1、 The role of logistics distribution in E-commerce
No matter how convenient and fast e-commerce is, it can't reduce the link of logistics distribution. If the distribution services of goods can't match, online transactions can't give play to the advantages of convenience and speed in the initial stage. According to the characteristics of e-commerce, it is a logistics mode that implements unified information management and scheduling for the whole logistics and distribution system, tallies goods in the logistics base according to the user's order requirements, and delivers the goods to the consignee. This advanced and optimized circulation mode helps circulation enterprises improve service quality, reduce logistics costs, and optimize social inventory allocation, It is of great significance to improve the economic and social benefits of enterprises. Logistics distribution plays the following roles in e-commerce:
(1) Improve the efficiency and efficiency of e-commerce;
(2) Expand the market scope of e-commerce;
(3) Realize supply chain integration based on e-commerce;
(4) Integrate business flow, information flow and capital flow in e-commerce;
(5) To make e-commerce the most competitive business form in the 21st century.
2、 Logistics bottleneck under E-commerce
2.1 incompatibility with the development of other industries
Although there have been some specialized logistics enterprises in China, the level and efficiency of logistics services are still relatively low, mainly manifested in the following aspects: at present, the scale and strength of enterprises engaged in logistics services are still relatively small, and they can only simply provide transportation and logistics services? Warehousing services, but in terms of logistics value-added services such as circulation processing, logistics information services, inventory management and logistics cost control, especially in higher-level logistics services such as logistics scheme design and full logistics services? It is difficult to provide full process services including planning, planning and consultation. Most enterprises engaged in logistics services lack the necessary service specifications and internal management procedures, and their operation and management are extensive. It is difficult to provide standardization? Logistics services.? In recent years, the state finance has increased investment in logistics infrastructure construction, but compared with other industries, the development of logistics industry is still lagging behind. The capacity of basic equipment is insufficient, the equipment planning is unreasonable, the transportation facilities in the East are relatively developed, accounting for about 50% of the country, and the central and western regions only account for 34% and 16% respectively; In terms of means of transportation and modes of transportation, the lines have less journey, low density, low modernization level and weak resistance to natural disasters; In terms of warehousing, China is a warehouse established with administrative departments as the system, with large area, large quantity and low modernization level of warehousing equipment; In addition, the level of logistics management and logistics informatization of the whole logistics industry are relatively low.
2.2 the government and relevant enterprises pay relatively little attention and understanding to e-commerce logistics
The development of the logistics industry involves infrastructure, logistics technology and equipment, industrial policy, investment and financing, taxation and transportation standards, etc., which are managed by different government functional departments. However, the functional departments have insufficient understanding of modern logistics and lack of unified and coordinated strategic thinking. At present, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of communications each have a number of policies and regulations on qualification certification, and the functional departments of the government are a multi headed management system for logistics enterprises. In order to protect the interests of local logistics enterprises, some local governments have set up barriers in transportation, taxation, industry and commerce, etc. to restrict the business activities of non local logistics enterprises, which seriously hinders the rapid development of e-commerce logistics industry. The existing laws and regulations related to logistics are mostly departmental and regional, and lack of national unified special legal documents.
2.3 it has the ambiguity of commodity source
Most sites on the Internet have mirror sites. Mirror sites are usually computers located in other countries, which store exactly the same information as the original site. The purpose of using mirroring is to avoid "traffic congestion" on the Internet, so that Internet users can access computers that are relatively close to their physical locations, thus accelerating the process of information interaction. For this reason, as far as consumers of online trade are concerned, they do not know which country's computers provide them with products or services. Of course, for consumers, as long as they get the products and services they need, it doesn't matter how they come from.
2.4 relatively backward business environment
Self operated logistics accounts for the majority of Chinese enterprises. This "large and scattered" and "small and complete" material circulation layout hinders the development of China's logistics industry, and causes a large number of idle assets and waste of funds. On the other hand, the previous management system of segmentation has formed a large number of freight forwarders with single functions. These enterprises can not provide complete supply chain services due to their narrow service scope and weak horizontal integration; In addition, the low grade and backward equipment can not meet the requirements of customers in terms of timeliness and service quality, or the logistics services provided can not make customers feel more favorable than self operated logistics, which is easy to cause the weakness of logistics demand services. In addition, the backwardness of China's information tracking service system and network system also restricts the development of the logistics industry. The backwardness of information service and network system update has obviously made the development of logistics industry lose its solid premise.
3、 Reasons for the formation of "logistics bottleneck" in China
From the above analysis of the current situation of China's logistics system, it is obvious that due to the influence of traditional business concepts and enterprise models and the comprehensive effect of various specific factors, China's e-commerce has appeared a "logistics bottleneck". Taking all factors into consideration, we can see that the main reasons for the formation of China's "logistics bottleneck" are:
3.1 logistics platform construction lags behind
E-commerce logistics platform includes entity network and information network. Physical network refers to the physical network formed by logistics enterprises and their logistics facilities, transportation vehicles, transportation hubs, etc. in a reasonable geographical location. Information network refers to the information resource sharing network formed by logistics enterprises, manufacturing enterprises and commercial enterprises by connecting and integrating their own entity information through modern information technology such as Internet; The current situation of physical network in China is that the regional layout of transport facilities is not reasonable, and the contradiction between supply and demand of main transport channels is still prominent. There is no unified layout of logistics outlets, and the distribution of logistics enterprises is too scattered; Logistics facilities? The equipment is generally poor. The information network is also unsatisfactory: the internal logistics information management and technical means of industrial and commercial enterprises are relatively backward, and the necessary public logistics information exchange platform is lacking. This makes it difficult to achieve "door-to-door" services due to the lack of effective interconnection between various links in the logistics process. As the construction of logistics distribution platform requires a lot of investment, and the coordination and integration of various departments is circuitous in time, it lags far behind the development of e-commerce, which directly affects the overall level of logistics distribution.
3.2 the network cannot solve the logistics problem
Relying on the Internet can solve business flow and related problems, but it can not solve the main problems of logistics. E-commerce enables the information flow, business flow and capital flow needed in the transaction process to be completed online at one time, and the circulation time is greatly shortened. Therefore, logistics will play a very important role in determining and restricting the future economic development. This contradiction between the space-time limitation of material flow and the space-time infinity of information flow makes the space-time limitation of material flow a bottleneck of network economy.
3.3 regional segmentation is serious
The logistics industry lacks overall planning, and is still "scattered, weak and small" on the whole, with obvious characteristics of small production. The links of logistics are disconnected from each other, the layout is unreasonable, the regions are segmented, and the local protectionism is serious. It is impossible to build a cross regional logistics distribution network, and the huge logistics demand can not be met. Regional resources and facilities can not be shared, and there is a lack of division of labor and cooperation among regions, which seriously hinders the free flow of materials. Logistics services can not be effectively integrated, which virtually reduces the demand for logistics services and reduces the level of logistics services.
4、 Summary
In the e-commerce environment, suppliers must comprehensively, accurately and dynamically grasp the flow of products scattered in various transit warehouses, distributors, retailers and various transportation links across the country, so as to formulate production and sales plans and adjust market strategies in time. Therefore, the development of e-commerce has further promoted the rapid rise of modern logistics industry, and logistics can also promote the improvement of e-commerce efficiency and efficiency, the coordination of e-commerce objectives, the expansion of e-commerce market scope, the realization of supply chain integration based on e-commerce, and the integration of business flow, information flow and capital flow in e-commerce, Thus, e-commerce will become the most competitive business form in the next century.