In recent years, "governance" has become the academic discourse research in the field of law and politics often about the party's the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee report will also be incorporated into the system of discourse, and to promote national governance systems and governance capacity modernization as one of the overall goal of deepening reform. It should be pointed out that it points out the direction of our country's comprehensive deepening reform, and puts forward the measures and requirements for the reform of practical activities, which is of great strategic significance. Perhaps, conform to the trend of response to realistic logic dictates, national governance modernization also become the academic hot words, issues related to national governance systems and governance capacity modernization research in two aspects of theory and practice gradually. From the perspective of social philosophy, society is a "unified" people based on a real difference based on the people of the organism, this relationship between man and society based on the modernization of national governance embodies the modern rules, mechanisms and procedures for the characterization of the social object and as social governance the modernization of people's own capacity.
A historical retrospect of the relationship between man and society
Marx in "Das Kapital" bluntly, the distinction between the economic times, what is not production, which is how the production, what the production of labor. ". On the stage of human history, the whole capitalist society before the society, due to insufficient production capacity, the development of human society and the scope is narrow, human and social contact can only be limited in time and space are isolated and one-sided.
Marx thinks that the more we go back to history, the more individuals "are not independent, they belong to a larger whole.". Based on this, we can sort out the different representations of the relationship between human and society in different historical periods.
1 primitive community: perceptual harmony
Early stage of human society, people have to face the harsh natural environment and lack of survival ability and other objective constraints, and the spontaneous formation of a collective, "the natural community, and not share (temporarily) and land use results, but the premise". Marx said: "the ability characteristics of the development of the original community" period of the people, which is summarized as "original rich", here the "original" refers to the limitation of the ability of people, not free, is not sufficient, "they are half animal, is brutal, in him also do not know themselves incapable of action. The power of". Here the "rich people" refers to the activities of labor versatility that people all blend into one harmonious whole, activity. The relationship between people and society at this time mainly for the relationship between the individual and the family or kinship, it is always necessary for subsistence production and reproduction of the species. "Labor is not developed,...... The social system, the more is dominated by kinship in a large extent."
That is to say, when the productivity is low, the production of human beings plays a decisive role. With the same time as Marx Morgan in Hawaii islands natives also reached a similar conclusion: "kinship plays a decisive role in all savage and barbarian peoples social system." And so, this period of human and society on the whole is still in the original state of chaos unity, at this time the "human dependence" is limited to individuals of community dependence "was initially very naturally in the family and clan expanded to become family; later in various forms caused by conflict and the fusion between clans of the commune in the". In the relationship between man and clan commune, the germination of governance is reflected in the internal affairs of clan commune. Of course, the relationship between people in the process of material production and life is very narrow. This division is based on two points: on the one hand, people must be engaged in work; on the other hand, due to the labor's difference, fulfill the same labor is not realistic, that is to say "the talent (such as physical), need, contingency and so on to spontaneously or naturally formed" division of labor "9. Marx also believes that the nature of the division of labor is not a "true division of labor", and did not improve productivity until the separation of animal husbandry and agriculture to make the division of labor possible. First appeared in the social division of labor after physical labor and mental labor, Marx called it a "civilized division": "the national development level of productivity, the degree of development of the most obvious performance in the national division of labor. Any new productivity, as long as it is not so far known as the mere expansion of the amount of productive forces (for example, reclamation of land), will lead to further development of division of labor."
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It also shows that the development of human society is a natural historical process. Of course, the division of labor plays an important role in the development of the "primitive community", which becomes the necessary condition for the emergence of private ownership and the emergence of the state. By combining the productive forces with the social situation, the material production and the spiritual production, the labor and the enjoyment are assumed by different people. It can be said that the division of labor is the premise of national governance.
The emergence of class is one of the preconditions of national governance. Marx believes that the collective property and common interests must exist in the clan society, individual members for the protection and distribution of the mission, therefore lead to new social division of labor, and later set up protection and prevent disputes mechanism, this is the beginning of germination and the formation of the state power class. Engels also pointed out that another reason is the formation of prisoners of war were used to class work, this is a kind of progress, instead of killed and eaten destiny, at least can protect life and correct. In the above circumstances, the "primitive community" gradually declined, the slave production as a more representative of the development of productive forces of social demand began to emerge.
2 slave states: preliminary separation
The "human dependence" in this period is not only reflected in the nature, but also in the aspect of society. With the emergence of private ownership and the emergence of class, the first class social slavery society in human history. Marx of the so-called civilization quite detailed description: "the most humble interests --- shameless greed, violent, despicable, enjoy the desire for fame and wealth on public property, opened a new egoistic plunder and civilized social class; the most despicable means, theft, fraud, breach of trust, strong business - destroyed the old classless Gentile society, put it to collapse."
Aside from the emotion, social philosophy holds that it is a great historical progress. When the class contradictions arise, the role of state governance is highlighted. The common interests of the ruling class are regulated by the "independent form" of the state, and the state is often divorced from the actual interests and the interests of all. At this time as the class society governance has two aspects: first, the slave class interests within the allocation and conflict mediation; second, slave possession, distribution and use of the means of production or even slaves, when in the intensification of class contradictions, contradictions between slaves and slave owners become a regulation mechanism.
In particular, the land system is a reflection of the country's fight for political power distribution, but also the basis of national economic rule. Such as the early stage of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties China also belong to the national governance, the king and the king of Zhou's "Lord of the world" way to rule the world, has the name of the "world" ownership and domination ", everywhere under heaven, and all this land belongs to the king, are the king's servants", is this sense the.
3 feudal state: continue to separate
In the feudal society, the ruling class represented by the monarch ruled the oppressed people, which was realized by the feudal political and economic culture. The essence of contempt in "the monarchy principle is generally despised, and no longer people. Of course, the national governance of feudal society in countries of different civilizations and different times in different forms. For example, the European medieval feudal ruling class (also divided into secular feudal lords and the church feudal lord and serf) as the basic class for their ruling ideology, Marx pointed out: "the history of the Middle Ages only know a form of ideology, namely, religion and theology."
The feudal China is mainly represented by the national governance of the monarchy at the national level and the social governance of the patriarchal clan system. The emperor is the representative of the landlord class, the "divine," dragon in the world; the social level, each member of the family has no economic independence, no personal freedom. "Human dependence" is mainly manifested as follows: on the micro dependent on the patriarchal system and the clan, the macro is relying on the emperor's ruling group. National governance mainly through the implementation of the family, clan and form of regime, the final implementation is one country.
4 capitalist countries: "they are people outside the society"
In the modern times, on the one hand, the feudal system of national governance increasingly decadent performance in the relationship between man and society, people began to break out from the holism, stood up in front of God, the human subjectivity has been established. In Europe, this is not only reflected in the Renaissance and the enlightenment, and humanism against human enslavement, theocracy and secular power, but also in the liberation of science from theology, technological revolution gave birth to the first industrial revolution, human nature has been proved to be very good. At the same time, the initial assets are often for duty to labor, with reasonable and system requirements of their way of life, their humility and restraint, gentle, frugal and correct Chun. On the other hand, "violence is every breeds new society of old society, midwife" bourgeois revolution has prompted major changes in the relationship between man and society, Marx often referred to as "political emancipation" is in this sense. To obtain the bourgeois regime actively adopt the capitalist mode of production, the implementation of modern civilization, saying, "it is in its own image to create a world". The bourgeois revolution in the social transformation, the liberation of the productive forces, to achieve the "two separation", namely the country and the economic activities of national separation. Separation and religious activities.
Most of the bourgeois scholars believe that capitalism in political economic and cultural system with natural rationality, calling them rooted in human nature. From 1840s, Marx began to argue that the governance system of the bourgeois state has a temporary nature. He pointed out: the criticism in Proudhon reflects the social relations and economic form of regulation difference to ignore and abstract away, there is no slave and citizen, there is no difference between capitalists and workers, because they are people. Or on the contrary, in a capitalist society, was the only person in the society they are, "the A itself is not a slave, he in his membership in the society and through the society became slaves. It is the rule of the society to be slaves and citizens
Why is it that capitalism is not a human being in society? Marx believes that although capitalism over the previous few economic society is a historical progress, but is the realization of the "independence" to objects based on the dependence of people on the surface. Although people can freely dispose of their labor, but this independence is through a specific social relationship is confirmed and the performance of the capital. In a word, it is the social relationship that is based on the materialization, and finally becomes the social force that people can't control.
We discuss the people and society in the governance of capitalist countries, not to open a concept and a school, that is, the concept of "civil society" and anthropocentrism. The concept of "civil society" is put forward by Hagel and perfected by Marx. Hagel believes that civil society is the link between family and state, and the real relationship has become "the concept of intrinsic imagination." Marx thought he had the reality have the order reversed relationship, pointed out that "the family and civil society is the premise of the state", "civil society and families make oneself become the country. They are power ". Marx thinks that there are individual and state in the nation are separated, the reason is the" bourgeois political liberation "is not" human liberation ", so the modern nation cannot realize the essence of a person even to the interests of the people. As a mainstream of thought, human centralism is not only reflected in the relationship between man and nature, but also in the relationship between man and society. Such as Darwin's theory of "evolution" was later evolution of social Darwinism, the survival of the fittest and become the law of the jungle cannibalism among individuals, ethnic and national reasons. People put money instead of the sword became the first lever of social power, the relationship between man and society has become increasingly tense, the national bourgeoisie governance also appears complex trend of decline can hardly be avoided.
Two, the basic characteristics of the relationship between man and society
The comb can form a basic judgment based on: in the socialist society, the history of mankind has been in chaos cycle. In order to adapt to the whole system of governance, compare the ruling class of the development of social productivity, the same is the ruling class to or can afford this governance system. Man and society is generally a positive correlation between; on the other hand, in troubled times, countries lack of governance or governance system has serious problems, the effective governance of the country to expand, the external environment factors plus the national decline, the old social order does not exist. People must go through social integration, rebuild the relationship between man and society, and then form a more suitable for the people and social development of the objective reality of the national governance system. The positive and negative correlation between this kind of person and society is mutual influence, mutual restriction and mutual agitation.
1 positive correlation
This mainly refers to the positive impact on the society or society to the people, the two is a good interaction between each other, two-way interaction. Specifically, as the main body of the people for the construction of society and its development, as well as the object of social support for people's survival and development of its promotion. In this regard, Marx pointed out: "just as the society itself produces people as human beings, society is also produced by human beings."
Marx had no one social metaphor of "imaginary community" and "imaginary community", and leave the society or not in a certain social production in the individual can only be "a single isolated hunter and fisherman", "thought Robinson."
From the history of the evolution of economic and social form, this positive correlation maintains the positive development and progress of human beings and society.
(1) the creation of social structure and the promotion of social development. As mentioned above, society is made up of people and created by human beings. The positive role of human being in the society is mainly for people to establish the social structure system and the national governance system. First, people in this category based on the essence of labor, formed a social community, and through the practice of economic political cultural construction to maintain the EEC good operation of social structure and national governance system, which is from the aspect of social subject. From the point of view of social objects, because United individuals can only in a certain social order in the protection of labor share, they maintain other interests to realize such social structure and national governance system came into being. Specifically, the social main body and social object are formed in the practice and development of the "labor is the first the basic conditions of human life, and to the extent that, in the sense that we have to say that labor created man himself." further, the practice of labor from the animal derived again, from the natural differentiation of society. People make their own history, firstly, through the practice of material production to a certain productive forces and production relations as the main content of the economic system, on the basis of this country and the formation of the erection of the superstructure, the political and cultural system.
Second, the essential needs of human beings also promote the development and progress of society. Here people can be divided into two parts, such as the basic necessities of life and other substances need to be satisfied by changing the nature, and as the difference between human and animal is need only be fulfilled from the social life. The reality is that individual social subject's own ability is limited, and the social structure of the system due to the stage of development restrictions also have certain objective restrictions, often can not meet people beyond the higher levels of need. People only go through further improvement and development of social political and cultural activities, the social structure of the system according to their own wishes, to meet their own needs, such as the adjustment of relations of production, political system and cultural system reform, including the reconstruction of the national governance system. The practical goal of all fields of society is the free development of people and even the overall development. The free and comprehensive development of the local realization, in class society is limited to the ruling class. In other words, human development and social progress are complementary, social development is bound to be a natural historical process.
(2) social support for the survival and development of people. First, the society to create conditions for people to meet the needs of. Marx pointed out that, as a social existence, "is not only a social animal, and it is only in the society of independent animal." one isolated from the society for production and life is rare, people do not live together and talk to each other and have the language development is unbelievable. That is to say, it is very difficult to become the main body of the society to eliminate the existence of social order and the results of other people's labor. Only in the existing social conditions, people can form a certain social relations, the establishment of the social structure system. It provides a benign and orderly division of labor and production relations, so that we can more effectively engage in a variety of practical activities, and ultimately access to a variety of labor results. Second, the law of social development plays a positive role in human's practical activities. Although the objectivity of social law is different from the law of nature, that is, only exists in the activities of people and play a role. This is the image of Marx as a "drama" and "drama", but as a social existence, people are bound to be in the practice of the formation of the rule of law. For example, people are not free to choose the productive forces as the basis of all history. Through the practice of their own people to promote the development of productive forces, the transformation of their services for the production of the relationship between the top two and even the superstructure, it is only a historical necessity. "No matter how subjectively the individual is detached from the relationship, he is always the product of these relationships in the social sense." The history of China's reform and opening up has fully proved the decisive role of the law of social development on human development and social development from two aspects.
2 negative correlation
The negative correlation between human beings and society means the negative and negative effects of human beings on society and society, and will eventually produce destructive consequences. In the class society, the relationship between man and society in this negative correlation time is long, the class can only temporarily slow down the negative effect of harmonic and intense, but not really solve this negative correlation.
(1) social repression of people. Since the society is an organic complex whole, is a kind of incomparable coercive force exists, so when the contradiction between man and society, this oppressive tendency will be highlighted. The state governance, which is rigid and does not adapt to the development of the society, is bound to restrict the freedom of the people, to deprive the rights of the people, to restrain the ability of the people, and even to deprive people of the right to subsistence and development. In reality, the strengthening of the political system in the name of the country as a whole is often an integral part of the power to deny the value of the individual. In the ruling class, the use of powerful national power to the rule of the rulers, in essence, is the externalization of interests between people. "Violence is only a means, on the contrary, economic interest is the purpose. The purpose of the means to achieve the purpose of the means to have much larger 'basic'"
The social culture has the characteristics of inheritance and hysteresis, and its influence on people is often invisible and far-reaching. Moreover, since the entry of human beings into the history of the world, the repression of the wider international community has been characterized by colonialism, which is known as "Neo colonialism" after World War ii. He pointed out: according to Marx's understanding, "overall, in industrialized countries wage labourer class cannot be seen as a symbol of human poverty and reference. It is this poor people in developing countries are most representative of the victims ". This repression is developed through their own advantages, take the military threat, economic, cultural and technological monopoly control output and other means of control, and the governments of developing countries, various forms of exploitation of the people.
(2) people's revolt against society. As a social being, human beings can passively evade and transform themselves, and even reconstruct a kind of social structure and social order. As David Popenoc thought:
Everyone has a certain ability to resist the domination of society....... People can also play a controlling role in the process. When people think that an action is ineffectual, they can refuse to learn or perform this action."
In fact, touch the moral bottom line, contrary to public order and morals, law and crime, and even opposition against the other, its manifestations as human relations distortions, is essentially to the existing social order discontent, result is to gradually eliminate the social structure. In the class society, once people have been dissatisfied with the old national governance system, the violent revolution will happen for a long time and destroy the rigid social structure. The change of the economic and social form, as well as the replacement of the state power in every social form, are the result of the negative correlation between the human and the society. In modern western society, individuals are increasingly trapped in a crisis or alienation environment, people and society gradually alienated, excessive indulgence in self, lost self, which is the contemporary expression of human and social contradictions. In short, a negative correlation between human and social interaction to change the boundary, will inevitably lead to the transformation of the state regime change and social form.
Three, the intersection of the relationship between man and society
In the broad historical perspective of national governance, the relationship between man and society is always and human beings and nature, the relationship between attendant and restrict each other. Essentially, this is the result of the interaction between natural necessity and historical necessity. It can be said that the relationship between man and nature is the basis for the existence of man and society, and also the foundation of the relationship. The relationship between man and man not only affects the degree of the unity of the relationship between man and nature, but also affects the level of understanding of the unity of the latter. However, in the process of national governance, the relationship between man and society is an important meeting point of other two relations.
The social philosophy believes that the national governance system as a social system, but also regulate and restrict the social relations and the system form a fixed pattern. In the modern sense, society is the link between man and nature. Without society, there is no real relationship between man and nature. Marx's argument is even more profound: "all production is the individual in a certain form of society and the use of such a social form of possession of nature."
The essence of society is the existence of human and nature, and only in the society can we better understand the nature of nature and the meaning of human existence. Marx also stressed that "we should avoid to put" social "as abstract things up with individual opposition," and I own existence is the social activity ". The problem of man's existence and development," regardless of its content or its existing way, are social activities and social enjoyment. "So said Marx is the essence of social unity of naturalism and humanism, that is to realize the two only in the society is possible.
Man and nature exist as the subject and object, and the practice of production is the intermediary of the relationship between the two. A natural form of the process of production practice makes people and natural material exchange can be realized, the material production activities of people engaged in the production process; second, social practice mainly means the labor process, producing social relations. "People not only affect the nature of production, but also affect each other. They can only carry out production in a certain way and by exchanging their activities. In order to carry out production, people will have a certain relationship and relationship between each other; only in the scope of these social relations and social relations, they will have an impact on the nature, will have production." When Marx talked about the constitution of society:
"Production relations together constitute the so-called social relationship, constitute the so-called social, and constitute a certain historical stage of development in the society, has the unique characteristics of the society", "the sum of every production relationship also marks the human history in a special stage in this exhibition. If that takes nature as a giant system in which cover and contain everything, people must derive the social subsystem. The significance of the existence of social system lies in the fact that people can organize themselves more effectively and engage in certain material production, breeding and other activities. "All production is the possession of the individual in the form of a certain society and in the form of such a society."
Realize the humanization of nature and natural person, must be through the social relationship with nature. However, the tension of the relationship between man and nature, such as environmental and resource problems, has not been solved fundamentally.
The modernization of national governance system is an important symbol of modern society and provide institutional guarantee for the modernization of the people; and the modernization of national governance capacity is an important aspect of the modernization of the people, to provide intellectual support for the modernization of the society. Therefore, the positive interaction between man and society becomes the necessary condition for the improvement of the relationship between man and man, man and himself.
In the political field, the modernization of national governance for the people to get rid of the past that "the right to lay the foundation for the characterization of political ecology; the relationship between people and society show a positive interaction, to provide conditions for people and their harmonious relationship. The history of the relationship between people and people long time performance for "human dependency". It is China patriarchal society clan, imperial power, or the European medieval theocracy is the dependence of the performance. In addition, people in the face of strong society can only be the result of the separation of the body and mind. Such as Chinese imperial ideology and official standard thought, caused by the national psychological subjects mentality and servility ingrained ideas. The relationship between people and society in the modernization of national governance, because of the positive promotion of social modernization and the further development of individual independent consciousness. In economic terms, the interactive relationship between people and society, eliminate the relations of production system constraints on productivity, will promote the rapid development of economy, and at the same time in the material get full, also provided the conditions for the people to strive for more free time, this is the national governance modernization in the meaning of. The positive interaction between people and society, while improving the political and economic conditions, has also created cultural conditions. People have political equality and economic independence, making people more harmonious exchanges, so as to provide people with the possibility of physical and mental harmony. On the other hand, as long as people leave the society, they may become "inhuman", and eventually will be incompatible with people's social life.
Part four: the realistic meaning of Marx and social discourse
30 years of social transformation has brought profound changes in economic and social life, how to prevent the abuse of power and control, to prevent power privatization and fragmentation, how to balance the three kinds of power, market and society? The rapid transition of China calls for a more rational and effective national governance. Some scholars from the perspective of the international perspective of governance and good governance related; some scholars are not simply from the historical logic of the "rule", "management concept to be followed, but they were abandoned, give a richer and more progressive meanings, which reflect the collaborative governance of multiple subjects under the command of the party effectively the.
Marx believes that the existence of the society as an object is an organic whole. Durkheim also pointed out: social division to the traditional social "mechanical solidarity", while the modern social division of labor on the function of social integration, to achieve the "organic unity". In this sense, the modernization of national governance system is the social integration function more perfect, the social structure to achieve the orderly combination of inside and outside, the the social organism is more full of vigor and vitality.
Marx also believes that people, society and their relations are realistic. First of all, people are realistic. It is the premise of human history, we began to talk about "the premise is not arbitrary proposed, is not a dogma, but some only in the imagination can put aside the realistic premise. This is the reality of the individual, their activities and their material conditions of life. The former refers to the human being is not static, but the continuous development of his living conditions and nature are the result of practice, the nature of the provisions of the human nature will continue to be confirmed. Secondly, the society is realistic. The social community which is constituted by the realistic individual can only guarantee the existence and development of the realistic individual. The social structure system established by the realistic person must be connected with the real person. Marx opposed to abstract society, he believes that all social life is essentially a practice. The result of the abstraction and conceptualization of the society in the theory of philosophy will lead to a non realistic understanding of the society, and it will inevitably lead to people's practical activities. This is also the source of some utopian social theory and social thoughts from the actual error analysis the relationship between human and society. The most important thing is that the process of interaction between the real person and the real society is a two-way interactive relationship. Marx summed up as "the creation of the environment, the same, the environment also create people", of course, the interaction between the two eventually unified in the practice of human social life. "Man creates the environment" means that the subject of the society is objectified or objectified, "in the process of transforming the object world,...... People not only like that in consciousness in the spirit of their dual, dynamic, and realistic to make his own double, so in the world he had created in their own intuitive. "" environment creation "means the social object or non object, embodies the passivity of the social subject. The main body of society, because of the restriction and development of the social object, takes the initiative to enhance the ability, change the constitution, reshape the material life and the spiritual life style, etc..
In the context of the modernization of national governance, Marx's thought resources are of great practical significance.
1 the historical inevitability and realistic urgency of national governance modernization
In the past 66 years, our national governance modernization has experienced at least 3 stages. (1) in 1949 and 1956 the establishment of new China entered the new period of socialist construction as a symbol of our country to solve the crisis of society as a whole of hundreds of years, from all aspects of society to get rid of the semi feudal semi colonial, national governance start a road of modernization. At that time, the political package to solve the problem has become more realistic and necessary, but we take the Soviet model with the "Cultural Revolution" broke out to the end. (2) since the reform and opening up in the past 35 years, our party has made great efforts to promote the reform of the system of economy, politics, culture and other fields with great political courage. (3) since 2012, especially in the party's the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, our party has made the modernization of national governance as the goal and requirement of deepening the reform in a comprehensive way. Called the new stage, because we are facing a new situation and new tasks of national governance. In December 2014, Xi Jinping put forward "four overall strategic layout research in Jiangsu, is a comprehensive well-off society and deepening reform, comprehensively promote the rule of law, strictly. Here are the specific steps of the modernization of national governance, but also the specific description of the final outcome of national governance modernization.
Socialism is not easy, nor things should be immutable and frozen, like any other social system, it is often regarded as change and reform society. In the development process of the whole Chinese characteristics, reform is the most distinctive theme, the modernization of national governance is the further improvement of the socialist system. As early as in 1992, when the conversation in the south, Deng Xiaoping has pointed out: "I am afraid that there will be thirty years, we will be in all aspects of the formation of a more mature, more stereotyped system. In this system, the guidelines, policies, but also more standardized."
The modernization of national governance, which is carried out in China, is just the basic direction and measure of realizing the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Deng Xiaoping once pointed out: the problem is not solved, the problem can not be solved. The objective reality, as the development of historical logic, is based on the reality of people and the social reality.
2 national governance system and its ability to be benign interaction
The relationship between the state governance system and capacity in the class society is not a positive interaction. Marx believes that the principle of governance of capitalist countries is flawed, because it is not determined by personal will, but determined by the objective relationship. "In life of the nation, it is easy to go astray, the objective nature is neglect all kinds of relations, and with the will of the parties to explain everything."
In essence, the people and society in the class state are separated, and the country and its governance system that stands on the society are also separated from the governed. As for the national governance system and governance capacity of the Chinese characteristic socialism, the two embodies the relationship between social modernization and human modernization. Even though the development of a series of national governance rules, mechanism, procedure and even system, and as the subject of national governance governance capacity of people without modernization, even lack of intrinsic motivation, so the modernization of national governance is out of the question. Xi Jinping comprehensive deepening of reform leading group meeting in May 5, 2015 on the center that should be striving to reform and promote school, is also in this sense. The main body of the state governance must be the combination of the three, the good and the willing.
3 national governance system and its ability is an organic unity of society is established by the practice of human society in various forms
On the basis of the economic, political and cultural elements of the organic combination of the complex, the state is the product of social development in a certain stage. In the class society, the national public power and public separation, its governance capacity is essentially "but itself on the society and increasingly with different social power from the society, the ruling class repression and exploitation of the oppressed class means. This system of governance and governance capacity is consistent and integrated in a certain period of time and scope, but because of the exploitation of nature exists, this unity is short, once beyond the ruled class capacity, is bound by the resistance, the result is a decline of corporate governance system, lax governance capacity. Marx believes that only has destroyed the exploiting class "real democracy" is the reality of people's own creation, "national legal system, and the country itself, it is the national political system, is people's self rule", "must make the actual state system, people assume a national system principle".
The modernization of national governance as the inherent requirements and essential characteristics of the inevitable, with the social and economic development, people's all-round development towards the same direction, both with regularity with purpose. Therefore, this unity is internal, organic. In short, the benign interaction involved in national governance in the relationship between man and society is the key to realize modernization. In this huge organism of society, in any case can not ignore the organic elements of the individual system.