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解析“类”概念

时间:2021-08-14 来源:未知 编辑:梦想论文 阅读:


In the post textbook era, the attention of the people gradually increased. Based on the theory of philosophy, Gao Qinghai "s teacher" s philosophy combines the theory with the reality, and puts forward the practical theoretical basis to solve the realistic problem. This paper from the analysis of the philosophy of teacher Gao, the basic connotation of the interpretation of Marx's "class" concept, through the understanding of the basic theory, theory and reality together, analysis of the contemporary significance of philosophy class.
 
What kind of philosophy"
 
"Philosophy" is from the people, is a concrete manifestation of the practical point of view, and the traditional philosophy from the body to understand the different people, philosophy is from the people to understand the philosophy of people as a concrete reality of the people. In the view of Marx's philosophy, Marx mentioned the concept of "class" in many of his works, and the "philosophy of class" by the author of the thesis refers to a series of concepts and categories proposed by the author for the "class" by Marx. The Chinese "philosophy" is a series of thinking in philosophy teacher Gao initiated research in that, "Marx's philosophy has realized the fundamental change of theory, but in the class of problems we can only as laid a foundation, the rich connotation of this theory, Marx did not have swing, which is caused by historical reasons." The interpretation of [1]234 high definition of the sea teacher makes the study of Marx in China turn from practical materialism to practical thinking logic. Mr. Gao Qinghai wrote in his book "human is to consciously adapt to this kind of existence, also in philosophy transformation of mode of thinking, from a basic feature of spontaneous theory, to the class as the basic concept of consciousness philosophy." [1]220 Gao put forward by the teacher class philosophy is a philosophy of man, that he is around the "class" concept and "kind" concept in the class generation basis, including a higher than, what is the "class", how to understand the "life", "the logic of humanity" and "material the logic of" problem. Gao Qinghai's philosophy of the class is the contemporary social problems in China, and the problems of the contemporary spirit, truth and value, market economy and so on. Mr. Gao Qinghai walked out of the textbook of traditional philosophy, people will put to focus on problems, starting from the practice view of Marx, trying to explain the life state of contemporary people and to be, go to the core of the contemporary social problems from people and practice. The transformation of society needs the change of thought, the transformation of the society needs the support of the philosophy thought, he changes the philosophy idea with the explanation principle of the philosophy and the value coordinate, and changes the rigid thinking way of people. Teacher Gao Qinghai is not only Marx's interpretation of the theory and practice of concept, he is the starting point to solve the problems of modern society to China philosophy, the question of development, people's self realization and social economic development.
 
Two, the historical form of class concept
 
To understand the "philosophy", it is necessary to return to the most basic concept. The concept of "class" started from the works of Feuerbach, Marx made a systematic explanation on the differences and relations between the two understanding of "class" concept is more conducive to our understanding of what is, and understand the true spirit of philosophy class.
 
1 spirituality and sociality: Feuerbach's concept of "class"
 
Feuerbach's "class" concept is the core concept of "the essence of Christianity" his book, he passed on to criticize the interpretation of the concept of God and religion, to realize the unification of the theory and reality of the foundation.
 
As a kind of abstract theory, Feuerbach is endowed with two connotations: the first is the human nature; the other is the "you" that is opposed to the "me", that is, the individual who exists outside the main body of the two. Feuerbach in his text is based on the relationship between man and himself and the relationship between man and animals two basic relations and spiritual and social aspects of the concept of class.
 
In the aspect of spirit, Feuerbach understood and defined the class as the inner life of man. Feuerbach will be the "inner life" as one of their own nature consciousness, namely "class consciousness". Animal and human has the object, and the animal is different in both the object in its own class for the object. Animals have a single life and people have a double life, is an important difference between man and animals. Unlike the animal that has a single life, but has a double life - "inner life" and "external life." Feuerbach will be the substance of people who called the "external life", the spiritual life of people known as the "inner life". It shows to some extent from the consciousness of Feuerbach the theory of man and reality is the internal connection, because people have a material life is the real part, and also has the spirit of life is theory, which Feuerbach initially demonstrated a deep thinking of the class. But he did not go further thinking and demonstration, due to various limitations of Feuerbach led him to the individual's material life significance, the essence of the substance of human erase, do not recognize the reality person merely on the abstract person stage. Therefore, he did not really reveal the true relationship between the theory and the real person.
 
In the social aspect of the class, Feuerbach expounds the concept of "class existence" and "class life". In the introduction to the essence of Christianity, Feuerbach puts forward the concept of "class being". Literally, it can be understood as a broad "existence", including the natural existence of the class, but Feuerbach is more inclined to use it in the sense of society. Although Feuerbach put in the theory of human nature contained in the group, literally he will put in the human nature and the relationship among people, but in fact Feuerbach is just to talk to people in the legal, moral, scientific and spiritual "essence", can also be said that he had never really touched the essence people.
 
2 political universality: Marx's concept of class
 
Feuerbach's concept of class has had a great impact on Marx, in the 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (hereinafter referred to as the manuscript) in the concentration of his concept of the category of the. Marx in the "Manuscript" in the use of a large number of human essence, existence, life and other terms, has inherited Feuerbach's concept, on the other hand, the transformation of the concept of giving new and more comprehensive on the class. Marx takes practice as the foundation of his theory, and gives a new explanation to the class.
 
In the manuscript, Marx defined man as a kind of being, which absorbed Feuerbach's view of man as an object, a feeling, a natural reality. Marx thinks that human beings are active natural beings, and the objectification of human activities can transform nature.
 
In the manuscript, Marx said: "production and life is the life of the class...... The nature of the activities of life contains all the characteristics of a species, the characteristics of its class, and the free and conscious activity is precisely the characteristics of human class." [2]80 therefore, with this free and conscious "production is more than his active life," [2]51. expression also further explain the relationship between animal and human activities, it is the same with the animal, human activity is different, the human activity is a kind of conscious activity.
 
The activity of an animal is an individual's own activity. In Marx's view, the production activity of human being is a kind of life, a kind of kind of characteristic lies in the nature of its life activity. It can be said that Marx's "class life" means "free and conscious activity", and the essence of human being is a universal and natural essence.
 
On the whole, Marx goes beyond the old philosophy of the past, from the object of human activities that human nature is not a person's emotional existence, but emotional activities.
 
People show, create and perfect their essence in practice. From practice to understand the world. In contrast to Marx and Feuerbach's concept of class, we can find that the concept has a lot in common. Feuerbach's concept of class has a profound influence on the thought of Marx, and in many cases, the use of "class" by the author of the theory of the concept of the class of the"
 
The concept of "essence of class" explains the concept of Feuerbach, but there are many differences between the concept of Marx and that of. Through the comparison of the two kinds of concepts, we can reveal the internal relations and differences between the early Marx doctrine and the philosophy of Feuerbach, and then sort out the internal logic relationship.
 
Comparing Marx and Feuerbach's conception of the nature of human being, Feuerbach regards man as the essence of human being, and as the essence of human nature, the consciousness of freedom is regarded as the essence of human being by the consciousness of human being, which is the essence of human being. In the discussion of the "essence of human being", Feuerbach regards "class" as the difference between man and animal as a kind of class. The starting point is not the sociality of human beings, but the biological nature of human beings. Marx, however, uses the transformation of nature to prove the nature of human being, and the essence of human being is determined by the nature of the work of remaking nature.
 
Three, contemporary significance of Philosophy
 
1 philosophical turn
 
The "philosophy" of the philosophy China from the textbook system of philosophy to pay attention to the Soviet rigid and practical philosophy, the philosophical theory of "make people achieve in people's consciousness, can give full play to the attitude of the people, people's point of view, the role of people with all things and treat, and then continue to improve as people's thought, sublimate their own humanity character, make people become truly free and conscious person." The emergence of [3]217 philosophy marks the turning of modern Chinese philosophy. In 1960s, people accept the Soviet textbook rigid education, the development of thought and philosophy are in a rigid state, to 80s, Gao et al., in order to promote the people's ideological progress, inspire innovative thinking, practical thinking to change the textbook system. The growing material and cultural needs, and promote the development of the theory, the philosophy of philosophy to promote the liberation of philosophy.
 
The emergence of the philosophy of class makes Chinese contemporary philosophy turn to the attention of people, and form the trend of "human studies" in the contemporary Chinese philosophy system. With the western countries, the formation of a dialogue of human thinking, triggered a series of human nature, human nature, human subjectivity. This turn will undoubtedly inject vitality and vigor into the development of contemporary Chinese philosophy.
 
2 solving social problems
 
"The state of mind and spirit are the basic premise for the creation of human being's ability to create". [1]275, the concern of the philosophy of human nature provides us with a new standard of value to solve social problems. HD sea pointed out that the future of the human being is going to class [1]257, people gradually found their own class nature and class. The consciousness of human being has gradually replaced the rule of class, and the problems of human beings, people and society have been re understood. From individual to generalization, from individual centered consciousness to all people. Society is a place for people to live, we should regard people and people, people and society as a whole, change the concept of anthropocentrism. In the process of dealing with the relationship between man and nature, we should pay more attention to the integrity, which is very important for us to solve a series of social problems. We will focus on the human body and not human at the center position, and not in accordance with their subjective wishes to change the nature, philosophy requires a holistic concept, along with the harmony between man and nature.
 
In the market economy, "that kind of judgment based on extreme opposition and choice of efficiency and fair view has been more and more strongly opposed and negative, both double the value of efficiency and fairness perception has been the consensus of the people" [1]368. on economic development issues, philosophy should be put in the first place the pursuit of people with the development of social justice, and the capitalist society the pursuit of capital expansion, philosophy is a kind of pursuit of fairness, justice embodies human pursuit of efficiency.
 
The development of modern society in China, should not only pursue the speed, but also the pursuit of sustained and stable development of society, we can not take the road of primitive accumulation of capitalism, we should take into account the efficiency and fairness.
 
Reference?
 
[1] hd. Human life and philosophy of class: the contemporary philosophy of the future [M]. Changchun: Jilin people's publishing house, 1998
 
[2] Marx, Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 [M]. Beijing: People's publishing house, 1979
 
[3] hd. Retrieve lost philosophical self [M]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University press, 2004
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