Qingyang City, Gansu province is famous in drought stricken county, annual rainfall 450mm, harsh climatic conditions, nine years of drought, especially in spring, perennial drought and windy spring, very difficult, from 2006 the introduction of the whole film double furrow sowing technology, large area demonstration since 2008, in the agricultural production from passive to drought active drought, no longer subject to weather to spring sowing annual promotion of Maize in the area of one million acres, 2009, 2012 and 2014 respectively by the Ministry of agriculture awarded the "national grain production counties." Chinese small grains of Huan county or township, annual planting buckwheat, millet, millet mung bean, pea, oats, buckwheat, etc. more than 20 kinds, the planting area is 47 thousand Hm2, the total yield is more than 60 thousand T. With the continuous improvement of living standards, health and green food known as buckwheat, oats, millet and other small grains even more broad prospects for development, and the whole film double furrow sowing technique is only suitable for large size high stalk crops, plant spacing of traditional small grains, millet and other crops, too much density do not go on, the yield is relatively low. To this end, Huan County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in 2014 and Zhengning county and Lintao County agricultural sector cooperation, create the film covering rotary combined machine, opened a prelude to the whole film furrow cultivation technology promotion in general, with the promotion of this technology, the full film coverage will be a large area to improve the degree of restriction of weather, spring decreased, traditional agricultural planting varieties will also restore the vitality, the total grain yield is greatly improved.
1 full film furrow cultivation technology of general connotation
The whole film furrow cultivation technology is the use of general film covering the whole "ridge, film, and ditch" nature "light, heat, water" the perfect combination, timely film, will fall and winter rain savings to spring, adjusting crop planting density, the dry farming transformation from passive to active in drought resistance and water saving; a single staple crop planting to all the crops forward; from the special agricultural machinery to multifunctional combined machine; small area demonstration to promote large-scale cultivation; on the day of harvest from the change to independent co-ordination, thus breaking the shackles of natural rainfall on crop planting season, planning with goals and direction of planting crops, the development of agricultural production, improve total grain production.
2 full film furrow cultivation technology of general principle and advantage
In general the whole film furrow cultivation technology refers to the preparation, the formation of ditching the same size small ridge, plastic film (black and white) full coverage, to ditch soil covering film, according to different crops on the ridge, ridge side or furrows dibble, widely suitable for planting, planting and semi dilute dry cultivation technique for crops planting, ridge bottom width of 33~36 cm, 18~20 cm, wide ridge ridge 5~13 high cm, the technology is based on the premise of full film furrow, machinery operation as the direction, with a general pattern of Ridge Film Mulching in a variety of crops as the goal, to simplify the mechanization technology, solve a special machine with a variety of crops lead a special machine for farm machinery, farm machinery to lead with a horsepower tractors, a (grain grower, cooperatives and enterprises) for several crops to invest in the purchase of several sets of special machines with machinery and other issues , implementation of a machine, the production of fixed investment cost down, improve crops mechanization production level, the continuation of dryland agriculture potential, improve the efficiency of the stable and controllable purpose. [2]. can be applied in wheat, corn, small grains, potatoes, flax, rapeseed, vegetables, herbs and other crops than the whole film double furrow sowing mulching (cm, 70 row wide narrow row 40 cm) from the ridge of a ridge reduced, increased, the sunlight receiving more surface area, away from the lines. The ratio of more reasonable and more conducive to crop ventilation, also the whole film laminating machine, rotary tillage, general furrow fertilization, mulching, drilling process once, at the same time also covered blankholding mechanization, does not need manual pressure side, press "horizontal belt", time and labor saving, convenient and quick.
3 in general the whole film furrow cultivation technology demonstration results
According to the province on 2015 "dry grain and oil crop cultivation model of general film furrow" area "and" production efficiency cultivation technology demonstration to promote the implementation of program requirements, combined with our county crop planting planning in ring Town, town, town, trough tune Hong Dexiang, Hu Dong Xiang, Geng Wan Xiang, Shancheng Township seven towns were planted mulching crop is 40 thousand Hm2, the whole film furrow cultivation pattern in general 5 thousand hm2. plateau east of the village town ring out of soybean, wheat, flax Zhou Yuan Cun; Xu Hong De Xiang Qi Cun Li Jia Yuan Cun, corn, millet and buckwheat planting Geng Wan Xiang film and film furrow test each 13.3 hm2 the general cultivation technology demonstration. At the same time comparison test in the East Highland Village town ring layout soybean, Hong De Xiang Li Jia Yuan Cun, millet, millet full film furrow cultivation techniques and varieties of general density test. Through the experiment and demonstration, in the same soil fertility level, management measures and varieties of the same conditions, the whole film furrow cultivation pattern of general than the whole film double furrow sowing mode of production in the production of 10%~18%; ratio of hole sowing covering soil than that of 8%~15% model; yield 25%~35%, yield effect was very significant.
The center for the promotion of technology of the corn in 2016 in the film double furrow sowing; wheat, flax with whole film mulching; ideas to the general technology of full film furrow mainly small grains, herbs to promote full film mulching cultivation technology, extension area over 100 thousand Hm2, the plastic film 8 thousand Hm2 communication planting cultivation technique, with soybean and buckwheat, total film grains of 26 thousand Hm2 31%. covering the county
Comparison of main planting patterns in 4 full film furrow cultivation mode and local general
4.1 compared with the open field
The whole film furrow cultivation pattern is the general membrane covering a water storage and soil moisture, evaporation temperature increasing effect. The drought occurred last year and demonstration are Huanxian, last autumn mulching, can effectively last autumn and winter water accumulation, so the impact is greatly reduced, and the outdoor planting mode of soil moisture, transpiration index with climate change is large, poor germination rate for sowing in spring, and in summer. The sharp drop in output.
Thus, the whole film cultivation technology is an important technology in agricultural production, can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of drought on crop growth, can effectively solve the difficult problem of the spring sowing.
4.2 compared with the whole film double furrow sowing
The whole film furrow cultivation model using three general ridge offset, plant and row spacing size ratio is moderate, is conducive to the deployment, density, air and light to the furrow to increase the number of receiving more solar radiation, thermal efficiency is high; the whole film double furrow sowing with width of 70 cm wide narrow row planting, behavior, narrow row spacing of 40 cm. Only, the suitable planting density of small crops, such as corn, sorghum and sunflower, but for the wheat stalk crops (wheat, oats, buckwheat, millet, sesame and so on) low density. Such as: the same spacing is 15~20cm, the whole film double furrow sowing density was only 6000~8000 strains, and 10 000~13 000 common furrow cultivation strains, 60000 strains were /hm2, suitable for low and high density of crop stalk; 10000 strains of the same density, general spacing full film furrow is 20 cm, the whole film double furrow sowing only 12 cm spacing is too small, bad ventilation, effect of yield increase.
4.3 compared with film mulched soil.
Film mulched soil due to fully tiled, utility because of the variety characteristics of flexibility, strain ratio is the best, but no furrow planting and film covering soil, not good use of solar radiation light and light temperature, temperature of slow temperature rising, disadvantages of effective accumulated temperature decrease, thus affecting the use of the rate of fertilizer and water, resulting in yield than general cultivation mode of film furrow high.
5 popularization and application prospect
The whole film furrow cultivation system in general, the dry farming area to break the shackles of natural rainfall, make full use of natural resources of water, light and heat in the development of agricultural production. The whole film furrow planting could be extended from grain crops to oil crops, crops, vegetables, medicinal herbs cultivation, high yield, multi crop development. Huan county has cultivated 235 thousand and 800 Hm2, crop planting area is about 140 thousand Hm2 in 2015 in addition to corn membrane covering 88 thousand Hm2 and the agricultural sector demonstration film planting 13 thousand Hm2 covered with small grains, potatoes, oil crops, farmland 40 thousand Hm2 the rest are planting, planting is very low in 2015 in Huan County Buckwheat yield level, 48.7 kg, 55 kg[3] and millet, buckwheat yield mulching was 102 kg, millet 118 kg, increased by 109% and 115%. with the promotion of Gansu province grain and oil crops yield ten main push technology and Gansu province grain and oil crop cultivation film furrow cultivation technology of new technology in general five potential in the most arable land can be used in film mulching technology, crop yield level and total grain yield will be greatly improved, especially Grain crops, oil crops and medicinal materials, agricultural mechanization rate will also greatly enhance the [4].
6 matching technology
6.1 selection and preparation
The flat terrain, soil deep, loose soil, fertility, slope below 15 degrees plots, harvest crops before the time after deep plowing depth 25~30cm after tillage stubble, timely rake was smooth, good film [5].
6.2 soil treatment
On the underground pests serious plots, soil preparation with 40% phoxim EC 7.5 kg/hm2 plus 450 kg fine sand mixed into toxic soil applicator or spraying against the water 750 kg, prevention of underground pests. Weed serious plots, with 50% acetochlor EC 1.5 kg/hm2 water 750 kg full ground spray, and then covered with plastic film.
6.3 formula fertilization
According to the requirements of crop yield and soil nutrient status, the local high yield cultivation techniques were used as the index. The whole field of fertilizer or soil in the film concentrated fertilizer.
6.4 timely film
Film should be top in autumn or spring, with a width of 120 cm and above 0.01 mm thick film, mechanical full ground cover. After the film, to prevent the trampling of human and animal, often check, to prevent wind blown film. In case of breakage, cover with fine soil in time.
6.5 selection of fine varieties
According to the planting needs and planting climatic conditions and the soil fertility level, selection of suitable varieties and planting, and according to the technical specification of high yield planting the crop local seed treatment and sowing for guidance.
6.6 to determine the reasonable spacing and row planting
According to the reasonable planting density and planting density, planting spacing or hole spacing calculation. This is the film furrow general technical difference and an important part of the whole film double furrow sowing technology. Huan County high stalk crops such as maize, sorghum and sunflower with interlaced planting, also can plant spacing is 30~45 wide and narrow row planting, cm; in the thin planting grain crops such as straw:
Legumes (beans, peas, beans, buckwheat etc.) used on demand, spacing of 15~35 cm; in the small straw planting crops such as: Wheat (wheat, oats, barley, flax, etc.) by seeding and one point to multi particle, hole spacing of 10~25 cm; the morphological changes of the vegetables, medicinal herbs are also available. But according to the crop characteristics, reasonable planting row and plant spacing.
6.7 timely sowing
In general 4 months late sowing. Summer sowing generally 6 months late. Sowing sowing generally in early September. In short, according to the different characteristics of crops, choose the best sowing time.
6.8 field management and pest control
And the whole film double furrow sowing technology is same. The high yield cultivation technique of this crop locally as a guide, focus on seedling management and additional links, close observation of diseases and insect pests, timely prevention and treatment.
6.9 timely harvesting, removal of waste film
After the crop is mature, it is necessary to harvest in time to avoid economic losses, and remove waste film, to prevent pollution.
Reference
[1] Wang Zhen. In the film double furrow sowing corn has extension problems and Countermeasures of [J]. Gansu agricultural science and technology, (2015, 4).
[2] dry film grain and oil crop cultivation model of furrow general [J]. Gansu agriculture, (2015, 24).
[3] in the Yearbook compilation committee. In the Yearbook [G].2015.
[4] ten main push technology of grain and oil crop cultivation in Gansu [J]. Gansu agriculture, China, (2015, 23).
[5] Liu Guangcai, Ma Yan et al. Dry soybean film micro furrow sowing cultivation techniques [J]. Gansu agricultural science and technology, (2014, 7).