On July 27, 2009, the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Culture issued "on deepening the state-owned art performance troupes restructuring a number of opinions", the state-owned art performance troupes of reform is imperative. Shanxi is a big province, there are a large number of county-level Opera Troupe, and their level of development is uneven, in the overall situation of the reform, the county theater can not be avoided.
First, the basic situation of the county Theater
In 2010, according to the statistics of the local culture, radio and television, press and Publication Bureau County troupe, our province is currently registered in the county troupe has 105, accounted for 70 percent of the total number of the province of state of the art troupes, which Luliang City 15, Changzhi City 15, Xinzhou City, 14, Linfen city 11, Yuncheng city 11, Jinzhong City 9, Jincheng city 8, Datong City 7, Taiyuan city of six, Shuozhou City six, Yangquan City 3. County troupe direct service grassroots audience. Acting as the government's mouthpiece, enrich the cultural life of the masses, the popularity of inheriting the excellent local opera culture. Their shoulders plays a very heavy responsibility, but the majority survived very difficult, some county troupe has existed in name only, some small operas County Troupe for survival in the face of pressure, forced to dance and drama of the opera. The 105 County troupe in part to perennial active in the vast rural areas, the rest of the theatre performance is not good, fits and starts, and some of the show, some troupe has even stop the play. 7 of Datong's 2 county-level theater has been in a state of paralysis, 1 contracted to individuals. Shuozhou City of six county-level theatre in the eighties and nineties of the last century, have because of too few contracting by an individual or government funding, and once the paralyzed, fortunately, as in recent years the development of local economy, local government to increase efforts to support, increase financial input, making the county troupe to be rebuilt and services to the government, service to local people. Xinzhou city under the jurisdiction of 14 districts (city) County in the past there are County theater, but now basically in a state of paralysis. Currently active in the theater, in addition to the municipal troupes, is a private company. Luliang City of 15 county troupe most have been unable to normal performance. In name only, or, for example, once had "the emperor married women" and other excellent repertoire of Fenyang City Drum front Jinju group, has bred around the song and the well outstanding actor, screenwriter of Jiaocheng County Jinju Opera Troupe, were established in the 1940s, but the two historic old troupe, but in recent years due to the implementation of the reorganization of the assets of the troupe, internal reform, contract system and personal management a series of changes, resulting in theater management mechanism is not smooth, theatre staff are laid-off, the stopping of the wages in recent years has been basically no longer show. At present only Xiaoyi bowl bowl cavity troupe, Xiaoyi City puppet theater, Xingxian Jinju Opera Troupe, Liulin ensemble, Linxian County Daoqing Opera Troupe can adhere performances, and has good performance. Taiyuan City, there were 6 county-level theater, has now become the private nature of the performance of individual business groups. Linfen city county troupe's situation is not optimistic, 17 districts under the jurisdiction of the original Linfen has set up a theatre. But in recent years, there is serious atrophy, some stop the play, some contracted to individuals, some brand no real. Yangquan City, the 3 county-level theater has experienced many twists and turns, but now the normal performance.
9 County theater Jinzhong, Qixian theater has ceased operations, the remaining 8 are still insisted on performing troupe. Changzhi county troupe most 2007, Changzhi city implementation culture guaranteeing engineering, to the poverty-stricken counties to send to the countryside, every show a subsidy 4000 yuan, the formulation of the policy, year after year, exhausted the county troupe got great support. But some small theater Opera Troupe, in order to seek a way out, have turned to Bangzi opera, which is the development of small operas relative disadvantage. Jincheng city 8 County troupe each could receive varying amounts of government culture subsistence allowances and subsidies in order to award on behalf of the streak subsidies, the troupe is also the normal operation. The situation is quite good as well as Yuncheng City, because there are more than other areas of traditional opera culture atmosphere, the audience is good, coupled with the strong support of the local government, the county theater can adhere to the normal performance. The main position of the county theatrical troupe is mainly concentrated in the rural areas, which is the soil for the survival of the county level theater.
All county troupe is the collective nature. Some troupes is completely self-supporting, no financial assistance. On this show income to maintain the troupe's survival; some troupes to subsidize the difference, the percentage difference ranging from 50% to 80%, and the troupe is the county government quota or indefinite amount to give some financial assistance, Theatre and relying on business performance of income, troupe is guaranteed by the two sources of funding normal operation.
The number of completely self-supporting theater is not many, most company have financial assistance more or less. In the province of 105 County troupe, has more than 5000 employees, the total number of 33 senior titles, intermediate title total number 410 people, senior titles accounted for the total number of employees of 0. 6%, intermediate professional titles accounted for 8% of the total number of employees. From 2000 to 2010 ten years, the number of senior professional titles accounted for the proportion of the total number of employees did not change much. As can be seen from these data, the overall quality of the staff at the county level troupe is low, and it needs to be improved gradually.
Two, county theater is the backbone of the opera performance market
Most county theater was founded in the last century fifty or sixty's, a few theatre company was founded in the seventy or eighty's after the reform and opening up. After the founding of new China to the present 60 years, the most basic level of Chinese opera performing groups at the county level theater is the main force of the market. They are the most basic art groups, performing activities mainly concentrated in rural areas, it stage is the countryside village open-air inexperienced, audience is Shanxi Province and neighboring provinces and cities in the country's vast rural audiences, direct service to the overwhelming majority of grassroots audience, it greatly enrich the the amateur cultural life of the broad masses of Rural Township, meet the cultural needs of the public, played a role in the propaganda of the party's policy, educate the masses, to entertain the masses. It not only acting as the government's mouthpiece, is an excellent local opera culture heritage and popularity, bear responsibility for the development and prosperity of Shanxi local opera, in the vast rural areas of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization plays an important mission. Shanxi is a major agricultural province, with a total population of 24 million, accounting for 80% of the total population, the 24 million people to enjoy the drama of the needs of the majority of the county theater to bear. Shanxi Province art performing groups (including Province, city and county Troupe) in performances at around 30000. The county troupe performances is more than 20000 field, total play played 80 percent of. County troupe in the prosperity of the drama cultural market plays a pivotal role, it can be said, county troupe is opera is the backbone of the market, county theater quality marks the prosperity of the local opera culture market. For this stage, the company can not only measure the value of its existence.
On the shoulders of the county theater shoulders heavy cultural heritage responsibility, its role must not be underestimated, but it is the most difficult to survive a group. Since the late eighty's of last century, many of the problems that hinder the development of the theater have gradually emerged, and more than 20 years have not been very good solution. For example, the crush of social development in other art forms and modern life, the county troupe's survival space gradually reduced; a severe lack of funds brought a series of problems; because of poor benefits, performance harsh environment and other factors caused by professionals to find another way out, personnel flow serious loss; the weakness of the opera caused many art schools to recruit students of school drama, lean opera talent; and old repertoire, performance market confusion and so on problem has plagued the troupe.
Three, the reform of the county theater thinking
In the face of this large-scale reform, two ministries "opinions" requirements in 2010, choose one or two pilot counties, the county troupes to promote the enterprise restructuring, exploring the way of government procurement of public entertainment services, the development of the rural market of performing arts. The state of the reform of county troupes imperative. So, in this situation, the development of the county theater should go from here?
Facing the mentioned above the county troupe's survival condition and the current trend of the reform of, county troupe to obtain good development, this is not the power of unilateral can solve, need government help, policy support and guidance, also need to adjust and change their own.
First, at the policy level, to county troupe a accurate positioning, which is basic performance troupes are generally concerned about the problem. Opera as a local native performing art forms. The formation mostly through the interpretation of the history of hundreds of years, has the most deep local culture connotation, is because people love to see and hear to be handed down in the form of entertainment. At the same time, all over the county troupe is charged with the responsibility of local government cultural propaganda, social benefit is far greater than the economic benefits, also is the public welfare more than management. In addition, the purport of the cultural the system reform of our country should be is to improve the living environment of the troupe, to solve the theater people out of play, art, improve, team stability, problems of providing for the elderly, governments at all levels should take specific measures respectively according to the different situations in various forms of drama, the area. Of the four Bangzi the endemic areas is relatively wide, with strong artistic vitality and dynamism of the drama, should formulate a concrete and operable relevant supporting policies, promote its enterprise restructuring, the troupe of enterprise restructuring to pave the way; for those circulating in small area, a very high artistic value but situation endangered little Opera Troupe, how to implement effective support and assistance to them, making ethical policy of the development of art and need to in-depth understanding, careful study, to formulate corresponding policy, to achieve development in the protection and support.
Simply pushing the market is not the only way. At present of the opera troupe of the general policy, can not effectively and reasonably make operas troupe embarked on the track of healthy development. Unified the reform program is not suitable for all county troupe. Because of the different political and cultural atmosphere around, different economic development strength, opera troupe of its conditions vary widely, so the reform of county troupe to careful treatment, looking for an existing government support to help, and the troupe is not dependent on the government, to work in the market method. If completely to the market, it is bound to make many weak operas to survive. Some local governments will lose the publicity window, the ancestors of the creation of this national cultural heritage will disappear.
Secondly, county troupe to change ideas, emancipate the mind, to fully understand the "opinions", "change early early benefit, change early as early as the development of" the spirit of the policy, striving to be the pioneer of reform. Perhaps because of its have been in a weak, perhaps fearing a repeat of the past reform of the cultural system caused by the troupe paralyzed mistakes, county troupe widespread fear and worry about the restructuring of the psychological, even in the presence of resentment. And many cities and counties in our province is still in the undeveloped stage, art commercialization degree is not high, plus all county-level performance groups perennial rush to Pu hill, on the outside of the information and changes in the market to know little, market awareness is not strong. All of these have some obstacles to the development of the theatrical troupe. Thought transformation is a difficult problem, only the transformation of ideas to complete the transformation.
The Central Propaganda Department, the Ministry of Culture issued the about the deepening state-owned art performance troupes restructuring a number of opinions ", in the allocation of resources, all localities should fully consider the state-owned art performance troupes are weak, the status of the heavy burden, small volume, take a new construction, renovation, entrusted with the operation, leasing and other forms of, for conversion troupes with relatively fixed venues. Support conversion troupes and the news media to carry out various forms of cooperation, expand the development space. In fund raising channels, the views of the requirements to ensure that the troupes after the restructuring of the original normal business funds to finance, and through the cultural industry development funds to be supported. Promote the conditional place to explore the establishment of cultural and Arts Development Fund, project subsidies, targeted subsidies, subsidized loans and to award on behalf of the compensation measures taken, on enterprise restructuring troupes to increase financial support, focusing on supporting boutique creative production and talent training. To encourage the country to take a variety of ways to build investment and financing platform for enterprise restructuring troupes, improving the investment and financing system of entertainment industry. Improve to encourage enterprises, individuals donated art performance troupes of the tax relief policy, the effective mobilization of social forces, funding art performance troupes of enthusiasm. It can be seen that countries on the first turn enterprises troupes in hardware resource allocation and capital raising is given great support, early reforms, early benefit, early reforms, as early as the development of the policy intention is very obvious. Conditional County troupes should seize this opportunity, the correct understanding of the policy, emancipating the mind, vying for the troupes reform forerunner, the government in the allocation of resources and funds to help and support. And local governments should also learn from Gaoping City government practices, increase support, to create good external conditions for the reform of the county troupes.
Third, open ideas, solve the problem of personnel placement. Due to the heavy burden caused by historical reasons, it has been an important factor in the reform of the county theater. "Change to the depths of the property rights, to the difficulty is the staff." A lot of the registered members of the troupe, but really can bear the performance task actor rarely, the troupe's need to keep a lot of people, this give back troupe heavy burden. In this regard, the troupe should emancipate the mind, bold exploration, in the spirit of people-oriented, combined with local conditions, and explore a variety of channels, flexible personnel placement, properly address conversion troupes personnel placement problem. In view of the special nature of the performing arts industry, we should study and formulate the policy transfer characteristics of occupation career. On a special contribution to the employees, to explore the implementation of stock option incentive mechanism and methods, support enterprises to joint-stock reform of troupes restructuring way in accordance with the norms of the absorption of employee share ownership share. For restructuring troupes in the age slants big, if it is truly difficult to entertainers, and actively seek the support of relevant departments of the can be arranged to cultural institutions, museums, libraries, cultural centers, community cultural activities center, enrich the cultural work at the basic level team.
Efforts to achieve a reasonable diversion of wealthy personnel, reduce the burden on the troupe.
Fourth, to create a good market order, to provide security for the development of traditional opera. All local government departments should strengthen the guidance and standardization of the folk professional troupe, carry out macro adjustment and control to the performance market, and ensure that the county level and the folk professional troupe have a relatively fair competitive environment. Now all over the many folk professional troupes, some registered in the relevant departments, some are operating without a license. Some troupes in performing market take some illegal behavior, disrupting the performance market, management department to deal with the effective guidance and norms, recognition of the legal compliance of the folk professional troupes, eliminate the expulsion of those communities that do not abide by the rules. In addition, artistic performance is also a commodity, but also need to seek the balance of supply and demand in the market. Management department should according to the performance of the market, take an effective assessment and elimination system, improving the performance market norms, the State Theatre and folk troupes have a fair competition environment, get the healthy development of the local opera art.
Fifth, the troupe should strive to strengthen its own construction, improve market competitiveness and its vitality. Should first establish a new management mechanism for the troupe, with human body system and the mode of distribution will change, truly reflect the abler, plenty of labor distribution system and useful person can come in, surplus people could go to ensure a reasonable flow of talent, retain talent at the same time to good use. Furthermore Troupe will broaden thinking, multi increase financing channels, under the premise of government policy support, to constantly enhance the self operation and self survival and self-development ability to grow, gradually improve strength and vitality, try to implement the diversification of investment, attract and use of social forces to participate in the establishment of the troupe, increase the pace of market-oriented operation. Secondly, the troupe should strengthen its own art construction, strengthen the professional spirit of the play staff, improve the performance of the art level and performance of the staff. Strengthen repertoire building and create all the conditions to create and rehearse a new repertoire, or other local operas transplant, multiple rows of drama play the new drama, speed up the speed of updating the repertoire, enhance market competitiveness. A typical example is Linyi County Mihu troupe, it is the banner of the National Opera Troupe, booming decades of reason? Is mainly because the troupe can continue to produce new drama play drama. It was founded more than 50 years adhere to the 'modern drama, rely on their own strength constantly a good drama repertoire, around the real life, write around, singing around the thing, the best nourishment for the mind gave the audiences of rural. The same is the county theater, its experience is worth learning from other local county theater. In addition to the scientific management system and repertoires in the construction, the follow-up personnel training is equally important, the Opera Troupe had undertaken to continuity must have successors, talent is the key. Lack of talent resources atrophy will seriously affect the continuation of the development of opera, can not be ignored.
In the new century our country economic development situation is good, the sustained growth of the national economy, countries are paying more and more attention to art and culture, understanding and attaching importance to the development of culture and the arts is also more and more strong, which the development of culture and the arts provide a good social environment. So it is very necessary to county troupe as inheritance, an important force in promoting the local opera in Shanxi, in the next period of time, get the government's protection and support. However, our company can not wait for the full improvement of the external environment, such as the policy system, to reshape itself. Wait and see is not good, maintain their subjectivity, play their own initiative to lasting continuation and development.