate in the games, the largest in the history of the 5 gold medals.
Analysis of 3 successive Chongqing Games results
The city of Chongqing in 3.1 previous games awarded medals, the number of waves rise, the country's top level athletes in groups of small scale.
The National Games medal number could reflect the regional team in the top level group scale, obtain 3 items before the athletes at the top level in the country, and that the project has a high competitive strength in the country. The more medals, the more projects that the higher the level of competition, the more the number of top athletes, the overall competitive strength is also enhanced.
Chongqing city in the Eighth National Games won 3 silver and 3 bronze medals in 6, accounting for 0.5% of the total number of medals; in the Ninth National Games won 1.5 gold, 2.5 silver and 3 bronze medals in 7, accounting for 0.5% of the total number of medals; in the Tenth National Games won 2 gold, 5 silver and 2.5 bronze medals in 9.5 the total number of medals, accounted for 0.6%; in the Eleventh National Games won 2 gold and 5 bronze medals in 7, accounting for 0.4% of the total number of medals; in the Twelfth National Games won 5 gold, 3 silver and 4 bronze medals in 12, accounting for the total number of medals in the previous games 0.7%. Chongqing won 10.5 gold medals. 13.5 silver medals and 17.5 bronze medals, a total of 41.5 medals. Chongqing city in the twelfth gold medal number, the number of the 10 silver medal, the 11 bronze medal number reached a peak, are 5. Chongqing City, each medal number, the medal rankings are in the top 20, and the total number of medals each tiny proportion. Chongqing city in the National Games gold medal trend showed a linear increase, the total number of silver and bronze medals and the number fluctuated trend is not smooth. According to the basic trend of the main objectives of the Eliot wave theory that: as long as the next higher level than the previous high. And each of the secondary falls its wave at the end of the previous decline in the wave of high, then the main trend is up; in the contrary, when every intermediate down to the price level, and then the price can not be brought to the top of the high point, the main trend is down. It can be judged, the number of silver show fluctuations in the trend, gold, bronze medal showing a rising trend, the total number of medals showing fluctuations in the upward trend.
On the whole, although the Chongqing city to participate in the 5 full shipping cycle of the overall upward trend, but the gold medal and fewer medals, reflecting the Chongqing city with high competitive level of individual less, the national top level athletes team size and other provinces and cities far.
The 3.2 Chongqing team of the previous games, less points ranking, in the nationwide competitive strength is relatively weak
Mr. Tian Maijiu once pointed out: the gold medal reflects the participating countries (regions) the number of top players, medals and top 8 award reflects the participating countries (regions) the outstanding player thickness, top 3 and top 8 total score can more closely reflect the participating countries (regions) of the overall competitive strength of [5]. the Chongqing 3 Olympic Games before the project is not much, resulting in the top 3 and the integral cannot well reflect its overall competitive strength. The national team is mainly accumulated total competition top 8 results (we don't talk to the other plus Olympic grading score), the projects are from the top 8 (collective ball from the top 12) according to the ranking order by at least score. How much of the total score of not only by the top 8 times, also related, and therefore we will rank order, the cumulative score of Chongqing team games and ranked as its overall competitive strength level measure.
But it is worth noting that the Games scoring rules has been modified, although does not affect the total score and the medal for each stage of Chongqing national competitive strength to reflect, but not by the fluctuation trend to determine the strength change of the competitive strength, the lack of more reflect the competitive strength of the distribution pattern of accuracy. Such as:
To stimulate the enthusiasm of the provinces and cities of the Olympic medals into the system of Chongqing 12 gold 1 silver 37 points included in the total score; in the integration of regional competitive resources, the impact of the agreement on the eastern part of the Chongqing team to actively cooperate with the eastern coastal provinces, resulting in a significant increase in the 9 points; and transportation to the PLA representatives to the "double score" and other cases. Under the control of the continuous adjustment of the integral rule, only the horizontal analysis of the competitive strength of Chongqing and other provinces and cities, and can not be used for the integration of the fluctuation of the development trend of Chongqing city.
Chongqing city in the eighth national total score of 267.5, the country ranked 24; in the ninth national total score of 389.75, the country ranked 23; in the tenth national total score of 448, the country ranked 23; in the eleventh national total score of 252.5, the country ranked 27; in the Twelfth National Total Score of 267.5, the country ranked 23. Chongqing City, the average score of 325 points, a total of 1625.25 points, the 5 session of the Chongqing city and the integral is far lower than any of those 1 Games integral first teams in a single session of the total score (see Table 2), ranking the best result is only the twenty-third, in the ranking of the downstream. Thus: the Chongqing team of the previous games, less points ranking, in the nationwide competitive strength is relatively weak. The conclusion and Research on the strength situation of "national" [6] in Chongqing city belongs to the national competitive strength is relatively weak in the group 4-5 games results.
3.3 at this stage, the Chongqing City, the project is divided into two major groups
Chongqing city reflects the previous games in the top 8 athletes participating project distribution can better competitive strength distribution pattern of the project in Chongqing city. Generally speaking, the more the more times, a number of projects to enter the national top 8, the relative strength of sports at the high level and stable development of the state, and so different. Table 3 for Chongqing city statistics before the 8 previous games won the project, Chongqing city has 12, 17, 18, 12, 13 items in the top 8 in the 8-12 National Games in Chongqing City, participated in the 5 National Games, athletics, weightlifting, wrestling, badminton, martial arts 5 projects in previous games before 8; diving, boxing, shooting, 3 projects are 4 times to enter the national top 8;
Soccer, archery, martial arts, fencing 4 projects are 3 times to enter the national top 8; Judo, taekwondo, swimming, water polo, speed skating, rowing, hockey, trampoline 8 projects have experienced 2 times to enter the 8 games before, handball, swimming, skating, gymnastics, basketball, softball, volleyball, horse racing, modern five 9 projects only 1 into 8 games before experience.
According to the project in the top 8 and won medals reflect the competitive strength, the athletic sports in Chongqing city the project is divided into two groups, the first group consisting of 8 dominant projects, assume responsibility for gold medal in the National Games, can be seen from table 3: athletics, weightlifting, martial arts routine, wrestling, badminton 5 projects from beginning to end all on behalf of the Chongqing team enter the national top 8, diving, boxing, shooting 3 projects in 4 games before 8; table 4 can be seen in the first group, the 8 projects undertaken by the city of Chongqing in the National Games gold medal and half of all the medal. The first group of the visible project not only steady enter the national top 8, and maintained a special competitive strength, is the strength of competitive sports in Chongqing city support, Chongqing city group in the previous Games team plays a mainstay role.
Chongqing City Sports second group: 10 sports soccer, archery, martial arts, swimming, Judo, taekwondo, table tennis, basketball, golf, volleyball, football, martial arts, including archery as a leader, the 3 performance is relatively good, and in the previous games achievement is relatively stable, the rapid development in nearly 3 National Games cycle, become the potential advantages of the project; and Judo, swimming, taekwondo 3 games each project have good performance, but the result is not stable; only just team table tennis and Golf 2 projects never enter the national top 8 in Chongqing, the projects of the competitive strength of the weakest.
Also have to mention is in the process of development of competitive sports in Chongqing, has been through the use of games fencing, water polo, the introduction of rules of AC speed skating, rowing, hockey, horse racing, handball, swimming, skating, softball sports teams, in order to obtain full games more entries share, and success in the National Games also obtained the corresponding results (see Table 3). But the introduction of the exchange to the project in Chongqing area has not carried out the foundation, over the reserve free training and echelon delivery, there is no long-term strategic significance, therefore, gradually fade out of Chongqing competitive sports. Gymnastics and trampoline project though there have been games top 8, but was removed in the project structure adjustment process of competitive sports in Chongqing city. These projects in the history of sports in Chongqing in a flash in a certain period of time has a certain significance, after the withdrawal of the item has no competitive strength.
4 conclusions and recommendations
4.1 knots
(1) in Chongqing city since 1997, a total of eighth, ninth, tenth in eleventh, twelfth, a total of 5 games, won 10.5 gold medals, 13.5 silver medals and 17.5 bronze medals, a total of 41.5 medals, a total score of 1625.25 points.
(2) the National Games medal number could reflect the regional team in the top level group scale. Chongqing city to participate in the 5 full shipping cycle, although the overall upward trend, but won the gold medal and the medal of the project, it can be seen, on the one hand, Chongqing city sports is a rising trend, on the other hand, due to the Chongqing City independent sports industry starting late, low level, with high competitive level of the individual, the scale of the top athletes in the country and other provinces and cities is far from.
(3) the National Games scoring rules has been modified, not by the fluctuation trend to determine the strength change of the competitive strength, but does not affect the total score and the medal of the competitive strength of Chongqing reflect, Chongqing team of the previous games, less points ranking, in the nationwide competitive strength is relatively weak.
(4) in Chongqing City, the National Games held the top 8 results of the project distribution can better reflect the project of Chongqing city athletics strength change and the project competition pattern. The project of Chongqing city according to the competitive strength is divided into two groups, the first group to athletics, weightlifting, wrestling, martial arts, boxing, badminton, diving, shooting 8 items of National Medal group; the relatively weak strength of the second group in football, Wushu, archery as a leader of a total of 10 projects.
4.2 suggestions
4.2.1 development of Chongqing City Sports long-term goal, the goal is to focus on basic projects, Chongqing City, is China's youngest municipality, independent development of competitive sports time is limited, in a very short time to catch up with other competitive sports is not realistic, if the pursuit of short-term and focus on the construction of competitive sports can only maintain a low level, a scientific basis for the development of competitive sports in Chongqing city long-term goal, and positioning stage goals. The long-term goal is to focus on the overall situation, the goal should be more emphasis, the target should be placed on the basis of the project team building, based on the project, in particular to track and field, gymnastics, three big ball, swimming as the focus. Based on the track and field, the main physical fitness project is based on the gymnastics, and the collective project is based on the collective project. The project is based on the water. In a quite long time, through the generation of coaches, athletes to achieve the continuous efforts to achieve the development of Chongqing sports.
4.2.2 to deepen the restructuring of the project, to create a group of characteristics of Chongqing? The development of competitive sports in Chongqing has been reduced by two major stages, which are less than the growth of the development and the subsequent projects. Project structure adjustment should be multi-level phase synchronization, fine adjustment, restructuring and many other means, can not blindly expansion, not because of poor performance and a veto, should give priority to the development of key projects in the existing culture, the potential advantages of the project for the new medal, but also according to the Chongqing population and the cultural characteristics, suggestions stop on high input, not popular projects such as golf, equestrian. Build projects with the characteristics of small, spirit, fast, water, quasi.
4.2.3 to strengthen the construction of coaches is the most important part of the main part of the competitive sports, the level of the coaches directly affect the strength of Chongqing. But at present, the Chongqing City, the coach team in the personnel distribution is unreasonable, the coach management and grade promotion system is not perfect, the high level of the coaches, scientific research ability and other issues has always hindered the development of coaches and even sports in Chongqing. It is imperative to carry out the construction of coaches, especially the management and promotion system of coaches. The system is not perfect, which directly restricts the enthusiasm and creativity of the coaches.
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