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患者的心理特点及护理对策

时间:2021-08-14 来源:未知 编辑:梦想论文 阅读:
Anxiety disorder is one of the common mental disorders, the pace of life in today's society is fast, high pressure of life, the incidence of anxiety disorders increased year by year, the incidence of anxiety disorders was 1.6%, the lifetime prevalence rate was 8.9%[1]. Anxiety disorder incidence rate is very slow, generally there is no obvious cause and course of disease are often able to persistent back several years long. The duration of the disease was intermittent, and the mental state was normal during the interval. Patients are always over worried, nervous and afraid. Although I know this is a subjective worry, but patients can not be out of control. In addition, patients Shang Youyi irritability, excessive sensitivity to sound stimulation, attention can not concentrate, memory loss. Anxiety is often accompanied by the movement of unrest, performance or can not sit back and forth.
 
Patients often show two eyebrow frowning, his hands trembling, pale, sweating or etc.. Some patients with anxiety disorders accompanied by significant autonomic symptoms, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, hands and feet numbness, tremor, pale complexion, facial flushing, sweating, dizziness, derealization, depersonalization, appear more serious pain symptoms.
 
1. Psychological characteristics of anxiety disorder patients
 
Patients with anxiety and self control ability to drop very serious, main clinical realization is stimulated by the smaller will produce great response, for example through a person's shadow, worm called voice may let patients restlessness, frightened to disgrace and its emotional ups and downs is very intense. Life in patients with a heavy sense of self intensified, patients often feel life pressure is too great, do anything is difficult, declining interest, work, study and social interaction, showing passive coping with the state. Patients are often accompanied by anxiety, sense of urgency, always feel that there is not enough time. Because of the decline in energy, resulting in patients did not have the ability to complete. Long time too nervous mood is difficult to be effective to clear, resulting in patients in daily rest also difficult to heal their own emotions, in the work also because the causes of anxiety in their capacities to be affected, resulting in patients with daily life and work efficiency is more chaotic, even simple things are difficult to complete. Some patients often doubt yourself suffering from an incurable disease and believe that patients for a long time in excessive stress, anxiety and psychological, the negative impact of the patient's life and work and other related aspects will continue to accumulate.
 
2, anxiety disorders in general care
 
The ward must keep beautiful, clean, comfortable, can give the patient to create a warm and comfortable environment to rest. The room should be suitable for the humidity and temperature, keep the soft light and good ventilation, and to keep quiet. Adopt a kind and friendly attitude to communicate with patients, to further narrow the doctor-patient relationship. Should encourage patients to participate in outdoor activities, for patients with somatic diseases and nursing personnel should be to let patients know, adverse psychological will of their own body and mind have caused great influence, makes the patient aware that controls the importance of his own emotional reactions. Pay attention to the patient's diet health, take the targeted diet adjustment, pay attention to the supplement of calcium diet, prevent the fracture of the patient. Before going to bed as far as possible to avoid coffee, tea, tobacco, alcohol and other irritating substances. Bedtime activities must be effectively controlled, as far as possible to reduce such as radio, TV and reading activities in time; patients only feel sleepy and then go to bed, if 20 minutes also can not sleep, it should be out of bed rest, until a sleepy after in sleep. In addition, the nursing staff should also help patients develop short-term needs to complete the goal, to achieve this goal after the patient, and then develop the next short-term goals. A daily record and evaluation in patients with active, as long as there is progress in patients, nursing staff should give positive praise and encouragement, help patients to establish the confidence to overcome the disease, so as to effectively alleviate the anxiety of patients with symptoms [2].
 
 
3, anxiety patients with psychological care
 
Nursing staff to clean and generous, to comfort and giving lenient treatment to patients, the patients were careful to take care of in order to obtain a patient recognition; keep hospital wards in the quiet, comfortable, let the patient as soon as possible to adapt to life in the hospital. Nursing staff and patients psychological communication and conversation, to have the patience to listen to, but also to verbal expression of clear and tone and attitude to ease the make patients feel a kind of affinity, able to actively cooperate with the nursing staff's work. In patients with this disease has a correct understanding of the future, patients can actively cooperate with medical personnel for treatment, so that patients can be at ease to actively treatment, recovery as soon as possible. Patients in the hospital after, nursing staff to and the families of patients and the patients themselves explain some anxiety about treatment and need to pay attention to such matters, so that family members have adequate psychological preparation, the patient may appear the symptom let patients and their families to understand clearly, to patients and their families safely with the hospital for treatment. Let family members of patients and try to eliminate psychological tension, explain the hospital nursing advantages and achievements, let patients and families feel safe and secure, to eliminate the fear of patients, to the maximum to actively cooperate with medical staff treatment. Help patients to establish a reasonable interpretation and evaluation of things. Develop patients' interests and establish good interpersonal relationships.
 
After women enter menopause, due to their ovarian function will begin to decline, and then estrogen began to decline, so that women's psychological and physiological functions appear to be a certain disorder [3]. However, in a range of symptoms, the patient's mental state of the abnormal occurrence will become very obvious. In particular, a lot of women are difficult to adapt to the symptoms of anxiety and other symptoms of menopause, and then to the female body and mind caused serious impact, but also affect the quality of life of patients. Clinically, in the diagnosis of menopausal anxiety disorder group, it is usually the main factor of biological factors [4]. However, there was no significant correlation between the symptoms of menopause and mental health in the study. However, the anxiety of women in menopause may be due to a number of social factors that led to the. Wang Yunqiong [5]
 
The necessary psychological nursing intervention for 120 cases of menopausal anxiety patients showed that anxiety symptoms can effectively reduce their anxiety symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients. Pan Caifang [6] will be 72 cases of anxiety patients randomly divided into control group and observation group, each group of 36 cases. In the control group received routine nursing measures. In the observation group, on the basis of the above are for nursing intervention, the quality of life questionnaire index evaluation for the implementation of the quality of life of patients in the two groups. The evaluation results of the control group were significantly lower than the observation group in each dimension of the questionnaire of the quality of life index.
 
4, anxiety disorder patients with rehabilitation behavior training treatment
 
At this stage, for the main measures for the treatment of patients with anxiety disorder consists of physical therapy, drug treatment and psychological treatment, in which, physical therapy, which is widely used in the relaxation therapy has been widely reported better [7-8]. Anxiety disorders occur too obvious vigilance and tension, usually with a sympathetic nervous system, when the patient is usually in the parasympathetic nervous system to relax. The so-called relaxation training, in essence, refers to the use of some of the more fixed measures to allow patients to relax physically, through the relaxation of the body to drive its psychological aspects of relaxation. Relaxation training can make the patients gradually unwind from the body in the form of a gradual transition to the spirit in the form of relaxation, which can let patients through the idea of control its skeletal muscle in continued tight, the contraction process, gradually reduce the excitability of sympathetic nerves arising from, the parasympathetic nerve is more excited, finally realizes the normal breathing frequency, limbs relaxed and pleasant mood, clear headed goal. Relaxation therapy is particularly suitable for patients with anxiety disorders, especially anxiety disorders [9]. Relaxation training on 80 cases of patients with anxiety disorder by Li Yihua [J]. Make the patients in the treatment group were physical discomfort improvements to was significantly better than the control group, further confirmed heart relaxation therapy can the patient's anxiety produce positive role in improving. Spectrum [11] for 100 cases of patients with anxiety disorder were randomly divided into the study group (50 cases) and the control group (50 cases), two groups of patients were treated with the same drug therapy and routine nursing care, the patients in the study group on the basis of the implementation of relaxation training. Anxiety of two groups of patients before and after treatment were assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and the clinical effect of the two groups was evaluated by the clinical comprehensive assessment scale (CGI).
The results showed that: after 3 weeks and 6 weeks, the study group compared with the control group, the HAMA and CGI scores were statistically significant, the study group was better than the control group. The so-called music therapy, in fact, quality is on the basis of psychotherapy, the full application of music unique physiological and psychological effect, can through the music effectively relieve the adverse psychological, the patient's physical and mental gradually returned to normal level.
 
Zhang Hongjun and other 80 patients with anxiety disorders in patients with adjuvant music therapy, the results show that music therapy to improve the quality of life and efficacy of anxiety patients may have a certain effect. Taijiquan is a kind of ancient Chinese martial arts, its rhythm is slow, it is a kind of aerobic exercise mode for the elderly. Super '3' effect of Taijiquan training on elderly patients with anxiety proof: in the group between people treated at the same time, the easy to form a friendly, supportive atmosphere, provides a relaxed and harmonious interpersonal relationship, harmonious environment and means for patients with anxiety. And often participate in this exercise in groups, to regulate emotions, make people open-minded, to further improve the patient's personality and character, improve the ability of social communication, of anxiety disorders in patients with early discharge and return to society has an important role in promoting.
 
5. Health education for patients with anxiety disorder
 
Regularly with patients of individual or collective discussion, explain to patients health knowledge. Only in this way can lighten the patient's own spirit, let them have an objective understanding of their disease, not as to produce too much psychological burden, also can effectively avoid the generation of anxiety and pessimism. Actively organize patients to participate in physical and mental activities together, on the one hand can establish a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients, on the other hand, the exchange of patients can make them better understand their own disease. The nursing staff should have special patient and careful, nursing staff familiar with the condition of each patient, understand the treatment process, pay attention to the treatment effect.
 
Lifengli on 78 patients with anxiety disorder patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group were 39 cases, two groups of patients were given anti anxiety drug treatment, the control group was given routine psychiatric care and treatment group on the basis of the control group given patient health education, psychological nursing and social guidance comprehensive nursing intervention, after treatment, two groups of efficiency compared with the treatment group was significantly better than the control group. Medical staff and family members of patients communication process, should let the family feel the affection of relatives of patients can speed up the rehabilitation of patients with, feel to bring home a warm and a more pleasant mood of anxiety to ease the role and ensure that patients to establish the confidence to overcome the disease. Conscientiously implement the relevant knowledge of health education content, for different objects, the application of the targeted publicity and publicity content, so that the majority of patients can understand their own diseases through health education. Pay attention to anxiety disorders in the early performance, how early detection, early treatment, prevention of suicide behavior, reduce recurrence. In the recovery period, the patient's family should be more concerned about the patient, and effectively reduce the impact of various stress factors, to avoid patients with long time alone at home. So, can improve patient medication compliance, avoid relapse.
 
reference
 
[1] Zhu Jingxi, Wei Ying, Tan Wenzhong, etc. of the [J]. Of citalopram in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder case-control study [J]. Shandong mental medicine, 2006, 19 (2): 130-131.
 
[2] Zhang Yan. The role of nursing intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders [J]. Heilongjiang Journal of medicine, 2013, 37 (6): 482-483.
 
[3] Wang Qihong. Psychotherapy and psychological nursing for the patients with climacteric syndrome [J]. Chinese and foreign medical treatment, 2011, 30 (32): 167
 
[4] Gao Ruihuan, Zhang Yanxia. Psychological nursing of female patients with Chinese medicine specialist in traditional Chinese medicine [J]. China Medical Guide, 2012, 10 (25): 337-338.
 
[5] Wang Yunqiong. Psychological nursing intervention for the treatment of menopause anxiety [J]. medical information, 2013, 26 (14): 602-603.
 
[6] Pan Caifang. Nursing intervention on 72 cases of anxiety disorder [J]. medical information, 2013, 26 (9):354.
 
[7], Zhen Fen Kou, Zhang, et al. Relax treatment Minkang medical science of China, 2013, 25 (3): 44 -46. efficacy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder [J].
 
[8] Wang Ligang, Liu Cunqiang, Wang Hongyan. A controlled study of psychotherapy combined with in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder [J]. Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Diseases, 2014, 20 (3): 88-89.
 
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