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职业教育发展的财政政策研究

时间:2022-07-02 来源:未知 编辑:梦想论文 阅读:
The financial policy of secondary vocational education should be based on the principle of equity. At present, the financial policy of secondary vocational education in China lacks fairness to a certain extent. In order to improve the fairness of the financial policy of secondary vocational education, we should take the improvement of the free secondary vocational education policy as the starting point, and focus on designing support policies from all aspects.
 
1、 Current financial situation of secondary vocational education in China
 
In China, the development of secondary vocational education is not particularly prominent, and there is no huge source of funds. In China's education system, government departments pay more attention to theoretical research and academic growth. Under the background of the times, vocational education in China is a kind of existence without task advantage. At present, the biggest problem of Vocational Education in China is the shortage of teachers, poor school running conditions and the decline of students. One of the important reasons that hinder the development of vocational education is that there is no source of funds. According to the system, compared with ordinary colleges and universities, the educational cost of vocational education is much higher, but the government allocates less to vocational education schools than ordinary high schools in the financial allocation of vocational education. Secondary vocational education, taking the market as a guide and based on energy, is a practical operation and a practical form of education. The school running mode of vocational teaching requires a lot of capital consumption. For example, secondary vocational schools generally have a three-year schooling system, and they study cultural courses internally for two years. On the eve of graduation, students enter enterprises for practice. Educational financial expenditure is mostly used for those who need a lot of practical experience and practical teaching in theoretical teaching, and the main costs are the establishment of laboratories and training bases. After a year of enterprise practice, a large amount of money is also needed for practical teaching work.
 
In our country, secondary vocational education does not belong to the stage of compulsory education, and it exists in a practical teaching mode, so the tuition fee will be higher than that of general education. At present, the tuition fees of most secondary vocational schools for a semester are about 1000 yuan to 1500 yuan. Moreover, most students in secondary vocational education come from rural areas, and their families are poor. The increase in tuition fees has brought great pressure to families. In March 2009, the tuition free education policy has been implemented under the promotion of the Chinese government. However, the scope of implementation of this policy is far from enough, and it is only applicable to students from rural families with financial difficulties and agricultural majors. Students who are not in this condition still need to pay tuition fees.
 
At present, the salary of students in vocational education schools in China is unstable after graduation. Although the graduate employment rate of students in secondary vocational education schools is high in recent years, graduates are often robbed by enterprises when they graduate. Most graduates of secondary vocational schools have low wages, poor working environment, long working hours and no skills at work, which makes students unable to learn. The massive growth in the academic field is in throb. Most of them are "three low" employees with low education, low fees and low technical content. Moreover, it is difficult for these students to have the opportunity to further their diploma studies after completing their studies.
 
2、 Suggestions and Countermeasures for developing vocational education and promoting educational equity
 
(1) Realize more investment for the economic distribution of Vocational Education
 
Due to the unequal distribution of education funds at all levels, the secondary vocational education funds are affected and the distribution is unfair. Because the educational nature of secondary education is different from that of general education, the cost of education is also greater than that of general education, but the cost of Vocational Education in our country is the least. Students' tuition fees have become the main source of vocational education funds. Government funds are distributed disproportionately in all levels and types of education, and the educational cost of vocational education is inherently high, which cannot be solved by tuition fees. We should rely on the improvement of financial support of government departments for vocational education to solve the problem of insufficient funds.

(2) We will improve subsidies for poor students and establish a comprehensive compensation mechanism
 
In the nine-year compulsory education and higher education, the subsidy system for poor students has been basically established, and the state has a general framework for the subsidy mode of higher education, but the auxiliary learning system of secondary vocational schools has not been fully established. Therefore, the subsidy system of secondary vocational schools should also create a complete, scientific and reasonable system. At present, China has begun to implement the student subsidy policy of secondary vocational schools. The subsidy is jointly funded by the central government and local governments. Each student receives 1500 yuan of financial aid every year, with a total subsidy of two years. The object of the subsidy must be the first and second grade students in school, who have secondary vocational full-time school status, including subsidies for rural poor students and urban poor students. In addition, students can also enjoy national scholarships and tuition free school education.
 
(3) Vigorously develop cooperation with enterprises, and students work part-time and study part-time
 
Secondary vocational education schools and enterprise cooperative education have been applied in many secondary vocational schools in China for a long time. It can not only combine students' theory with practice, but also improve the teaching quality of secondary vocational education and promote the development of economy and society. In secondary vocational schools, we should adhere to the employment oriented and market-oriented social education system, pay attention to self-development, give full play to sensitive advantages, bravely explore the cooperation between enterprises and education, study while working, combine work and learning, carry out new education models, carry out new school running roads, and actively build an interesting and mutually beneficial school system.
 
Conclusion:
 
The mode of secondary vocational education is to combine the curriculum with the actual needs of society, and there is no unified and fixed mode. This discipline is highly targeted, pays attention to operational skills, combines education and training, improves students' work quality, and allows students to obtain employment. China has a large population base and a large labor force. The work of personnel is an important issue that the Chinese government must solve. At present, the Chinese government is committed to developing a variety of educational models and improving the basic cultural level of rural personnel. Only by implementing the principle of fair and just treatment in the financial policy of secondary vocational colleges can we promote the development of secondary vocational education.

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